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Internet Technologies CSC457 1 Internet • Internet is a communication technology. • Like telephone it enables people to communicate. • Telephones enabled voice communication. Internet enables data communication. • Because it spans many countries Internet is called the global network. • Other networks were: BITNET, FIDONET, JANET, EARN. 2 Information Infrastructure • Internet provides a new infrastructure for communications like postal system, telegraph, and telephone did earlier. • New infrastructure makes new industries and application possible, some of which cannot be foreseen. 3 Evolution of the Internet • There are many different LAN technologies: Ethernet, Token Ring, ATM, etc. • Each has different ways to connect computers, format data packets, data transmission rates, etc and thus incompatible. • Desirability of a single network to enable resource sharing. 4 Evolution of the Internet • US DoD starts funding research on how to interconnect the networks. • 1969 ARPANET was developed this was the first Internet. • E-mail was adapted for ARPANET in 1972. • 1972 First public demonstration of ARPANET. • The telnet protocol, enabling logging on to a remote computer started in 1972. • The ftp protocol, enabling file transfers between Internet sites, started in 1973. 5 Evolution of the Internet • The first networking protocol used on the ARPANET was the Network Control Program. • In 1983, it was replaced with the TCP/IP protocol. • In 1993 first graphical browser Mosaic was developed. 6 GROWTH OF THE INTERNET 7 The Underlying Technologies What is inside the Internet? Or What are the key underlying technologies that make it work so successfully? – Packet Switching – Routers/Packet Switches – TCP/IP – Clients + Servers = Distributed Computing – Computer Names. 8 Applications • Some applications of the Internet: – World Wide Web (WWW) – Electronic Mail (Email) – Bulletin Boards (Newsgroups) – Audio & Video Services 9 Internet Topology Backbone Network Network Access Provider (NAP) Internet Service Provider (ISP) Users Users Users 10 Internet Topology (Detailed) Backbone Network R R R R R R R R NAP1 NAP2 NAP3 NAPn R R R R R R R R ISP ISP ISP ISP Users Users Users Users Users 11 The Way It Works • A typical user dials into an ISP using telephone to send a message. • The ISP routes the call to the internet through NAP. • It may cross the backbone network to reach the final destination. 12 A Typical ISP Subscribern modemn Subscriber3 modem3 Subscriber2 modem2 Subscriber1 modem1 Remote Access Server (RAS) Internet ISP Setup 13