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Southern Methodist University Fall 2003 EETS 8316/NTU CC745-N Wireless Networks Lecture 12: EDGE Instructor: Jila Seraj email: [email protected] http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/ tel: 214-505-6303 EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #1 Housekeeping Exam 12/04 at 6:30 pm Duration one hour Distant students can take it anytime before 12/17. Please contact your proctor immediately. The exam is available from 12/04. Homework #3 is on the web. Deadline Dec 5th for in-campus students and Dec 12th for others. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #2 Outline EDGE Classic and Compact GERAN EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #3 Review, UMTS Architecture CN CN : Enhanced GSM/GPRS CN Iu UTRAN RN: UTRAN Uu UE UTRAN CN UE UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Core Network User Equipment EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #4 Review, UMTS reference model Application services 2G network Roaming GW HLR IP CSCF RAN Iu 3G SGSN 3G GGSN 3G MSC EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING PSTN GW PSTN #5 Review, UMTS reference model CSCF = Call State Control Function responsible for call state control functions, service switching function, address translation, vocoder negotiation to support VoIP Call state is a set of states identified in the process of completing a call. Obvious examples of call state are: Call attempt, Called number reception, Called number translation, Feature Activation, Called party Alert, through connection, Calling Party Release, etc… EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #6 Review, UTRAN Architecture Core Network Iu Iu RNS Iur RNS RNC RNC Iub Node B EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 Iub Iub Node B Node B SMU ENGINEERING Iub Node B #7 Review, Functions of UTRAN Components RNC — Uplink/downlink signal transfer, mobility, soft handoff —Upper outer loop/ downlink power control, —Common control channels —Very similar to BSC functions EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #8 Review, Functions of UTRAN Components Node B: — Logical node, maintains link with UE — Responsible for radio transmission for one or more cells, adds/removes radio links on demand, — Mapping logical resources to physical resources, — Upper inner loop power control, — Interconnecting UE from different manufacturers. —Similar to BTS function EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #9 Review, UTRAN Interfaces Uu: Between Node B and UE (WCDMA) Iub: Between Node B and RNC (ATM) Iur: Between various RNCs (ATM) Iu: Between the Core Network and the RNC (IP over ATM) EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #10 Review, Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces UTRAN consists of —Radio Network Layer (specific to UTRAN itself) —Transport Network Layer (standard technology: ATM) EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #11 Review, Protocol Model for UTRAN Interfaces The UTRAN specific protocols include —Radio Access Network Application Part: Radio Network Signaling over the Iu. —Radio Network Subsystem Application Part: Radio Network Signaling over the Iur. —Iub interface uses node B application protocol (NBAP). EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #12 Review, UTRAN Interfaces Iur Interface (RNC <-> RNC) —point-to-point open interface, —macro-diversity support, —transport signaling for mobility and radio resource allocation. Node B Iub RNC Node B Node B EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING Iu Iur RNC #13 Review, UTRAN Interfaces Iub Interface (RNC <-> Node B) — interconnection of equipment from different manufacturers, — allows Abis (GSM/GPRS transmission sharing), — transports DCH, RACH, FACH and DSCH data, — enables negotiation of radio resources between node B and RNC EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #14 EDGE EDGE= Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution EGPRS = Enhanced General Packet Radio Services EDGE is an enhancement to GPRS Maximum of 473 kbps if all 8 time slots are used EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #15 EDGE Introduces concept of “Link Adaptation” in wireless for maximum throughput in variable radio conditions The data rates are tripled. The magic is in introduction of 8-PSK modulation that can carry 3 bits per symbols 8-PSK = Octagonal Phase Shift Keying EGPRS impact is mainly in RF and MAC EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #16 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network GERAN = GSM EDGE Radio Access Network Motivation —All IP Network —Low cost of operation —One platform —support of new services —Support for different access networks EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #17 Requirements GERAN Spectrum efficient support for VoIP, (endto-end IP-based voice service), Quality TDMA Support of new IP multimedia services, Future proof Alignment with UMTS/UTRAN service classes and QoS Common GPRS and GSM Core Network for EDGE and UTRAN EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #18 Requirements on GERAN .. Integration of all services over IP infrastructure Support for COMPACT and VoIP/COMPACT EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #19 GERAN GERAN connects to PS CN through Iu-ps for R4 and R5 terminals (New protocols) and Gb for R97 and R99 Iu-ps terminals (LLC and SNDCP protocols) GERAN TE MT R Um BSS Gb Iu-cs A GERAN connects to CS CN through Iu-cs or A EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU 3G SGSN SGSN Server MGW SGSNN 3G MSC MSC Server MGW MSC ENGINEERING #20 GERAN Interfaces Gb —GPRS interface not suitable for RT transmission —LLC+RLC both ARQ protocols —IP instead of FR Iu-ps —UTRAN PS, IP, QoS, AAL5/ATM , possibly IP over SDH EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #21 New Features in EGPRS Rel 4. Delayed TBF Release —In bursty traffic, many call set up and release makes inefficient use of resources. By delaying release of TBF, and sending dummy LLC frames to mobile, the link is kept alive. Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC) — When sending neighbour information, cell system information is also sent to mobile. When handing off, mobiles has all the data it needs. Speeds up handoff. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #22 New Features in EGPRS Rel 5 Delayed TBF Release —In bursty traffic, many call set up and release makes inefficient use of resources. By delaying release of TBF, and sending dummy LLC frames to mobile, the link is kept alive. Network Assisted Cell Change (NACC) — When sending neighbour information, cell system information is also sent to mobile. When handing off, mobiles has all the data it needs. Speeds up handoff. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #23 COMPACT System Concept First 200 kHz carrier —1/3 reuse. —CPBCCH (Compact Packet BCCH) Transmits discontinuously ( at certain time). —Synchronization of base stations and time split into four time groups provide an effective 4/12 reuse for broadcast and common control channels. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #24 COMPACT System Concept —All Traffic and dedicated channels on the rest of TS are reuse 1/3. Support for paging for TDMA/136 circuit switched. Minimum deployment: 3 carriers, 0.6 MHz plus guard bands. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #25 EDGE Compact There is a Base station synchronization concept in GSM —GSM BTS synch is used only on the traffic channels TCH that has FH in Fractional loading planning (FLP)to avoid Co-channel and adjacent channel interference in reuse 1/3 and smaller. —The BCCH is transmitting continuously with 5/15 and higher reuse. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #26 Reuse 1/3 EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #27 Compact EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #28 Evolution of 2G Cellular Technologies 2G 3G IS-95B CDMA GSM cdma2000 W-CDMA FDD TDD GPRS IS-136 TDMA EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 EDGE & 136 HS outdoor UWC-136 SMU ENGINEERING 136 HS indoor #29 Quality-of-Service: What, Why? Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability of a network element (e.g. an application, host or router) to have some level of assurance that its traffic and service requirements can be satisfied. • Newer applications with multimedia content • Demands of convergence • More bandwidth ? • User perception of service quality can be translated to network flow parameters such as delay and delay variation. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #30 Guidelines for providing QoS to users •QoS perceived by the user must be end-toend. • Parameters defining QoS of a flow must be fewer and simpler. • QoS definition must be compatible with all kinds of applications. • Must be able to quantify and enforce. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #31 UMTS-specific requirements (contd.) •QoS parameter control on peer to peer basis between mobile and 3G gateway node • UMTS QoS control mechanism should map applications QoS profile to UMTS services. Applications may be required to state their QoS requirement. • UMTS QoS capable services should work with other networking architectures. • Only finite set of QoS definitions supported. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #32 UMTS-specific requirements (contd.) • Multiple traffic streams per session. • Lower overhead for QoS related operations; higher resource utilization. • Re-negotiation should be possible after QoS parameter values have been agreed upon dynamic QoS. • User mobility should be supported in the QoS framework. EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #33 Traffic cases for QOS Conversational RT media, delay sensitive delay variation sensitive (VoIP, Conferencing,..) Streaming Delay variations sensitive Audio and video relaxed absolute delay than conversational (buffering required) EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #34 Traffic cases for QOS Interactive none real time, delay sensitive (WWW, ftp, remote databases, ..) Background none RT (e.mail, SMS, ftp,..) EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #35 QoS attributes for Traffic Classes Traffic Class Maximum bit rate Guaranteed bit rate Delivery order Transfer delay Conversational Streaming x x x x Yes Yes x x Traffic handling priority Allocation/ retention priority Source statistics descriptor EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 Interactive Background x x No No x x x x x SMU ENGINEERING x x #36 QoS Characteristics of UMTS Classes Very important 1 0.9 Conversational Streaming Interactive Background 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 less important 0.2 0.1 0 delay EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 throughput SMU ENGINEERING retransmission #37 QoS supported Interactive supported in R99 Background supported in R99 Conversational R5 Streaming R4 EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #38 Useful Links http://www.3gpp.org/TB/GERAN/GERAN. htm http://www.3gpp.org/ EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #39 WAP Wireless Access Protocol (WAP Started with Ericsson, Nokia and Motorola WAP goal is —Open standards —Internet WWW application development model —Wireless network technology and bearer independence —Device independence —Embrace and extend existing standards EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #40 WAP (cont) Strength —Widespread presentation —90% of all handset manufacturers are committed —Carriers representing nearly 100 million subscribers worldwide have joined WAP EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #41 WAP (cont) Why not adopt internet protocols? Limitations of wireless handheld devices —Small display —Limited memory —Limited keyboard Limitations of wireless networks —Limited bandwidth —High latency —Limited computing environment EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #42 Benefits of WAP WWW-based applications Interoperability across network types Efficient use of wireless network resources EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #43 Key Features of WAP Markup language Script Language —Designed to create services for small handheld terminals Wireless technology applications framework —Access to telephony related functions Lightweight protocol stack —designed to minimize required bandwidth and impact on latency EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #44 WAP Architecture Client WAP User Agents WAP Protocol Stack WSP Request WAP Gateway/ Proxy Encoders Decoders WSP Response EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 Protocol Conversion SMU ENGINEERING Origin Server HTTP Request CGI Scripts HTTP Response WML WMLcript #45 WAP Protocols and Standards WAP stack design goal Avoid establishment and tear down phases —Optimize for short request-response transactions Support wide range of wireless networks —Datagram is the most common transport service Minimize number of packets sent over the air —Moving data around is expensive —Avoid resending same (static) information EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #46 WAP Protocols and Standards (cont) HTTP Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) TLS-SSL UDP IP Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) UDCP USSD EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 UDP IP (ICMP) SMS SMU Etc ENGINEERING GPRS CDPD #47 WAP Protocols and Standards (cont) Runs over wireless networks including GSM, SMS/USSD and IP networks Has minimal requirements on bandwidth and CPU power Is based on HTTP/1.1 with necessary enhancement EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #48 Wireless Application Environment (WAE) Wireless markup language (WML) —Lightweight markup language similar to HTML. Optimized for hand-held mobile devices WML script —Similar to Java Script, light weight scripting language EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #49 Wireless Application Environment (WAE) Wireless Telephony Application (WTA, WTAI) —A framework and programming interface for telephony services Wireless BitMaP (WBMP) EETS 8316/NTU TC 745, Fall 2003 SMU ENGINEERING #50