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Wireless Control That Simply Works
Wireless Control That Simply Works
Wireless Sensors and Control Networks:
Enabling New Opportunities
June, 2005
Bob Heile
Chairman, ZigBee Alliance
Chair, IEEE 802.15
Copyright © 2005 ZigBee
TM
Alliance. All Rights Reserved.
Today’s Wireless Themes
Wireless Control That Simply Works
•
•
•
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Ubiquitous communication with focus on
interoperability, plug-and-play, IP, selforganizing networks and low power
High quality AV streaming
Bits/Hz/watt
Positioning & Location
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 2
The 802 Wireless Space
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WWAN
IEEE 802.22
Range
IEEE 802.20
WMAN
WiMax
IEEE 802.16
WLAN
ZigBee
802.15.4 Bluetooth
802.15.1
WPAN
0.01
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0.1
WiFi
802.11
1
10
Data Rate (Mbps)
802.15.3
802.15.3a
802.15.3c
100
1000
Slide 3
802.15.4 Application Space
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Sensors & Controls:
Home Automation
Industrial Automation
 Remote Metering
Automotive Networks
Interactive Toys
Active RFID/ asset tracking
Medical
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Slide 4
Sensor/Control Network
Requirements
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• Large networks (large number of devices and large
coverage area) that can form autonomously and
that will operate very reliably for years without any
operator intervention
• Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell), very
low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs)
and very low complexity and small size
• Device data rate and QoS needs are low
• Standardized protocols are necessary to allow
multiple vendors to interoperate
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Slide 5
What IEEE 802.15.4 Addresses
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• IEEE 802.15.4
Upper Layer Stack
– MAC and PHY only
Other LLC
IEEE 802.2 LLC
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz PHY
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IEEE 802.15.4
2400 MHz PHY
Slide 6
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So Why ZigBee?
• Needed an organization with a mission to define a
complete open global standard for reliable, costeffective, low-power, wirelessly networked
products addressing monitoring and control
• Alliance provides
• upper layer stack and application profiles
• compliance and certification testing
• branding
• Result is a set of recognizable, interoperable solutions
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Slide 7
Who is supporting the ZigBee Alliance?
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• Eight promoter companies
– Chipcon, Ember, Freescale, Honeywell,
Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips and Samsung
• A rapidly growing list (Now over 175) of
industry leaders from 29 countries
spanning 6 continents committed to
providing ZigBee-compliant products and
solutions
– Companies include chip suppliers, wireless IP
providers, OEMs, test equip manufacturers and
end users
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Slide 8
The ZigBee Platform
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Public Application Profile
Certified
Product
ZigBee Stack
IEEE 802.15.4
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Compliant
Platform
Slide 9
The ZigBee Platform
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Private Application Profile
ZigBee Stack
IEEE 802.15.4
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Compliant
Platform
Slide 10
Basic Radio Characteristics
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ZigBee technology relies
upon IEEE 802.15.4, which
has excellent performance
in low SNR environments
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Slide 11
Basic Network Characteristics
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• 65,536 network (client) nodes
• Optimized for timing-critical
applications and power
management
– Time to Join Network: <30ms
– Sleeping to active:
<15ms
– Channel access time: <15ms
• Full Mesh Networking Support
Network coordinator
Full Function node
Reduced Function node
Communications flow
Virtual links
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Slide 12
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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Slide 17
ZigBee Network Topologies
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Mesh
Star
Cluster Tree
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PAN coordinator
Full Function Device
Reduced Function Device
Slide 18
Cluster Tree Networks
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• Cluster tree networks enable a peer-peer
network to be formed with a minimum of
routing overhead.
20
12
CH2
14
11
4
8
13
6
DD/CH0
CH4
CH1
5
CH5
0
7
2
1
3
9
CH3
22
10
“Parent”
CH6
“Child”
Links indicate familial relationship, not communications capability
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Slide 19
Cluster Tree Networks
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• Employ multi-hop routing
• Can be very large: 255 clusters of 254 nodes
each = 64,770 nodes
• May span physically large areas
• Suitable for latency-tolerant applications
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Slide 20
ZigBee Device Types
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• ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)
– One and only one required for each ZB network.
– Initiates network formation.
– Acts as 802.15.4 2003 PAN coordinator (FFD).
– May act as router once network is formed.
• ZigBee Router (ZR)
– Optional network component.
– May associate with ZC or with previously associated ZR.
– Acts as 802.15.4 2003 coordinator (FFD).
– Participates in multihop routing of messages.
• ZigBee End Device (ZED)
– Optional network component.
– Shall not allow association.
– Shall not participate in routing.
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 21
Network Structure
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ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 22
Network Structure
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ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 23
Network Structure
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ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 24
ZigBee Channel Access Options
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Two channel access mechanisms:
• Non-beacon network
– A simple, traditional multiple access system used in simple
peer and near-peer networks
– Standard ALOHA CSMA-CA communications
– Positive acknowledgement for successfully received packets
• Beacon-enabled network
– Superframe structure- network coordinator transmits beacons
at predetermined intervals
– Dedicated bandwidth and low latency
– Low Power Consumption mode for Coordinator
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 25
Other Benefits of Beacon Mode
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• Beacon Mode
– A very powerful mechanism for controlling power
consumption in extended networks like cluster tree or
mesh
– Allows all clients in a local piece of the network the
ability to know when to communicate with each other
– PAN has a coordinator that manages the channel and
arranges the calls
– Significant value will be in system power consumption for
networks which are primarily battery powered
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 26
ZigBee – Highly Reliable
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• Mesh and tree networking protocol provides
redundant paths
• Automatic retries and acknowledgements
• Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable
broadcasts across the network
• Parents keep track of messages for sleeping
children
• High intrinsic interference tolerance
– Multiple channels
– Frequency agility
– Robust modulation
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 27
ZigBee – Highly Secure
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Utilizes AES 128-bit encryption
Concept of a “trust center”
Link and network keys
Authentication and encryption
Security can be customized for the
application
• Keys can be “hard-wired” into application
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 28
ZigBee Applications
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security
HVAC
AMR
lighting control
access control
patient
monitoring
fitness
monitoring
BUILDING
AUTOMATION
CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
TV
VCR
DVD/CD
remote
ZigBee
Wireless Control that
Simply Works
PERSONAL
HEALTH CARE
asset mgt
process
control
environmental
energy mgt
INDUSTRIAL
CONTROL
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RESIDENTIAL/
LIGHT
COMMERCIAL
CONTROL
PC &
PERIPHERALS
mouse
keyboard
joystick
security
HVAC
lighting control
access control
lawn & garden irrigation
Slide 29
ZigBee Home Control
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General Commercial Building
Automation
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• Quick Payback Leads to Early
Adoption
– Obvious Uses
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Lighting
HVAC
Alarm Systems
Entry Systems
– Less Obvious Uses
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Landscaping
Leak Detection
Pest Monitoring
Humidity in Walls
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 31
Patient Monitoring
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• May allow more patient freedom
– Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet
• Patient can remain in their own home
• Lowers cost and improves comfort
– Allows monitoring of elderly family member
• Sense movement or usage patterns in a home
• Notify via mobile phone when anomalies occur
• Can track behavior without visual “spying”
• Wireless panic buttons for falls or other problems
• Again lowers cost and improves patient lifestyle
– Can be used in hospice care
• Patients are allowed greater movement
• Reduced staff to patient ratio
• Light way to bathroom when they get out of bed
graphic
graphic
– Reduces patient confusion
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 32
Characteristics of a ZigBee Lighting
Control System
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• Microprocessor based devices with
embedded radios
• Lighting Ballasts become control and
communication nodes
• Utilizes an open protocol for
communication – ZigBee
• Mesh Network - Scalable, flexible up to
65,000 network nodes
• 100% digital component based network of
devices with the lighting infrastructure
providing the DLN backbone
• Software and UI’s determine the user
experience
• Distributed control of lighting – From
personal space to enterprise control
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 33
Key value drivers of a Wireless
Lighting Control system
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Simplify Lighting Control System
design in both new construction and
retrofit applications
Reduced cost and complexity of system installation
Simplicity of Commissioning
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 34
Key value drivers of a Wireless
Lighting Control system
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Easy and intuitive to use facilitating
improved worker productivity
Operating cost and complexity reductions
Improved energy
management and control
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 35
The ZigBee eco-system adds future value
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Asset Tracking
Maintenance
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Safety
Security
Slide 36
Wireless Control That Simply Works
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Why ZigBee?
Reliable and self healing
Supports large number of nodes
Easy to deploy
Very long battery life
Secure
Low cost
Can be used globally
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 37
Advantages of ZigBee over
proprietary solutions?
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• Product interoperability
• Vendor independence
• Increased product innovation as a result of
industry standardization
• A common platform is more cost effective
than creating a new proprietary solution from
scratch every time
• Companies can focus their energies on
finding and serving customers
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 38
Benefits of joining the alliance
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• Access to
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Specifications
Member IP pool
Event lists
Media and analysts
VCs
• Network with
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Members
Customers
Vendors
Partners
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 39
Benefits of joining the alliance
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• World class PR
– Be associated with a hot technology
– Leverage Alliance event and PR activities
• Your competitors are here, chance to strengthen your
leadership position
• Get access to marketing ideas, get a sense of the market
direction and optimize your product/company plans
• Equivalent info from other sources would cost many
multiples of the annual membership fee
• Result is you get to market quicker with a better solution
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 40
Wireless Control That Simply Works
Parting Thought
“Just as the personal computer was a symbol of
the '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the World
Wide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to be
the advent of cheap sensors.”
-Paul Saffo
Institute for the Future
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 41
More Information
Wireless Control That Simply Works
ZigBee Alliance Web Site
http://www.ZigBee.org
IEEE 802.15 Web Site
http://www.ieee802.org/15
Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman, [email protected]
ZigBeeTM Alliance | Wireless Control That Simply Works
Slide 42