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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
past, present and future
Michael Stanton [email protected]
RNP and CLARA
EELA Workshop
Itacuruçá, 24.06.2006
www.eu-eela.org
FP6−2004−Infrastructures−6-SSA-026409
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. A very brief history of academic networking in
Latin America
3. The ALICE project and RedCLARA
4. EELA NRENs in LA
5. Benefits for EU-LA cooperation in R&E
6. Conclusion
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Introduction to RedCLARA
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• New regional network in Latin America interconnecting
14 of the 18 targeted countries of the @LIS program of
the CE’s DGEuropeAid (see http://europa.eu.int/alis )
• Built by the ALICE project, coordinated by DANTE, and
with participation of 4 EU NRENs and existing and new
R&E initiatives from the targeted countries in LA (see
www.dante.net/alice)
– Objective of providing connectivity to Europe (GÉANT) and
enabling R&E collaboration between EU and targeted countries
in LA
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Countries targeted by @LIS
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Argentina (AR)
Brazil (BR)
Bolivia (BO) †
Chile (CL)
Colombia (CO)
Costa Rica (CR)
Cuba (CU) †
Ecuador (EC)
El Salvador (SV)
Guatemala (GT)
Honduras (HN) †
Mexico (MX)
Nicaragua (NI)
Panama (PA)
Paraguay (PY) †
Peru (PE)
Uruguay (UY)
Venezuela (VE)
† country not yet connected to RedCLARA
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RedCLARA topology –2006
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Main features:
• 155 Mbps backbone
ring
(BR, AR, CL, PA,
MX)
• Spur links from 10
to 45 Mbps to other
countries
• 622 Mbps link from
Brazil to GÉANT in
Madrid
• Routers by Cisco
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A history of R&E networking in LA
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Starting in 1986, LA
countries participated in
R&E networking through
BITNET and Internet
– Table shows date of first
connections
• With emergence of
commercial Internet in
1990s, many NRENs in LA
became “uncompetitive” and
closed or became
commercial
• Resurgence of dedicated
NRENs after 2002 with ALICE
project
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MX CL BR NI
UY PY VE AR CR
e-mail
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e-mail
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Telecom infrastructure
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Until around 2000, only satellites available for data
networks
– cost independent of distance
– no incentive for establishing links within the region
Thus, US became the LA network hub
• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):
– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries
 competition and lower prices
 new transnational operators (from US, EU and MX)
– new submarine fibre optic cables (from 2000)
New topologies possible and cheap
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Advanced networks pre-RedCLARA
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
AmPath (www.ampath.net)
• used Global Crossing
(South America Crossing)
• links from AR, BR (2), CL,
VE to Miami
• 45 Mbps
Mexico
• cross-border connections
to USA (Texas and
California)
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NRENs in LA before ALICE
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• With dedicated int’l “advanced” R&E connections:
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela
• With dedicated int’l connectivity:
Costa Rica, Cuba, Uruguay
• All other national R&E initiatives of the 1990s had
either been abandoned or had become commercial
ISPs (as in PA and PE)
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CLARA – a regional R&E networking
organisation for LA
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• EU’s IST funded the CAESAR project (2002-2003), a feasibility
study of establishing an LA connection to GÉANT, conducted by
DANTE, FCCN (PT) and RedIRIS (ES)
• At the CAESAR workshop in Toledo in 2002, participants from 12
LA countries resolved to create a regional R&E organisation, like
TERENA, for LA
• CLARA was incorporated in Uruguay in 2003, and currently has 15
members from the targeted countries, and has as aims:
– to promote advanced R&E networking in LA
– to build and operate a regional R&E network connected to the global
R&E internet
(see www.redclara.net)
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
The ALICE project
• The CAESAR feasibility study led to the submission to the EC of
the ALICE project, coordinated by DANTE, with the participation of
NRENs from FR, ES, IT and PT, and of networking initiatives from
18 LA countries, coordinated through CLARA
• The main objective of ALICE is to provide good R&E connectivity
from the targeted LA countries to GÉANT, through the
establishment of a regional LA network (RedCLARA) with a single
link to Europe
• ALICE was approved in 2003 with a budget of 12.5 M€, including
CE contribution of 10 M€ and 2.5 M€ from LA partners
• LA partners have participated extensively in ALICE project
management, as well as in the design, deployment and operation
of the RedCLARA network and its external links
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Economics of LA networking
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Western Europe
Transatlantic
RedCLARA ring, PE, Central America and
VZ, UY
Andes
Cuba, Paraguay
• Wide variations in telecom costs in LA reflect the fact
that some countries have more developed and
competitive markets than others.
(data from the ALICE connectivity tenders in 2003 and 2005)
• This has naturally led to the deployment of lower
bandwidth links to the high-cost countries, e.g. 10 Mbps
to Central America, Colombia and Ecuador.
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
RedCLARA rollout
• The initial connectivity tenders were conducted in
2003, and the first circuits were activated in Sep 2004
(CL-AR-BR-ES)
• The most recent addition was in Feb 2006 to Colombia,
the 14th country to be reached.
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Technical activities
• Most technical activities are under CLARA
responsibility, through the following bodies:
– Technical Forum (CLARA-TEC)
meets twice yearly and provides general oversight
– Network Engineering Group (NEG)
subcontracted to RNP (Brazil)
– Network Operations Centre (NOC)
subcontracted to CUDI (Mexico)
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RedCLARA connections to the US
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• In 2004, NSF launched the IRNC (International
Research Network Interconnections) programme
• CLARA participated in WHREN/LILA, the successful
proposal made by FIU and CENIC to create 2 new links
between the US and LA:
– San Diego to Tijuana (MX) – cross-border dark fibre
 shared by RedCLARA and CUDI (MX)
– Miami to São Paulo (BR)
 shared by RedCLARA, RNP and ANSP (BR)
(see http://whren.ampath.net)
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Augmented RedCLARA topology
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
US-W
US-E
New links are:
• MX US-W (3Q05)
initially 2x 1 Gbps
(CWDM)
– RedCLARA has 1
Gbps
• BR US-E (1Q06)
initially 1.2 Gbps
– capacity shared
between RedCLARA
and Brazilian partners
(RNP and ANSP)
1 – 2 Gbps
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WHREN-LILA PoPs
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EELA NRENs in Latin America
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• RedCLARA interconnects the NRENs of 14 countries in
LA.
• Here we give some information about these NRENs,
concentrating on countries involved in EELA
• These fall into 3 categories:
– “old” NRENs (i.e. those predating CLARA)
Argentina, Brazil, Chile, México, Venezuela
– “new” NRENs (i.e. created after CLARA)
Peru, Colombia (CO not EELA, but interested in grids)
– Unconnected NRENs:
Cuba
• As will be seen, there is great variation on the
networking infrastructure within the region
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Argentina: RETINA
• Red Teleinformática Académica
(www.retina.ar)
• Membership organisation
• Connects to RedCLARA (contract b/w is 90 Mbps)
through PoP-AR in Buenos Aires
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RETINA: connectivity
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Abundante
Media
Escasa
•4 with advanced connectivity
•8 in the near future
•57 with low speed connectivity
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Brazil: RNP
• Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa
(www.rnp.br)
• Private non-profit company contracted by Brazilian
government to operate and develop national network.
• Network use without charge for qualified connectors
(higher education and research).
• National backbone (up to 10 Gbps) provides
connectivity to all state capitals
• Access bandwidth up to 1 Gbps
• Access to RedCLARA (155 Mbps) at PoP-BR in S. Paulo
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RNP’s Ipê network (Nov 2005)
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Connections to all
26 state capitals
and Brasília:
• Network core
(12,000 km):
– 10 Gbps to 4
capitals
– 2.5 Gbps to 6
capitals
• Access links
– 34 Mbps to 11
capitals
– < 34 Mbps to
6 capitals
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Brazil: optical metro networks
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• The use of multigigabit backbone requires an urgent
solution to the Last Mile problem
• Since 2004, RNP is designing and deploying dark fibre
networks in state capitals based on:
– setting up condominia of user institutions for design and future
operation
– physically reach all campi of user institutions (to solve internal
access problems)
– install own fibre, if not possible to obtain access from current
fibre owners
– 15 M€ financing from federal government, complemented by
state and private contributions
– first networks to be deployed in 2006
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RNP: MetroBel and Redecomep
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Pilot project is for the city of Belém, capital of Pará
state (MetroBel project)
–
–
–
–
design began in 2004; network to be delivered by June, 2006
links 29 campi of 12 institutions in Belém metro area
own 48 and 36 core aerial cable being used
GigE switches used for communications
• Project Redecomep includes remaining 26 capitals,
with deployment by December, 2006.
– www.redecomep.rnp.br (in Portuguese)
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Belém: 30 km ring; 25 campi
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Chile: REUNA
• Red Universitária Nacional (www.reuna.cl)
• Membership organisation
• 155 Mbps backbone runs north-south from Arica to
Valdivia.
• Connects to RedCLARA (contract b/w is 90 Mbps) at
PoP-CL in Santiago
• Members connect to backbone and contract
international transit bandwidth through REUNA
• Note: UTFSM is not currently connected to REUNA or
to RedCLARA
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
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REUNA: topology
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Mexico - CUDI
• Corporación Universitária para el
Desarrollo del Internet (www.cudi.edu.mx)
• Membership organisation
• 155 Mbps backbone connections provided without cost
by TelMex and Avantel
• Access links paid for by connecting organisations –
current maximum is 34 Mbps
• International links through
– 2 cross border optical links at 1 Gbps to USA
– Link to RedCLARA PoP in Tijuana (contract is 45 Mbps)
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
CUDI: topology
•RedCLARA
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Venezuela – REACCIUN 2
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Red Académica de Centros de Investigación
y Universidades Nacionales (www.reacciun2.edu.ve)
• Network maintained by Ministry of S&T, through
CNTI (Centro Nacional de Tecnologias de Información)
• Phase I interconnects 8 universities to CNTI
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Universidad de Carabobo (UC)
Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) - Caracas
Universidad Simon Bolívar (USB) - Caracas
Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador (UPEL) - Caracas
Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA) – Barquisimeto
Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) – Mérida
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) - Altos de
Pipe
– Universidad de Oriente (UDO) – Cumaná
• International links via RedCLARA and AMPATH (both at 45 Mbps)
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REACCIUN 2: geography
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
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REACCIUN 2: topology
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
CNTI
7609
1 STM-1 = 155 Mbps
1 E3 = 34 Mbps
STM-1
STM-1
E3
E3
ULA
7206 VXR
E3
UCLA
7206 VXR
E3
ATM
UCV
7206 VXR
E3
UDO
7206 VXR
E3
IVIC
7206 VXR
UC
7606
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E3
E3
USB
7206 VXR
UPEL
7206 VXR
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REACCIUN 2 – external connectivity
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
ULA
UCV
IVIC
UC
GLOBAL CROSSING
Miami
34 Mbps
UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL
DE FLORIDA
Miami
34 Mbps
34 Mbps
34 Mbps
Atlanta
45 Mbps
GLOBAL CROSSING
La Urbina, Caracas
155 Mbps
45 Mbps
Los Angeles
155 Mbps
CNTI
45 Mbps
45 Mbps
GLOBAL CROSSING
Tijuana
34 Mbps
34 Mbps
34 Mbps
34 Mbps
GLOBAL CROSSING
Sao Paulo
Madrid
UCLA
USB
UDO
UPEL
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GLOBAL CROSSING
Madrid
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
New NRENs in LA
• The @LIS programme and the ALICE project have led to a
resurgence of interest in dedicated R&E networks in LA.
• As a direct result new NRENs have been established in the
following countries:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CO (RENATA)
EC (CEDIA)
GT (RAGIE)
NI (RENIA)
PA (RedCyT)
PE (RAAP)
SV (RAICES)
• Some details on PE and CO follow.
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Peru: RAAP (with Daniel Díaz)
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Rede Académica Peruana (www.raap.org.pe)
• Membership organisation
• Currently, all connected institutions are located in the capital,
Lima:
1 - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM)
2 - Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (UNI)
3 - Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH)
4 - Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM)
5 - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP)
6 - Instituto Peruano de Energía Nuclear (IPEN)
7 - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Capacitación en Comunicaciones
(INICTEL)
• International link to RedCLARA PoP in Santiago (45 Mbps)
• Note that SENAMHI is not currently connected to RAAP or to
RedCLARA
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RAAP - architecture
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
INICTEL
to the
CLARA
PoP
CISCO 3725
IPEN
FE
Pontificia Universidad
Católica del Perú
PUCP
2 Mbps
CISCO 3725
FE
ACADEMIC
NAP
MPLS network
- VPN -
CISCO 3725
2 Mbps
UPCH
FE
CISCO 7204
FE
T3
FE
FE
CISCO 3725
FE
LAN
PUCP
La Molina
CISCO 3725
FE
10 Mbps
2 Mbps
FE
UNMSM
CISCO 3725
UNI
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Colombia: RENATA
• Red Nacional Academica de Tecnología Avanzada
• Supported by the national government
• NREN currently interconnects 6 regional networks with
links at 10 Mbps
• International connectivity to RedCLARA with 10 Mbps
link to PoP in Panamá
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Colombia: RENATA
(with Martha Giraldo)
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
REDES REGIONALES
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RENATA – present situation
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
NETWORKS:
 Bogotá – RUMBO
12 institutions
www.rumbo.edu.co
 Barranquilla – RUMBA
6 institutions
www.redrumba.edu.co
 Bucaramanga – UNIRED
9 institutions
www.unired.edu.co
 Cali – RUAV
8 institutions
www.ruav.edu.co
 Medellín – RUANA
8 institutions
 Popayán – RUP
7 institutions
www.rup.unicacuca.edu.co
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Under study:
6 Regional
Networks,
50 institutions








Armenia
Pereira
Manizales
Pasto
Santa Marta
Villavicencio
Montería
Tunja
Characteristics:
• National connectivity
(10Mbps)
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RedCLARA and EU-LA cooperation
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Main beneficiaries (applications formerly impractical)
– Bandwidth greedy applications (HD video)
– Intensive distributed computing (grids)
• First EU-IST collaboration projects using RedCLARA
connectivity
–
–
–
–
EELA
AugerAccess
EXPReS
RINGrid
- extension of EGEE to LA
- cosmic ray physics
- e-VLBI
- remote instrumentation in next-generation
grids
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CLARA and US collaborations
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• Apart from participating in the WHREN/LILA project, CLARA
maintains ongoing contacts with other initiatives in the US:
• FIU (AMPATH) has agreed to cede to CLARA the free use for 3
years of three 45 Mbps point-to-point connections on the Global
Crossing network, which may be converted into a single 155 Mbps
connection
• LAUREN (LA Universities R&E Network) has agreed to share with
CLARA a new 155 Mbps link between Santiago and São Paulo,
which will be operated by CLARA. LAUREN is also discussing
other similar possibilities within the region.
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Conclusion
• Achievements of RedCLARA:
– intra-LA traffic now remains within LA
 better service
 improved collaboration
– facilitates collaboration within LA and between EU and LA
 more than 700 universities in LA and 3500 in EU
 plus unique sites for scientific research, especially in geoand astrophysics, climate, oceanography, biodiversity,
environmental and human cultures
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RedCLARA sustainability
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
• RedCLARA deployment has depended heavily on the 80%
financing provided by EuropeAid
• Half of the participating NRENs (including all the new NRENs)
have only connected to RedCLARA since mid-2005
• ALICE Project lifetime currently expected to terminate in March,
2007 (+ a few months)
• To maintain the current international connectivity after March,
2007, of interest both to LA and EU, it is essential to seek
continued partial funding of RedCLARA from outside the region,
until the new NRENs are able to bear a fair share of these costs
• This subject has been discussed at the highest political levels in
April 2006 (EU-LAC ministerial forum, Lisbon) and May 2006 (EU
LAC summit of heads of state and heads of government, Vienna)
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Declaration of Lisbon, April 2006
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
13. We acknowledge the progress made in the interconnection
among the Latin American (redCLARA) and European (GEANT)
networks, which provides a solid basis for scientific bi-regional
cooperation, contributing to achieve the objectives adopted at the
World Summit on the Information Society of Tunis. In this regard,
we want to bring to the attention of the Heads of State and
Government the importance of maintaining the political and
financial support to initiatives that consolidate the ICT based
scientific collaboration space, such as redCLARA and its
interconnection with GEANT, to guarantee its continued operation
and bring an extension to the Caribbean region. We express our
support to the strengthening of EU-LAC research & development
cooperation, notably in the context of Seventh EU Framework
Programme for research, which will cover the period 2007-2013,
based on common priorities jointly identified and building on the
potential extension of the interconnection between redCLARA and
GEANT;
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Declaration of Vienna, May 2006
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
51. We recognise the role of Information and Communication
Technologies to support social cohesion, regional
integration and the competitiveness of our economies. We
attach great importance to working together towards their
further development in our regions, and towards the
promotion of universal, equitable and affordable access to
ICTs, notably through comprehensive strategies addressing
the new challenges and opportunities of technological
convergence.
We welcome the outcome and the declaration adopted at
the IV EU-LAC Ministerial Information Society Forum "An
alliance for social cohesion through digital inclusion" held
in Lisbon in April 2006. We acknowledge the encouraging
achievements of the on-going bi-regional activities in this
field and consider that it is important to maintain the
political and financial support to initiatives that consolidate
the ICT-based scientific collaboration space.
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E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
The future
• On the assumption that a solution will be found for
bridging the financial gap in 2007, CLARA will shortly
begin planning future evolution of the RedCLARA infrastructure, to meet expected demands for future traffic
• This future will probably also include improved
cooperation with US-led network projects, as already
evidenced in the WHREN/LILA project and recent
contacts with LAUREN (Latin American University R&E
Network), which is establishing links in Latin America
for support of scientific collaboration projects
FP6−2004−Infrastructures−6-SSA-026409
CLARA: past, present, future
Itacuruçá, 24.06.06
45
E-infrastructure shared between Europe and Latin America
Thank you very much!
www.redclara.net
FP6−2004−Infrastructures−6-SSA-026409
CLARA: past, present, future
Itacuruçá, 24.06.06
46