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IPv6 and Its Deployment
Dipak Singh
ERNET INDIA
Agenda
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Problems with IPv4
What is new in IPv6?
What are applications which demand IPv6?
Deployment of IPv6 in ERNET.
Problems in IPv4
• 32-bit address space can theoretically provide 4.3
billion unique global addresses.
• Mapping (NAT), CIDR and Proxy has extended
IPv4’s life in conjunction with private IPv4
Addresses
• No. of IP Addresses allocated to an orgnisation
are far less than their actual requirement.
•
Size of Routing Table increases with increase in
the IP addresses.
•
Complicated Header
IPv4 – Contd.
•
The IPv4 protocol does not provide • Security
- end to end communication security
• Quality of Service (QoS)
- special handling for different type of
traffic
IP Datagram Header
0
VERS
4
8
HLEN
16
TTL
TOTAL LENGTH
TOS
IDENTIFICATION
31
19
FLAG
PROTOCOL
FRAGMENT OFFSET
CHECKSUM
SOURCE ADDRESS
DESTINATION ADDRESS
OPTIONS (if any) + PADDING
Why do we need a new protocol?
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Uneven distribution of IPv4 addresses in the world.
•
India has less IPv4 Addresses than Hewlett- Packard (HP)
and many other US Companies •
India
= 3,042,202 (3 million)
•
HP
= 16,581,375 (16 million)
•
IPv4 Addresses will run out by 2008 to 2012.
•
Applications like Mobile Computing, Auto-configuration
and Real Time Audio & Video etc. require end-to-end
communications and hence unique IP Addresses for each
device.
IPv6 – What is New?
• Expanded Address Space
– Address length is now 128 bits.
– 340 undecillion unique addresses (1 undecillion = 1036)
• Header format simplification
– Simplified header reduces router processing loads
• Improved Routing
– Route aggregration reduces size of routing table
• Enhanced security and QoS
– IPsec is mandated
• Improved support for mobile IP and mobile computing
devices
– Plug & Play
– Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality
Restoring an End-to-End
Connectivity
• Internet started with end-to-end connectivity for
any applications
– Replacing Decnet/SNA gateway
• Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways
connect disparate networks
• Peer to Peer Server-to-client applications mean
global address when connected.
IPv6 Header Format
0
4
Vers
12
16
24
Traffic Class
Flow Label
Payload Length
Next Header
Source Address
Destination Address
31
Hop Limit
Addressing in IPv6
• Address in IPv4 has following format
202.41.97.3/24
• One level of hierarchy. Net id and host id
• The one level of heirarchy has led to explosion of
IP addresses in Internet backbone.
• IPv6 addressing has multi level of hierarchy.
• Three types of address in IPv6
– Unicast, Multicast, Anycast
IPv6 Addressing
• Unicast
– Aggregatable Global
– Scooped Address
• Link Local
• Site Local
• Multicast
– Identifies a set of interfaces
– Multicast is used for Broadcast in IPv6.
• Anycast
– It also refers to a set of interfaces but packet is sent to nearest one
Addressing in IPv6
• HEX in block of 16 bits representation
• 2001:0E30:0102:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B
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Leading zeros in a field are optional:
• 2001:E30:102:0:0:9C0:876A:130B
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Successive fields of 0 represented as ::, but only once in
an address:
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•
•
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2031:0:130F::9C0:876A:130B
2031::130F::9C0:876A:130B
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => ::1
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 => ::
IPv4-compatible address representation
• 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01
Addressing in IPv6
• Global Aggregate Address
3
13
001 TLA
32
NLA
Public Topology
16
SLA
Site
Topology
64 bits
Interface ID
Interface Identifier
• Link Local Address
10 bits
1111111010
54 bits
0
64 bits
Interface ID
• Site Local Address
10 bits
1111111011
38 bits
0
16 bits
subnet ID
64 bits
Interface ID
Multicast Address
8 bits
4
4
11111111 flags scope
112 bits
Group ID
Flags
000T
T= 0
T= 1
3 bits reserved
permanent
transient
Scope
2
5
8
E
link-local
site-local
org-local
global
Broadband Home – A necessity
for IPv6 !
• Home Networking
– At the heart of the digital home sits the
Broadband access point distributing a host of
enhanced content and services throughout the
home
Mobile Wireless Networking – an
IPv6 Must
• Unlicensed Band (Wi-Fi Hotspots)
• Personal mobility, High data rate
• Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G, DVB-T,…)
• Full mobility, Modest data rate
IPv6 – A Driver for the eEconomy
With millions of new devices becoming IP
aware, the need for increased addressing
and plug & play networking is only met
with the implementation of IPv6
IPv6 Market
• Education & Research Networks.
• Wireless (PDA, 3G Mobile Phone networks,
Car,...)
• Home Networking
– Set-top box/Cable/xDSL/Ethernet-to-the-home
• Enterprise
– Requires full IPv6 support on O.S. &
Applications
• Service Providers
IPv6 Deployment
• Many ways to deploy IPv6 services
– IPv6 tunnels over IPv4.
– Dedicated Data Link layers for native IPv6.
– Dual Stack Networks
• IPv6 over MPLS or IPv4-IPv6 Dual stack routers
• Service Providers and Enterprise may have
different deployment need.
IPv6 over WAN Tunnels
• Manually or automatically configured tunnels.
• Tunnel source and destination(IPv4) explicitly
configured at each node.
• Both the end nodes have to be dual stacked.
Native IPv6
• It is like building a new IPv6 network.
• Will be a costly proposition.
• No impact on existing IPv4 infrastructure.
• IPv4 traffic can be separated from IPv6.
Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6
• Routers and end systems should be dual stacked.
• May not necessarily apply to the overall
infrastructure.
• Network design must be well planned
– Memory and CPU size to handle growth for IPv4
& IPv6.
IPv6 over MPLS
• Many Service Providers have deployed IPv4
MPLS backbone for various reasons.
• Here IPv6 can be deployed without upgrading
MPLS core.
• The edge routers of MPLS backbone should be
dual stacked.
• Native IPv6 MPLS require full network upgrade.
Establishment of IPv6 enabled
Test Bed at ERNET
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To setup IPv6 Test Bed at ERNET Backbone
Setup IPv6 Domain Name Server & IPv6 Mail Server at all
PoP locations and test Mail Services using IPv6.
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To Demonstrate following features •
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Plug ‘n’ Play (Auto-configuration)
Multicasting
QoS
Organizing an IPv6 workshop for participants from
academia and industry.
Infrastructure Upgradation
• Hardware & IOS of Routers at 9 PoP locations
have been upgraded to support dual stack .
• A separate IPv6 segment has been created at each
9 POP.
• A server running Linux has been deployed at each
9 POP exclusively for IPv6 services
• A separate domain has been created at been
created at each POP for IPv6 services.
Routing
• To deploy IPv6, we had following options
• Tunneling, Native IPv6 and Dual Stack
• Dual Stack of IPv4 and IPv6 has been deployed
over ERNET backbone.
• IPv4 and IPv6 routing are running simultaneously.
• For Intra-AS routing, protocol options are
• RIP, OSPF, IS-IS
• OSPFv3 for IPv6 was deployed as OSPF for IPv4
was already running.
IPv6 Addressing Scheme
• The following IPv6 prefixes have been assigned to ERNET
by APNIC: 2001:0E30::/32
• ERNET PoPs are being assigned to /40 prefixes.
• Based on the above a PoP can further distribute /48
addresses to its customers.(1208925819614629174706176)
• For example following IPv6 Addresses are proposed to be
given for ERNET Delhi PoP users Delhi University
= 2001:0E30:1801::/48
JNU
Univ. of Rajasthan
= 2001:0E30:1802::/48
= 2001:0E30:1803::/48
IPv6 Enabled ERNET Backbone
Delhi
Backbone IPv6 Addresses
2001:0E30::/40
2001:0E30::22/126
2001:0E30::5/126
::21
Kanpur
::13
2001:0E30::6/126
Backbone Area 0
Mumbai
2001:0E30::18/126
Kolkata
OSPFv3
2001:0E30::57/126
::198
::58
Pune
Hyderabad
::197
2001:0E30::101/126
::126
2001:0E30::102/126
::125
::129
::178
::177
::130
::14
IISC ::137
::138
VSAT HUB
Chennai
Services Deployed
• IIT Kanpur is acting as Mail Gateway for incoming and
outgoing mails from ERNET. It is running on IPv4.
• The individual Mail Servers at each PoP is forwarding and
receiving mails from Mail Gateway at Kanpur on IPv6.
• All Mail Servers except at Kanpur will have static IPv6. Mail
server at Kanpur have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
• The mail transaction among mail servers within will be on IPv6
only.
• Multicasting across 4 POPs has been tested and it is being tested
at remaining POPs.
ERNET IPv6 Test Bed
IPv6/v4 dual stack
segment
IPv4 segment
Delhi IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Calcutta IPv6
Mail/DNS Server
IPv4 Internet
Kanpur IPv6
Mail/DNS Server
Mumbai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Pune IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
UoH IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Bangalore IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Chennai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server
Future Plans
• To run pure IPv6 traffic with GEANT, a PanEuropean Network.
• To deploy IPv6 in Communication Fabric of
Grid Computing.
• To offer Test bed for R & D activity.
Thank You