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Key Network Architecture Enablers for
Wavelength-on-Demand and L1VPN Services
Chris Liou, Infinera
Vijay Vusirikala, Infinera
Outline
 Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services &
Layer1 VPN Applications
 Key Application Requirements
 Architectural Considerations
 A Digital Optical Networking Approach
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 2
Outline
 Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services &
Layer1 VPN Applications
 Key Application Requirements
 Architectural Considerations
 A Digital Optical Networking Approach
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 3
What is a L1VPN?
 A Layer 1 network abstraction that presents a secure,
dedicated transport network to the end customer
 An alternative to a dedicated physical Layer1 network
 May co-exist with other L1VPN instances on the same physical
carrier network
 Provides end-customer with control & visibility over Layer 1
services between Customer Edges (CEs)
 Comprised of a set of CEs & the VPN connections provided by the
provider (between Provider Edges (PEs))
 Varied levels of network management control & visibility
 Standards efforts in progress (IETF, ITU-T)
 GMPLS playing a key role in signaling & routing
 E.g., draft-ietf-l1vpn-*, ITU-T SG13
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L1VPN Example
 Multiple dynamically reconfigurable L1VPNs can co-exist


on single carrier network
Enables secure, self-configurable & viewable sub-network
Streamlines customization of dedicated customer virtual
network
Customer 1
Customer 2
CNM
System
1
1
GMPLS
2
1
2
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L1VPN & Dynamic WoD Drivers
 Basis for new service offerings for wholesale carriers
 An alternative to leased point-to-point waves
 Rapid reconfigurability of L1 services with minimal carrier intervention
 Shifts onus of capacity planning away from carrier and into customer’s own
hands
 Facilitates internal carrier partitioning of common L1 network
 Streamline carrier’s servicing of internal capacity requests
 E.g., wholesale carrier providing IP organization with self-configurable L1
transport VPN
 Dynamic real-time reconfigurability enables many applications




Dynamic load-sharing based on capacity-on-demand
One-time high bandwidth broadcast events
Timesharing of network capacity
Short-term capacity lease
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 6
Outline
 Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services &
Layer1 VPN Applications
 Key Application Requirements
 Architectural Considerations
 A Digital Optical Networking Approach
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 7
Key Elements of L1 VPNs
Management Plane
• End-to-end VPN visualization (CNM) & administration
• FCAPS
• Network planning
Control Plane - GMPLS/ASON
• Topology discovery
• Route computation
• Service provisioning and restoration
Data Plane
• Scalable transport & bandwidth management
• Multi-service support
• Protection and restoration
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Key Elements of L1VPNs
Data Plane Considerations
 Service transparency
 Zero modifications to wave service
 Flexible service mix/options for customer
 Multi-rate, multi-protocol
 Flexible delivery options for carrier
 Efficient network & resource utilization
 Future-proof for future higher-speed services (40G, 100GE)
 Any-to-any capacity delivery
 Carrier-controlled restrictions on data path
 Customer options for path diversity
 Security
 Misconnection detection & avoidance
 Isolation between multiple L1VPNs
 Data path protection & restoration
 Options for protection from network failures
 Layer 1 preemption capability
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 9
Key Elements of L1VPNs
Control Plane Considerations
 On-demand “touchless” reconfigurability
 Intelligent control plane for streamlined, automated
routing & provisioning
 Minimal OpEx & lead-times
Evolution path towards dynamic UNI signaling (CE-PE)

 Secure & isolated control plane functions
 Zero interaction between multiple VPNs
 Data & Control Plane separation
 Data plane unaffected by control plane failures
 Customer traffic engineering options for route
diversity
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 10
Key Elements of L1VPNs
Management Plane Considerations
 Customer Network Management (CNM)
 Customer-specific management views of topology, capacity, traffic,
services
 Automated synchronization with VPN topology
 Carrier management of L1VPNs
 Bi-directional APIs for advanced service management applications
 E.g., policy control
 Ease of administration
 L1VPN configuration management
 Reconfigurability for future L1VPN needs (e.g., higher capacity
between sites)
 Appropriate hooks for policy management integration
 Ease of troubleshooting
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 11
L1VPN Abstraction
 CNM view provides L1VPN
Customer Network Management view
abstraction
20G 
 Dedicated capacity provisioned

between customer sites
End-to-end abstraction excludes
intermediate NE’s
 Benefits of L1 VPN control
without deploying full WDM
network
 Customer nodal sites dynamically

manage bandwidth
Leverage carrier field operations
 Varying degrees of data & control
plane isolation
 Overlay vs shared GMPLS model
 Dedicated vs shared switching
Carrier
EMS/NMS
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 12
Outline
 Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services &
Layer1 VPN Applications
 Key Application Requirements
 Architectural Considerations
 A Digital Optical Networking Approach
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 13
L1VPN Service Model Options
Discussion
 Pre-established vs. On-demand PE-PE capacity
 PE-PE cross-sectional capacity needs may evolve over

time
On-demand link sizing encourages sharing of capacity
across multiple customers
 Shared vs. dedicated per-VPN switching
 L1 switching function for each VPN can reside “on” or

“off-net”
Off-net switching creates natural security partition
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 14
L1VPN Service Model Options (contd.)
Discussion
 Management vs. Signaling based provisioning
 Specifies how dynamic circuit configuration is accomplished
 Signaling based model generally more broadly discussed
 Overlay vs. Peering signaling model (CE-PE)
 Signaling only vs. Signaling + Routing model (aka, Basic vs
Enhanced Mode
– Routing enables automated membership & TE link information
exchange
 Virtual Node vs. Virtual Link model
 Differing abstraction levels of L1VPN capacity
 Virtual Link is currently finding favor
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 15
L1VPN Service Level Requirements
Discussion
 Accounting Reporting
 Security of provider-customer communication
 Data-, control-, and management planes
 Data integrity, confidentiality, authentication, and
access control





Class of Service (e.g., Availability Class)
Performance Reporting
Fault Reporting
Connectivity Reporting
Policy (e.g., path computation policy, CE-CE
signaling pass-through, etc.)
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 16
Optical Architecture Options for L1VPNs
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O
O
O
O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O O O
O
O
O
O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O
ODXC
O O O
O-E-O
O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
Local Add/Drop
Optical Digital CrossConnect (ODXC)
 Separate switching + WDM
 Digital sub-l switch: ODUk
or STS-1/VC-4
 OEO conversion of 100% of
WDM traffic
 Add/drop, switch, groom
100% of line capacity
Local Add/Drop
ROADM/WSS
 All-optical wavelength
switching
 No wavelength conversion
 No sub-l switch, mux and
grooming without separate
OEO
 Transponders only for local
Local Add/Drop
Digital Optical
Networking
 Integrated switching + WDM
 Digital sub-l ODUk switch
 Add/drop, switch, groom
100% of line capacity
 Client optics only for local
add/drop
add/drop
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 17
Outline
 Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services &
Layer1 VPN Applications
 Key Application Requirements
 Architectural Considerations
 A Digital Optical Networking Approach
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 18
Digital Optical Networking
Full Reconfigurability at Every Node
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sub-l add/drop
Digital switching
Signal regeneration
PM & Error correction
Digital Protection
Digital OAMP
Integrated Photonics
Integrated Photonics
Digital Electronics
& Software
 Use (analog) photonics for what it
does best: WDM transmission
 Use (digital) electronics for
everything else
 Digital add/drop, switching,
grooming, PM and protection…
 …at every node
 Unconstrained digital add/drop
 Any service at any node
 End-end service delivery
independent of physical path
 Robust digital PM and protection
 Digital OAMP & management
Truly unconstrained reconfigurable optical networking
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 19
So why hasn’t Digital Networking been implemented?
Because OEO’s are expensive! Discrete Optics
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Receive
Single WDM channel
----------------
times 32, 40 or 80 wavelengths
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 20
Infinera’s Photonic Integrated Circuit Innovation
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Transmit
100 Gb/s Receive
5mm
100 Gb/s Receive
 Direct Benefits
 Size, power, cost, reliability
 Strategic Benefits
 Low-cost OEO conversion allows a Digital Optical
Network paradigm
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 21
Benefits of Electronics in Optical Networks
Reconfigurable Switching
Dispersion Compensation
- Wide choice of switching/grooming
granularity (VC-4, ODU-1, packet)
- Fundamental to managing and
grooming customer services
- Highest level of reconfigurability
- FFE and DFE can compensate
upwards of 1000ps/nm
- MLSE can correct upwards of
3000ps/nm dispersion
- Significant space savings vs. DCF
Reach Improvement
PM and Operations
- G.709 standard defines 6dB gain FEC
(Reed-Solomon)
- High-gain FEC provides optical gain of
8dB to 9dB
- Corrects BER of 10-3 to BER of 10-17
- OTH and SONET/SDH Overhead
- Extensive digital PM at all OEO nodes
- J0/B1, BIP-8
- FEC bit error rate monitoring
- Communication channels for OAM&P
- SONET/SDH DCC and OTH TCM
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 22
Evolving to OTN Bandwidth Management
SONET/SDH Networking
DS1/3 & E1/3
OC48/STM-16
OC3/STM-1
OC192/STM-64
OC12/STM-4
STS-1/VC-4
switching
1
.....
OC48/STM-16
OTN Networking
 Digital sub-l bandwidth
management
 End-end digital OAMP & PMs
OCh (DWDM)
GbE
 Robust digital protection
at 11.1 Gb/s
 End-end
service
management
10 GbE
LAN PHY
l
OC48/STM-16
OC192/STM-64
Optical/Wavelength Networking
(R)OADM switching
l1 …lN
l1 …lN
l i, l j
OTU1/OTU2
ODU1 (2.5G)
switching
ln
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
 Digital sub-l bandwidth management
 End-end
digital OAMP & PMs
 Multi-service
support
 Robustservice
digitaltransport
protection
 Transparent
End-end service
management
 WDMscalability
and reach
 Multi-service support
 Transparent service transport
 WDM scalability and reach
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 23
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
Integrated Sub-l Bandwidth Management
O
O O O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O
O
O
O-E-O
O
O
OXC
O O O
ODU1 bandwidth
management
O
O
O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O-E-O
O
O-E-O
OTUk services
Conventional WDM Networks
 Separate WDM & OTN layers
 Sub-l grooming only with
ODXC
 Manual grooming complexity or
extra cost for ODXC
Digital Optical Network - OTN
 Integrated WDM and OTN
bandwidth management
 Sub-l grooming at every node
 End-end service management,
PM and OAM
Integrated end-end OTN digital optical networking at every node
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 24
Digital Optical Network - Characteristics
 100G digital bandwidth increments
 Readily deployable capacity usable by any service
 Rapid service deployment
 Service activation is decoupled from transmission layer design and
constraints
Enables efficient protection and restoration schemes
Integrated sub-wavelength bandwidth management
Automated GMPLS end-to-end service activation
Built-in PRBS testing for service readiness






Digital Optical Networking approach provides futureproofing for 40G & 100GbE
Ease of reconfigurability at data plane, control plane and
management plane
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 25
Dynamically Reconfigurable Bandwidth
GMPLS UNI
Router C
A
C
B
D
Router A
Router B
GMPLS
UNI
Router D
Dynamically allocatable IP capacity
Baseline IP layer connectivity
IP Virtual Network Topology
 Applications of dynamically reconfigurable bandwidth
 Dynamic IP load balancing between routers
 Multiple circuits to time-share same bandwidth (“Time of day” services)
 Digital Optical Networking unlocks full value of GMPLS UNI
 100G+ service-ready capacity on each link
 Agnostic to transmission constraints
 2.5G switching granularity
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 26
Super-l Next-gen Services
 PIC enabled Digital Optical Networks provide scalable DWDM line
capacity to accommodate higher speed services (e.g., 100G)
 As IP Link sizes exceed optical line rate, IP core requires “Super-l”
services
100G
Layer 1/0
DWDM
Photonic
Integrated
Circuit
G.709 &
other logic
100G Serdes
100GbE SR
<100G>
100GbE SR
100GbE MAC
Packet Proc.
Layer 3/2
Router
Fiber
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 27
L1VPN Evolution
 L1 VPNs should scale in two dimensions to
accommodate future evolution
 L1VPN Size and Traffic growth
 Control plane and management plane to scale

accordingly
 Ease of reconfigurability of both logical circuits &
cross-connect capacity needs to be maintained
New Services
 Today most L1VPN designs want 1G-10G
 … with path to 40G & 100GbE services
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 28
Summary
 L1VPN architecture involves data plane, control plane and
management plane
 Key Characteristics of L1VPNs
 Scalability
 Ease of reconfigurability
 Customized control
 Digital Optical Networking Architecture provides key
benefits for L1VPNs
 Service layer decoupled from transmission layer
 Integrated sub-lambda bandwidth management
 End-to-end GMPLS intelligence
Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 29