Download Ground Shaking Criteria 1997 Codes and Beyond

Field Testing & Monitoring
of Structural Performance
High Performance Mobile
Network
Steve Kang, Systems Administrator
University of California, Los Angeles
NSF Site Visit
June 17-18, 2002
High Performance Mobile
Network
2
Mobile Command Center
[Gantt tasks 41-44]

Originally data acquisition
trailer
– 8’ x 16’

Upgraded to self propelled
vehicle
– 2003 Chevy Crew cab
– 8’ x 15’ van body
3
Mobile Command Center

Self propelled vehicle
– Maneuverability
– Faster deployment (aftershock monitoring)
– Lower operation cost vs. renting a pickup
(~$12k/yr)
– Storage cabinets for data loggers
4
Overhead View
Rear
Entry
Rack
Mount
5
Streetside View
6
Curbside View
7
Pictures (June 11, 2003)
8
LAN & Telepresence System
[Gantt tasks 48-62]

Comprised of two separate networks
– Field-LAN


Mobile command center
Wireless telemetry
– Campus-LAN

Connection to NEESgrid
services via the campus
backbone and Internet2 at Gbps
9
Networking Equipment

Wireless Equipment
– Enterasys RoamAbout wireless bundle
including access points, wireless adapters
and antennas

Routers/Switches
– Cisco 2651XM router
– Cisco 3550-12T gigabit switches
– 1000Base-T network cards for Sun and PCbased servers
10
Field-LAN
11
Wireless Network
Data Concentrator
Sensor
stations
Wireless Backbone
Workgroup
Access
points
12
Field-LAN Throughput

Wireless Network
– Nominally 54 Mbps

Intra-Mobile Command Center
– Server to server 1 Gbps
– MCC network can be connected to
Campus-LAN (hardwired) for Gbps
connectivity

Satellite uplink
– ~1.544 Mbps
13
Satellite time costs



Desired throughput 1.28 Mbps up
Low end solution (Hughes/DirectPC)
– Hardware costs - < $3000
– Operations ~$100/month
– Shared bandwidth, w/ nominal 56k up
Medium end solution (Tachyon, Inc.)
– Hardware costs - $20k to 100k
– Operations - $2000/month
– Shared bandwidth, w/ nominal 256k up & 1.544 Mbps
down
14
Satellite time costs

High end solution
– Stratos




Hardware costs - $200k
Operations – $19k/month for unlimited minutes
Dedicated bandwidth of 1.544 Mbps up,
purchase FCC license
Stratos developing new pricing model – April 03
– Globecast North America



Hardware costs - ~$150k-200k
Operations - $5k/month for 2500 minutes
Dedicated bandwidth of 1.544 Mbps up & 512
kbps down
15
Telepresence Equipment

Digital video camera (2x)

Axis 2400 video server (2x)

Axis 2191 audio server

Telepresence server
16
Appendix
Wireless Networking

Benefits
– Eliminates high cost of wiring and rewiring
– Network access in places that are difficult or
impossible to wire
– Easier installation than wired networks
– Flexibility and mobility of clients
– Potential range of 1500’ line-of-sight
18
Wireless Networking

Disadvantages
– Interference cuts down on throughput,
range and reliability
– Many forms of interference

Fog, rain, dust storms, concrete, mirrors,
lead, other wireless devices, other wireless
networks
– Security issues – Networks not properly
secured pose potential threats from
hackers
19
Wireless Networking

Overcoming the disadvantages
– Throughput


Although 802.11b has a maximum of 11Mbps
throughput (5-6Mbps actual), 802.11a provides
for increased throughput, 4-5 times as much
actual
Increased throughput should allow for
multimedia applications like streaming video
20
Wireless Networking
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11a
Frequency range
2.40 GHz (ISM band)
5.15 to 5.35 GHz (UNII band)
Data rate
1 to 11 Mbps
6 to 54 Mbps
Range in free space (dependent
on the data rate)
120 meters (11 Mbit) to 460
meters (1 Mbit)
30 (54 Mbit) to 300 meters (6
Mbit)
Range in rooms (dependent on
the data rate)
30 (11 Mbit) to 90 meters (1
Mbit)
12 meters (54 Mbit) to 90
meters (6 Mbit)
Number of independent
channels
3
8
Number of users supported per
Access Point
192
512
Application
Data
Multimedia
Protocol
TCP/IP
21
Wireless Networking

Overcoming the disadvantages
– Interference



Bridges and signal boosters can be used to
strengthen the signal at various points
throughout the network
SOHO retail devices can boost signals around
20-30%, although commercial devices can boost
the signal to range of 5 miles
802.11a transmits at a higher frequency, making
it incompatible (therefore, non-interfering) with
802.11b and other wireless devices
22
Wireless Networking
– Bridge



Used to extend the distance of an access point
It communicates wirelessly with both access
points and wireless adapters, and is used to
connect wireless segments to wireless
segments
It takes the communication from access points
and rebroadcasts it to wireless adapters, and
vice versa
23
Wireless Networking

Overcoming the disadvantages
– Security

WEP (Wired-Equivalent Protection) can be used
to secure the network using a minimum 64bit128bit encryption for 802.11b and up to 256bit
encryption for 802.11a devices
24
Wireless Networking
– WEP (Wired-Equivalent Protection)




WEP is the security component of basic
wireless networking
WEP prevents unauthorized users from gaining
access to your network via wireless connection
by encrypting transmitted data
For WEP to work, it must be configured on both
the access point and on the wireless adapter(s)
and the settings must match
Both 64bit and 128bit WEP encryption are
typically offered on 802.11b wireless products
25
Cisco Catalyst 3550-12T 12 port
Multilayer Switch


The Catalyst 3550-12T
Switch features ten
10/100/1000BaseT ports
and two Gigabit Interface
Converter (GBIC)-based
1000BaseX ports for
connectivity to other media
($10,000)
Gigabit speeds over
category 5e copper wire
makes for simple
integration to any existing
network
26
Cisco 2651XM High Performance
10/100 Modular Router



10/100BASE-TX Modular
access router with one
Network Module (NM) slot,
two WAN Interface Card (WIC)
slots, and one Advanced
Integration Module (AIM) slot
($3,300)
2 - Ethernet 10BaseT/100Base-TX - RJ-45 ports
Serial WAN interface card
($300-500)
27
Cisco 2651XM High Performance
10/100 Modular Router




1 x Motorola MPC860 80 MHz
RISC processor
64MB RAM (installed) / 128MB
RAM (maximum)
16MB Flash memory
(installed) / 48MB Flash
memory (maximum)
40 kpps maximum throughput
28
Intel® PRO/1000 XT PCI Server
Adapter



Intel® PRO/1000 XT PCI
Server Adapter reduces
bottlenecks and increases
bandwidth ($200)
10/100/1000 autonegotiation lets you
automatically run at the
speed of the network
Gigabit over cat 5 cables
allows for simple scalability
29
Sun GigaSwift Ethernet UTP
Adapter



The Sun GigaSwift Ethernet
UTP PCI Adapter provides
high bandwidth
connections through
copper media at gigabit
speed ($1500)
Works with 10/100
networks as well
Compatible with all Ultra
and Blade workstations as
well as Enterprise and
Netra servers
30
Enterasys RoamAbout


The RoamAbout family is
based on two key
components: the Access
Point 2000 and an 11 Mbps
2.4 GHz Direct Sequence
Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
wireless Ethernet PC Card
Yagi and omnidirectional
antennas are used to
shoot the signal from the
building to the MCC
31