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ARPANET History Lawrence G. Roberts CEO Anagran [email protected] September 2005 Packet Switching History Redundancy 0.85716 Routing 0.7143 IEEE paper Rand Report Paul Baran Rand ARPANET Program IFIP paper ACM paper Economics Donald Davies NPL 0.57144 Topology 0.42858 Queuing 0.28572 Len Kleinrock MIT RLE Report Book “Communication Nets” Protocol Roberts & Marill MIT Larry Roberts ARPA Davies & Scantlebury J.C.R. Licklider - Intergalactic Network 0.14286 TX-2-SDC 2 Node Exp Experiment FJCC Paper NPL One Node INTERNET IEEE papers ACM paper 3 nodes 13 SJCC Paper 20 38 0 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 Copyright Anagran 2005 The Beginning of the ARPANET • 1965 – MIT Experimental Two Computer Experiment (ARPA Funded) – Packets over Dial Telephone Network 1 • Proved Circuit Switching too slow, unreliable and expensive • Packet Network Proposed by Roberts • Queuing Theory – Len Kleinrock • Packet Structure from Experiment • Computer Interface from Experiment • 1967 - Roberts moved to ARPA • ARPANET Planned 2 • 1968 - All ARPA Research Sites pushed to join network and share computer power • 1968 – RFP for Packet Switch won by BBN • 1969 – Graduate Student Team to design hosthost protocol: • Led by Steve Crocker • Vint Cerf on team 1. 2. “Toward a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers”,Roberts & Marill, Fall Joint Computer Conference, SF, California, November 1966 “Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication, Lawrence Roberts, ” ACM Symposium, Gatlinburg, Tennessee, October 1967. Copyright Anagran 2005 ARPANET Program Plan Copyright Anagran 2005 ARPANET Logical Structure Copyright Anagran 2005 Internet Early History “Internet” 100,000 Name first used- RFC 675 Roberts term at ARPA Kahn term at ARPA Cerf term at ARPA Hosts or Traffic in bps/10 10,000 SATNET - Satellite to UK Aloha-Packet Radio PacketRadioNET Spans US DNS 1,000 TCP/IP Design 100 Ethernet EMAIL FTP NCP TCP/IP 10 ICCC Demo X.25 – Virtual Circuit standard 1 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 Copyright Anagran 2005 Hosts Traffic ARPANET in 1971 ARPANET 1971 ARPANET 1971 18 Nodes Copyright Anagran 2005 Packet Switching – 1969 Cost Crossover 60 65 70 75 80 From: “Data by the Packet,” IEEE Spectrum, Lawrence Roberts, Vol. 11, No. 2, February 1974, pp. 46-51. Copyright Anagran 2005 NAE Draper Award Laureates February 20th, 2001 Roberts Copyright Anagran 2005 Kahn Kleinrock Cerf US Internet Traffic US Internet Traffic Gigabits per second 10000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 ARPANET 0.00001 0.000001 0.0000001 0.00000001 1980 1970 Commercial NSFNET 2000 1990 Internet Bandwidth per User in US 100,000 Bits/Second 10,000 1,000 100 10 Copyright Anagran 2005 1 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2010