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GSM TOWARDS LTE NETWORKS Lecture # 6 LTE Many names ... LTE - Long Term Evolution Introduction eUTRAN SAE - System Architecture Evolution EPS (Evolved Packet System) LTE/SAE What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations) Japan USA These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards Towards LTE LTE Access LTE radio access Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA OFDMA SC-FDMA Advanced antenna solutions Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO) Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD TX TX 1.4 MHz 20 MHz Terminology Updates EPC = Evolved Packet core (earlier SAE=System Architecture Evolution). e UTRAN = Evolved UTRAN (earlier LTERAN = Long Term Evolution). EPS = Evolved Packet Systems including EPC and Terminals. LTE Offer’s Performance and capacity DL 100 Mbps AND UL 50 Mbps Simplicity Flexible Bandwidths (5Mhz-20Mhz), FDD and TDD plug-and-play Devices self-configuration Devices self-optimization Devices LTE (Long Term Evolution) Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution) Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution) Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies LTE Objectives Reduced cost per bit Improve spectrum efficiency ( e.g. 2-4 x Rel6) Reduce cost of backhaul (transmission in UTRAN) Increased service provisioning – more services at lower cost with better user experience Focus on delivery of services utilising ”IP” Reduce setup time and round trip time Increase the support of QoS for the various types of services (e.g. Voice over IP) Increase peak bit rate (e.g. above 100Mbps DL and above 50Mbps UL) Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption Evolution Path Architecture LTE The pay load is to be directed to a tunnel (eUTRAN) Payload goes directly from the evolved node B to the Gateway Control plane is directed at the Mobility management end. Core Nodes of LTE Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections for GERAN (GSM Radio Access Network) and UTRAN Networks (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP radio-access networks PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization 3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects From 3GPP to LTE/SAE Only PS Domain shown The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios (S5 in-between) HLR/HSS IP networks SGi PCRF Gr S6a S7 S4 SGSN S3 MME S11 PDN GW Serving GW S2a/b S10 Gb Iu CP Iu UP S1-MME BSC RNC S1-U Iur eNodeB BTS 2G X2 Node B 3G LTE PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing, addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks Non-3GPP access SAE CN Architecture MME Functionality SGi SGSN S3 MME S4 S11 SAE GW S10 Roaming (S6a towards home HSS) S1-MME S1-U Authentication SAE GW selection eNodeB Idle mode mobility handling Tracking Area Update Paging Mobility handling of inter-MME (pool) handover (triggered by eNodeB) inter-RAT handover (triggered by eNodeB) QoS “negotiation” with UE and eNodeB Security Ciphering and integrity protection of NAS signalling Secure control signalling transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) O&M security (?) X2 SAE CN Architecture SAE GW Functionality SGi SGSN S3 MME S4 S11 SAE GW S10 PDN SAE GW: Policy Enforcement S1-MME S1-U Per-user based packet filtering (by e.g. deep packet inspection) Charging Support User plane anchor point for mobility between 3GPP accesses and non-3GPP accesseseNodeB routing of user data towards the S-GW Security O&M security (?) Lawful Intercept Serving SAE GW: User plane anchor point for inter-eNB handover (within one pool) User plane anchor point for inter-3GPP mobility routing of user data towards the eNodeB routing of user data towards the P-GW routing of user data towards the SGSN (2G and 3G) or RNC (3G with “Direct Tunnel”) Security Secure user data transport on S1 interface (unless taken care of by a SEG (Security Gateway)) O&M security (?) Lawful Intercept The PDN SAE GW and the Serving SAE GW may be implemented in one physical node or separated physical nodes. … X2 Why LTE/SAE? Introduction Driving Factors for LTE/SAE Ensuring that 3G is attractive in comparison with competing technologies (WiFi, WiMax, Flarion, …) Perception LTE/SAE architecture Competing technologies looks simpler (fewer nodes) OPEX (fewer node types to manage) Significantly increased peak data rate Competing technologies provide higher data rates End-user experience Reduced user plane latency Necessary to achieve increased data rates End-user experience Significantly reduced control plane latency End-user experience Improved Performance (compared to WCDMA) LTE – Performance Targets High data rates Downlink: >100 Mbps Uplink: >50 Mbps Cell-edge data rates 2-3 x HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006) Low delay/latency User plane RTT: Less than 10 ms ( RAN RTT ) Channel set-up: Less than 100 ms ( idle-to-active ) High spectral efficiency Targeting 3 X HSPA Rel. 6 (@ 2006 ) High performance for broadcast services Spectrum flexibility Operation in a wide-range of spectrum allocations Wide range of Bandwidth Support for FDD, Half-duplex FDD and TDD Modes Cost-effective migration from current/future 3G systems Introduction Focus on services from the packet-switched domain ! LTE/SAE Architecture LTE/SAE Architecture (release 8) LTE/SAE Architecture Functional changes compared to the current UMTS Architecture Moving all RNC functions to the Node B … …, SGSN CP functions to the MME, and GGSN functions to the SAE GW. P-GW S-GW GGSN SGSN (not user plane functions) Mobility Management Entity MME RNC Node B / HSPA PDN GateWay Serving GateWay eNodeB LTE Architecture MME/UPE MME/UPE S1 E-UTRAN X2 eNB eNB X2 X2 eNB MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity eNB = eNodeB Evolved Packet EPC Core Evolved Packet Switching Network Architecture P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW P-GW/S-GW E Interfaces P MME MME MME S11 C S1-Cp X2 Gi E U T R A N LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B LTE NODE B Air Interface SAE CN Architecture LTE/SAE Architecture Main SAE interfaces (non-roaming case) S1-MME: control plane protocol between eNodeB and MME S1-U: user plane tunneling interface between eNodeB and Serving GW S5: user plane tunneling interface between Serving GW and PDN GW S8: user plane tunneling interface between Serving GW and PDN GW for roaming S10: control plane interface between MME and MME S11: control plane interface between MME and Serving GW. S4: *) user plane tunneling interface between SGSN and PDN GW S3: *) control plane interface between MME and SGSN. O&M interfaces: OSS-RC – MME OSS-RC – SAE GW IP networks OSS-RC (SGi) SGi SAE GW S5/S8 S4 SGSN S3 MME S11 (in some use cases only) SAE GW S10 S1-MME S1-U eNodeB X2 Note: Interfaces non-3GPP accesses not covered. 2G Towards 3G Networks IP networks Only PS Domain shown Gi HLR PCRF Gr Gn Gx Gn GGSN SGSN Gb Iu •Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects BSC RNC BTS Node B 2G 3G Iur HSPA (Higher Speed Packet Access) IP networks Only PS Domain shown Gi HLR/HSS PCRF Gr Gx Gn GGSN SGSN Gb Iu CP Iu UP BSC RNC BTS Node B 2G Optimizing the 3G/HSPA payload plane for Broadband traffic 3G Iur 10 Mb/s From 3GPP Release 6 to LTE/SAE LTE/SAE Architecture Improving performance with LTE/SAE; 3GPP Release 8 (Additions/changes in red.) Only PS Domain shown The PDN and Serving GW may be separate nodes in some scenarios (S5 in-between) HLR/HSS IP networks SGi PCRF Gr S6a S7 S4 SGSN S3 MME S11 PDN GW Serving GW S2a/b S10 Gb Iu CP Iu UP S1-MME BSC RNC S1-U Iur eNodeB BTS 2G X2 Node B 3G LTE Non-3GPP access A flat architecture for optimized performance and cost efficiency LTE/SAE Architecture LTE/SAE Architecture Product dimension PA/DU Core & IMS IP networks SGi HLR/HSS HLR/HSS ”HLR/HSS” Gr PCRF PCRF S6a S7 EPC S4 SGSN SGSN S3 MME MME S11 ”Mobility Server”S10 Gb Iu CP PDN GW PDN GW Serving GW Serving GW ”Gateway” Iu UP S1-MME BSC RNC Iur S1-U RBS eNodeBB eNode BTS 2G S2a/b PA/DU Radio X2 Node B 3G LTE OSS Non-3GPP access Comparison with Speed 40-100Mbps Fiber like speed on mobile + True high-speed mobile data + Full-motion HD video anywhere + Stream any content + Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 EDGE ADSL (Networking) EVDO-A HSDPA ADSL-2+ + Triple play LTE Fiber Mbps Comparison Cost + Spectral efficiency Better utilization of spectrum available + Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart Antenna For improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership + Increased Capacity Much higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery $ UMTS rel.99 voice call cost 10% LTE VoIP cost* Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research + Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service delivery Fewer nodes & interfaces (NodeB/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies + Connect to legacy cores Existing network asset investment protection + 3GPP/2 Market traction 3GPP subscribers 85% market share Economy of scale Response Time 10-5msec latency Highly Responsive Multimedia + Improved user experience + Fast VoIP call set-up + Instantaneous web pages + Streaming fast buffering EDGE ADSL EVDO-A HSDPA ADSL-2+ LTE Fiber + Online mobile gaming LTE Time Line Mobile broadband speed evolution LTE Evolution LTE HSPA Evolution HSPA 3G- R’99 Peak rate 384 kbps 2002 3.6 Mbps 2005 7/14 Mbps 2007 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 Mbps Target 1 Gbps 2008/2009 2009 2013 www.lte.yolasite.com Thanks