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IMT-2000 Network, Operations Support Systems and Service September 25, 2002 Kouzou Sakae NTT DoCoMo, Inc. Outline • Mobile communication environment • Overview of IMT-2000 • Introduction of DoCoMo Network, OSS concept & architecture • Multimedia services and necessary technologies • Mobile networks beyond IMT-2000 Mobile Communication Market in Japan No. of Subscribers 10 7 Cellular phone started Car phone started Pager started ‘68 Cellular 10 5 1970 ‘92 ‘94 ‘86 ‘79 Pager 6 75 1980 85 Cellular 62.7Million PHS started Liberalization of terminal 10 8 NTT DoCoMo 10 1990 ‘95 PHS 5.79Million Pager 1.41Million as of the end of May 2001 PHS 95 2000 PHS: Personal Handy-phone System Mobile Communications Era Number of Subscribers ×million 90 Digital 80 80 70 Fixed Line + ISDN 60 Fixed Line 50 72.8 62.2 55.5 52.7 48.5 40 Mobile Phone 30 (Cellular + PHS) 20 Less than 10 0 1M Internet Wireless Internet ’90 ’91 ’92 ’93 ’94 ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 ’99 ‘00 ‘01 The projected values are calculated based on information and assumptions available today. However, there is no guarantee that the actual results would fall in line with the projected figures, given the inherit uncertainties in projections, as well as possible fluctuations due to future business performances and changes in internal/external circumstances, etc. 05 ’ (Fiscal Year) “ i-mode ” Subscribers and Site Growth million No.of Sites 60,000 30 25 Subscribers 34 million No. of Sites 53,000 50,000 20 40,000 15 30,000 10 20,000 5 10000 0 0 2/99 4/99 6/99 8/99 10/99 12/99 2/00 4/00 6/00 8/00 10/00 12/00 2/01 4/01 6/01 8/01 10/01 12/01 Evolution Scenario towards IMT-2000 ’80S ’90S Initial stage Voice Growing stage Voice Low speed data (~64kbps) 1st Generation 2nd Generation Analog Cellular Digital Cellular AMPS・TACS・NMT NTT High Cap 2000S Expansion stage Voice High speed data (~384kbps、2Mbps) 3rd Generation IMT-2000 Mature stage Super high speed 4th Generation W-CDMA cdma2000 TD-SCDMA GSM・IS-95 PDC・PHS 2001/10 2004/3 Covered over 97% for the From Tokyo Metropolitan to population Nationwide An Overview of IMT-2000 • Trend, Goals, Requirements and Features • NW architecture Why IMT-2000? • IMT-2000: International Mobile Telecommunication-2000 • The figure “2000” stands for •Kickoff: around year 2,000 •Frequency: 2,000 MHz •Transmission rate: 2,000 Kbps (max.) Goals of IMT-2000 Multimedia Service Capability Up to 2Mbps High Quality Services Comparable to Fixed-Line Networks Clear Voice Multiple Operational Environment Capability (Outdoor/Indoor ) Anywhere Global Mobility Capability International Requirements for IMT-2000 1. Supporting the transmission rate of minimum 144kbps in any radio environment and 2Mbps in indoor environment. 2. Supporting roaming between different IMT-2000 operating environments and international roaming. 3. Guaranteeing communications quality equivalent to that of the fixed network. Mobile Communications in the 21th Century Universal Service usable anywhere in the world Global (Universal) IMT-2000 Personal Personal Services usable by anyone Multimedia Variegated, High-quality Multimedia Services Global Roaming Enjoy telecommunication services everywhere in the world, through the user's own mobile terminal and number. Personal Services Virtual Home Environment (VHE) Supplementary services are provided in the home NW and the other NW, with the same view and operation. Europe The same Supp. Services Home NW Japan USA Mobile Multimedia services (1) Business Public Mobile TV&Phone Video Conference Information transport system Guidance for driving E-Mail DB Private System for old people Mobile Multimedia Communication NW DB Emergency system Information distribution service Music on demand Karaoke on demand Mobile TV Video on demand Interactive TV Interactive game Electronic news paper Electronic book Tele shopping In-home studying Remote sensing & Control Mobile Multimedia services (2) Transmission Speed 2M 384K Video Conference (High quality) Internet Access Video Conference (Low quality) WWW 64K Remote medical service (Medical image) Database Access Video Catalog shopping 32K Telephone Conference IP telephony Mobile TV News Weather forecast Electronic Newspaper Voice Mail ISDN Karaoke Traffic information pager Electronic Publishing Mobile Radio Sports information Leisure Information etc 9.6K Information Distribution Services Video on demand -Sports -News -Movies e-mail ftp 16K Broadcast Mobile Multimedia Electronic Mail Telephone 2.4K Image FAX Data 1.2K Voice Symmetric Asymmetric Point to Point Multicast Communication Style Multi Point (Broadcast) Key Functions for IMT-2000 • Support of broad bandwidth to accommodate services from low-speed voice to high-speed graphic communications • Provision of variable-speed communications for video transmission • Provision of asymmetric communications as in video on demand • Provision of point-to-multipoint communications as in information-distribution services IMT-2000 system requirements - High spectrum efficiency more than double of current most efficient systems - Universal mobility global, personal, terminal - Intelligent Service and its Portability flexible and quick service installation, VHE - Multimedia capability high speed and multi rate transmission ~144kpbs(vehicular) / ~384kbps(outdoor) / ~2Mbps(indoor) Features of IMT-2000 • High-speed and Wide-band • Multiple data rates – Independent transmission rate for uplink and downlink • High spectrum efficiency • Multimedia compatible • Global standard NW Capability for IMT-2000 ● Mobile multimedia service capabilities - High Speed Data Services - Point to Multipoint Transmission - Quality of Service - Various Supplementary Services ● Support of Internet Connection Service - IP based application services (ex. E-mail, WWW, ...) - IP address allocation (fixed and dynamic) - IP based CUG (Closed User Groups) - Mobile Oriented Application Protocol (ex. WAP,..) Creation of Global Common Specifications ◆ In the future, the demand for mobile internet access and video transmission services will increase drastically, and the volume of data traffic will far exceed that of voice traffic. ◆ Along with globalization, mobile communications should be made available anywhere in the world. ★ Study of radio access scheme was initiated by ITU-R in 1985. ★ Study of signaling scheme was initiated by ITU-T in 1993. ★ Creation of global common standard specifications was initiated by 3GPP (in1998) and 3GPP2 (in1999). ITU and 3GPP Activities • ITU-R – Specifications of the Radio Interfaces • ITU-T – Framework and Architecture (Family Concept) – Network Functional Model (Radio Access Network and Core Network ) – Standardization of the interfaces between family member systems for roaming • 3GPP/3GPP2 – Common Technical Specifications and Technical Reports – Based on W-CDMA and GSM in 3GPP – Based on cdma2000 and ANSI-41 in 3GPP2 Network Architecture in IMT-2000 • Core Network (CN) • Radio Access Network (RAN) • Terminal Network Architecture in 3GPP SCF CS domain HLR (CAP) (Circuit Switched) C (WCDMA) D (MAP) (ISUP) PSTN GMSC MSC/VLR PLMN, (ISUP) Node B UE (BS) Gs RNC SGSN Iu Radio Access Network MSC: Mobile-Service Switching Center GMSC: Gateway MSC SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node SCF: Service Control Function HLR: Home Location Register VLR: Visitor Location Register Internet GGSN Gn PS domain (Packet Switched) UIM Mobile Station Gc Gr Gi Core Network RNC: Radio Network Controller BS: Base Station UE: User Equipment UIM User Identity Module PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network Core Network Architecture CN ISDN/ PSTN Packet-switched Domain GGSN SGSN Radio Access Network (RAN) SCP MSC HLR GLR GMSC Internet VLR Circuit-switched Domain GGSN: Gateway GPRS Switching Node HLR: Home Location Register SCP: Service Control Point VLR: Visitor Location Register GLR: Gateway Location Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center SGSN: Serving GPRS Switching Node Radio Access Network Architecture RAN (Radio Access Network) RNS Node B Iu RNC Node B UE Iub Iur Uu CN RNS Node B Iu RNC Node B Iub RNS: Radio Network Subsystem RNC: Radio Network Controller UE: User Equipment Terminal Structure X UICC / UIM MT R TE ME UE UE: User Equipment ME: Mobile Equipment TE: Terminal Equipment X: UICC-ME Interface UICC: Universal Integrated Circuit Card UIM: Universal Identity Module MT: Mobile Termination R: Reference Point Terminal Structure Introduction of DoCoMo network • Network architecture – Approach to IMT-2000 – Network configuration • OSS concept and architecture – Network monitoring and control – Network Quality Management, Planning and Design IMT-2000 system requirements and Solutions - High spectrum efficiency W-CDMA more than double of current most efficient systems Standardization - Universal mobility global, personal, terminal - Intelligent Service and its Portability flexible and quick service installation, VHE IN, CAMEL ATM - Multimedia capability high speed and multi rate transmission ~144kpbs(vehicular) / ~384kbps(outdoor) / ~2Mbps(indoor) CAMEL: Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic Suitability of W-CDMA and ATM ATM W-CDMA control data - many - short - packetized BTS1 MS RNC MSC BTS2 - W-CDMA and ATM are both statistical multiplexing based techniques. Taking over statistical multiplexing effect. - BTSs only send useful ATM cells. Reduction of unnecessary access transmissions. Core Network Platform for IMT-2000 Core Network Internet / Intranet Mobility Management, Service Control PSTN / ISDN Packet Switching Circuit Switching ATM-SVC RAN PC MT GSM/GPRS Evolution GPRS : General Packet Radio Service IMT-2000 Network Architecture GRIMM Center Other PLMN/ISDN ISP i -mode Server Circuit Switching Function GW Packet Switching Function Common Channel Signaling Network Servers ATM Network MMS Circuit Switching Function Packet Switching Function RNC BTS MSCP HLR Gateway MMS GW Mopera Center MPS ASCP MMS Circuit Switching Function Packet Switching Function RNC MMS : Mobile Multimedia switching System GMMS : Gateway Mobile Multimedia switching System HLR : Home Location Register RNC : Radio Network Controller BTS : Base Transceiver Station MS : Mobile Station PLMN : Public Land Mobile Network ISP : Internet Service Provider BTS ASCP : Advanced Service Control Point MSCP : Mobile Service Control Point MPS : Message Processing System Radio Access Scheme adopted in JAPAN 1G ・・・ FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) 2G ・・・ TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) 3G ・・・ CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) In JAPAN ★ W–CDMA (Wideband CDMA) ★ cdma2000 ⇒ CDMA-based radio access scheme Overview of DoCoMo’s Networks Business Information System (Accounting, Contract etc.) -Before IMT-2000 PDC NMSCP POI MIS MGS / MTS ISP/ Mopera/ i-mode PGW Voice STM MLS SPE -Two approaches for IMT-2000 -Constructing a new network -Reusing the 2G network PSTN / ISDN / PLMN PPM Packet BCE MDE MS P-MDE Overview of DoCoMo’s Networks (cont’d) Business Information System (Accounting, Contract etc.) IMT-2000 PDC NMSCP A-SCP POI SMS MPS ISP/ Mopera/ i-mode G/T-MMS ATM L-MMS MIS MGS / MTS BTS STM MLS MPE SPE RNC PGW PPM BCE MDE UE MS P-MDE PSTN / ISDN / PLMN Network Construction Lifecycle Planning NW Design Service Construction DoCoMo Network Structure Operation Center OSSs Radio Access Network Core Network MS G-MMS ATM-XC SDH FTM FTM ATM-XC MMS RNC ATM-MUX SDH FTM FTM CLAD Leased Line (ATM ) ATM-MUX CLAD ATM-S-MUX BTS (IMT) BS MS Office d Office c Office b Office a (PDC) VC (SDH) VP VC (ATM) ATM-XC: ATM Cross Connect CLAD: Cell Assembly and Disassembly MMS: Mobile Multimedia switching System BS: Base Station PDC: Personal Digital Cellular VC (SDH) : Virtual Container VC (ATM) : Virtual Channel ATM-MUX: ATM Multiplexer FTM: Fiber Transport Module G-MMS: Gateway MMS BTS: Base Transceiver Station MS: Mobile Station VP: Virtual Path Operations Support Systems • Features of DoCoMo’s OSS • Overview of OSS Architecture Video Program • Operations Support Systems for IMT-2000 Overview of OSS Architecture Service Management Quality Analysis Terminal Service Front Terminal Design Terminals QoS Monitor RAN Planning CN Planning Process Management RAN Design CN Design Transmission Design Traffic DWH OPE (NW Monitor & Network Management Control) Network Element Management Network Monitor OPE (Backyard) Major Alert Aggregation RAN NEM NE File Station Data Management Call Processing Alert Aggregation CN NEM SCP NEM Path Management OSS Configuration Management Transmission NEM SCP Network Element BTS OPE: OPeration Equipment Configuration Part Network Control RNC SW DWH: Data WareHouse Transmission SW RNC BTS Overview of Network Monitoring & Control Network BTS SW RNC NMSCP Transmission Call Loss Rate, Actual Usage Rate, NE Congestion Monitor Network Quality SW Individual NE BS SW XC NE major alert NE status NE Monitor Network Monitor OPE: Backyard OPE: Network Monitor Identify the cause of network fault Monitor NE failure Network Analysis NE Analysis OPE: Network Monitor Recovery of QoS → Network Control OPE: Backyard Action OPE: Network Monitor Scope of Network Control Identify the cause of NE failure Action Verify the action of NE Monitor operator Recovery action for NE failure OPE: Backyard Scope of Facility Maintenance Data Flow-through Quality Analysis Planning & Design Service Front Terminal QoS Monitor Service Management Network Management Element management RAN planning Traffic DWH Design information RAN design Network Monitor OPE Network Monitor & Control CN design Station data Network Control Traffic (batch) Traffic (real-time) OPE Backyard CN planning RAN NEM NE File Station data management OSS configuration management Operation data SCP NEM CN NEM Associated OSS SCP Network Element BS RNC SW transmission SW RNC BS Integrated multi-vendor’s NE Operation Common OPS for multi-vendor Vender Specific Part Vendor-a Vendor-b Vendor-c Vendor-d Vendor-e The common functional part for NE-B The common functional part for NE-A Signal transmission and reception part Network Elements Community AP for functional Block API Vender Specific Part For NE-A Vendor-a For NE-A Vendor-b NE-A For NE-A Vendor-c For NE-B For NE-B Vendor-d Vendor-e NE-B Parallel File Upgrade Function Consistency Check, upgrade commands … Conventional Operation System Operation Switch 00 Status query Station 00 50 field engineers ・ ・ ・ Same Same operation operation ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Consistency Check, upgrade commands … Center Autonomous messages Switch 49 Monitoring task only Station 49 Reducing labor Switch 00 Zero field engineers e.g. PDC-P Saving 1M$ a year Parallel Operation for 50 switches ・ ・ ・ Switch 49 Consistency Check, upgrade commands … ・ ・ ・ Consistency Check, upgrade commands … File transfer, File upgrade FOCUS Operation Center File Transfer and File upgrade Operation for multiple Switches from one single window Monitors multiple switches from one single window Element Management GUI: Sample ASCP SMS セクタ BTS RNC MPE MMS ARE 施 設 OPS IMT・BTS選択画面 IMT・RNC選択画面 モード 検 索 補 助 IMT・MMS選択画面 1 2 消去 2 消去 実 行 消 中央 3 4 中央 地域 中央 5 6 回復未確認 12 エリア 23区 23区外 神奈川 千葉 埼玉 群馬 山梨 茨城 栃木 長野 13 MJ装置 15 7 MJ運転 8 MN発生 0001 0003 0005 0007 横浜山下MM0020 0020 横浜山下20RN10 10 22 横浜山下20RN20 20 横浜山下20RN30 30 20 17 23 MJジャーナル 規制MN RNC 十条MMS0003 0003 十条3RNC01 01 十条3RNC08 08 十条3RNC30 30 横浜山下 横浜山下MM0020 0020 18 横浜山下MM0030 0030 16 規制MJ 10 19 MMS 十条 十条MMS0001 十条MMS0003 十条MMS0005 十条MMS0007 14 9 24 MNジャーナル 25 規制ジャーナル 21 11 5 全ノード 12 エリア 6 回復未確認 MJ装置 15 23区 23区外 神奈川 千葉 埼玉 群馬 山梨 茨城 栃木 長野 13 7 8 MJ運転 9 MN発生 十条 十条MMS0001 十条MMS0003 十条MMS0005 十条MMS0007 0001 0003 0005 0007 29 MJジャーナル MNジャーナル 23 BTS 十条3RNC08 08 BTS03M8R02 02 BTS03M8R07 07 BTS03M8R12 12 BTS03M8R27 27 横浜山下MM0020 0020 横浜山下20RN10 10 22 横浜山下20RN20 20 横浜山下20RN30 30 20 17 11 規制MN RNC 十条MMS0003 0003 十条3RNC01 01 十条3RNC08 08 十条3RNC30 30 横浜山下 横浜山下MM0020 18 0020 横浜山下MM0030 0030 28 規制MJ 19 MMS 16 10 21 地域選択 中央 MJ監視 全ノード 全ノード 去 地域選択 横浜山下20RN30 30 26 BTS20M30R5 05 BTS20M30R9 09 24 25 エリア ビル 23区 23区外 神奈川 千葉 埼玉 群馬 山梨 茨城 栃木 長野 新潟 23区 十条 唐ヶ崎 国領 ビルA ビルB ビルC ビルD ビルE ビルF ビルG ビルH 30 MMS ▲ ▲ 十条 十条 LS(F)-A 十条 十条 十条 十条 十条 MMS監視制御 重要作業状態強制解除 OCSE-CN 運転監視 LS(N)-B LS(N)-C LS(N)-D LS(F)-E LS(F)-F ▼ 備考 ▲ 局建工事中 ▼ 規制ジャーナル ▼ 装置状態表示画面 (ID:1406XX) 監視機能 ▼ 消 去 OMCE 通信中。 中央・ 23区・十条 LS(F)-A SEF99A SDHS STIS A-DTS PSUS B-DTS ACIS MSCS AIFS ACT 保守 障害 関連 OUS 増設中 H-SBY ATIS CMPS TRKS CRSWS LTS LICS SIGS OPSS SGCS PR ES CSP CLP TSWC IPUS RMP OMP EATMS CLKS CEXTS ガイダンス表示部 INS OUS ACH 診断 詳細 履 歴 Network Monitor & Control GUI: Sample Network Quality Management, Planning and Design Business Information System QoS Analysis Terminal Network Quality Management (Accounting, Contract etc.) Planning & Design Planning RAN Design Schedule/Process Management CN Design Transmission Design Traffic DWH Planning Data RAN NE Data CN NE Data Transmission NE Data Unified Management NE Data Management, Distribution Unified Management Traffic Information RAN NEM Network RAN NEs CN NEM CN NEs Transmission NEM Transmission NEs OSS Architecture – Common Platform •layered and hierarchical operational functions •mature technologies and open AP interfaces Client (OPE Terminal) Network Management/Service Management Functional Blocks Network Management Function 1 Common GUI (Client) Naming Service Network Management Function 2 CORBA Interface Network Management Easy functional extension Function n and effective development by using CORBA interface Event Service Element Management Functional Blocks Element Management Function 1 CORBAインタフェースにより Integrated OPE and OPE ~サーバ間の連携が OSS servers through 容易に実現 CORBA interface NE Element Management Function 2 Element Management Function n NE NE Features of DoCoMo’s OSS • Operator friendly – The root cause and the range its influence is well expressed. – The operator can grasp the trouble and solve it quickly. • Cost reduction – The operator can control the network to utilize network resources appropriately. – Network quality control and facility design is realized by data flow-through. – The operator can upgrade application software of network elements remotely. Multimedia Services of IMT-2000 • IMT-2000 service features • Mobile multimedia services • Relevant technologies – Transport technologies – Application technologies • Multimedia service platform Evolutions of Mobile Communications Further Evolution by three components Voice to Non-voice To Multimedia Existing Industry To Ubiquitous All mobilers To Global Future Industry Province Nation to International Toward Multimedia of Communications Business ・TV Conference ・Data Base/Data Center ・E-commerce(for business) ・Location Information Search System Mobile Multimedia Network Personal Public ・ Remote Medical System for old ・Electronic Newspaper/Book people ・Interactive TV ・Communication System during ・E-commerce (for shopping) times of disasters/incidents ・Remote Medical System ・Remote Observation System ・ITS (Intelligent Transport System) Voice to Non-voice Communications Market size Non-voice (image・ data) 70~80% Challenging the Mobile Multimedia 50% Voice 50% 2000 2005 30~20% 2010 “ i-mode ” Service Structure HTTP IP i-mode Server Internet DoCoMo Packet Network (PDC-P) IP IP Data Base DoCoMo Network (PDC) Voice Modem signal Reasons for Success of “ i-mode ” ★ Packet based telecommunication charge (PDC-P) – PDC-P network enables cheaper telecommunication charge for limited text based data exchange. – Mobile Phone is always ‘stand by’ to get/receive data. ★ One-hand sized terminal ★ HTML based, the world standard – Subset of HTML 3.0 with some additional tags – No need to learn special language to deliver content My Menu 1.My Menu 2.Recommends 3.Menu Search 4.Settings <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>MAINMENU</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY > <DIV>My Menu</DIV><br> <A ACCESSKEY=“1” HREF = “http://www.docomo.ne.jp/gw/Main/mymenu.htm”>1.My Menu</A><br> <A ACCESSKEY=“2” HREF = “http://www.docomo.ne.jp/gw/Main/osusume.htm”>2.Recommends</A><br> <A ACCESSKEY=“3” HREF = “http://www.docomo.ne.jp/gw/Main/search.htm”>3.Menu Search</A><br> <A ACCESSKEY=“4” HREF = “http://www.docomo.ne.jp/gw/Main/option.htm”>4.Settings</A><br> </BODY> </HTML> Service features Mobility Voice-oriented communications - High Mobility - 9.6kbps Data Communication Max.28.8kbps Packet Communication e.g., Short Mail/E-Mail 2G (PDC) PCS (PHS) IMT-2000 Voice and Data communications - High Mobility - 384kbps Data Communication e.g., Motion Picture - Multi Call Data-oriented communications - Relatively Low Mobility - 64kbps Data Communication e.g., Still Picture/Music Transmission Rate PDC: Personal Digital Cellular PHS: Personal Handy-phone System PCS: Personal Communications Services Visual Communications • Mobile video phone • Mobile videoconference Business Use Personal Use Mobile Video Phone Mobile Internet Services • IP oriented services with high data rate – High speed web access, Multimedia email & messaging, Music or video file downloading, etc. ♪♪ ♪Peekaboo♪ i-mode server Example of Email Service BOOM!!! Mobile VPN • Intranet Access Service via the Internet – Remote access to corporate network IMT-2000 GW Fixed Network Remote Access Server LAN Corporate Network Requirements for Mobile Multimedia Services • Rapid supply of various multimedia services to customers • Broadband data communication • Internet interactive solutions to xSP • Open and unified interface between carrier and xSP networks • Security management Technical Requirements • Wireless Transport Technologies • Application Technologies Wireless Transport Technologies Wireless TCP HTTP optimization Wireless Transport technologies Broader bandwidth per channel is needed, but … Higher transmission delay Relatively poor communication stability, e.g., loss of connectivity Degradation of actual data transfer rate Some wireless optimizations of transport and application protocols are required. Wireless TCP (W-TCP) HTTP optimization Technologies applied to Wireless TCP • Expansion of TCP window size – RFC793, 1323 • Utilization of Selective ACK (SACK) – RFC2018 • Expansion of initial window size – RFC2414, 2581 • Expansion of Maximum Transmission Unit – RFC793 Expansion of TCP Window Size Conventional TCP Client W-TCP Server Client Data Ack Server Data Waiting for the arrival ACK signal Window size: 2 Ack Window size: 10 TCP vs. W-TCP HTTP Optimization • Performance of HTTP access over IMT-2000 network may degrade when : – Establishing many TCP connections, e.g., a content with too many gif pictures – Inefficient usage of bandwidth caused by higher transmission delay Request pipelining improves web access performance. Request Pipelining Request #1 Receive #1 Analyze Request #2 Receive #2 Request #3 • • • Typical HTTP behavior Request #1 Receive #1 Analyze Request #2-#7 Receive #2-#7 • • • Request pipelining Application Technologies Markup Languages for Micro browser Visual communications Compact HTML (CHTML), Extensible HTML (XHTML), Wireless Markup Language (WML) … 3G-324M Application Environment Mobile Execution Environment (MExE: Java based) Enhanced Terminal Capability Progress of Mobile Terminals (MTs) : • Stronger processing power with lower electricity consumption • Larger size of memory and storage • High-definition and larger color display The capability of MTs is not equal to general terminals used in the Internet, such as PCs. Difference between MTs & PCs •MTs run on batteries with small capacity. •MTs have relatively poor processing power, memory, storage, and a display. Micro Browser • Mobile terminals need special browsers, i.e., micro browsers in order to meet mobile-specific requirements. – Light-weight markup languages • Compact HTML (CHTML) • Extensible HTML (XHTML) • Wireless Markup Language (WML) Micro Browser (Cont’d) • What is the trend of micro browser and markup language? – XML (eXtensible Markup Language) related technologies – Following the evolution of PC’s web browsers – Expanding features to satisfy common needs in compact devices, such as PDA Evolution of Markup Language XHTML Modularization PC Browser XHTML 2.0 plus Others XHTML MOD HTML 4.01 XHTML 1.0 XHTML MOD XHTML MOD CSS1 CSS3 CSS2 Profiling Micro Browser XHTML Basic CSS2 Mobile Profile WAP 2.0 Requirements for the adaptation to mobile and compact devices : few amount of memory, limited processing power, and so forth CSS: Cascade Style Sheet Streaming over wireless • 3G-324M is a streaming technology optimized for visual communications over wireless networks. • Compared with commercialized IP based streaming technologies, such as WMT, 3G-324M has the following benefits : – Stable transfer of stream data – Better visual quality – Quick start up of visual communications – Cost-effectiveness – Prevention of copying visual contents WMT: Windows Media Technology Visual Data Transfer Efficiency ASF/HTTP/TCP/IP (WMT) 3G-324M Data Markup HTTP TCP IP PPP Visual Audio Control Data Markup MPEG-4 Video AMR Visual Audio MPEG-4 Video AMR H.245 ASF HTTP TCP IP/PPP H.223 annex.B Visual 75% Audio OH 19% 6% Visual 44% Utilization of Bandwidth AMR: Adaptive Multi/Rate ASF: Advanced Streaming Format Audio 19% Overhead 37% MExE (Mobile Execution Environment) • MExE classmark 1 – Based on WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) – Limited input and output • MExE classmark 2 – Based on Personal Java (subset of Java SE) – Optimized for consumer electric devices – JavaPhone API • MExE classmark 3 – Based on Java 2 ME, CLDC and MIDP – Optimized for embedded devices SE: Standard Edition ME: Micro Edition MIDP: Mobile Information Device Profile CLDC: Connected, Limited Device Configuration Multimedia Service Platform Application Services Multimedia Application Content delivery service Audio/visual information service Multimedia messaging Value-added Services Multimedia Service Platform Media format transformation Protocol conversion Location information Smart-Pull Control Billing Function, etc. Basic Network Services IMT-2000 Network Communication service Call control Mobility management Radio resource management Example - Location Information Where is the nearest post office? Starting point : Current Location Destination Point : Head east for a little while. Turn right at the corner. Go straight for a while. You will see the post office. Post Office Example – Location Information – (Cont’d) Utilized by Third-Party Utilized by oneself Locate Objects Like Staff Outside an Office Police / Hospital Company Search Local Information e.g. Restaurants Companies ・ ・ Area Information Show a Quickest Route to a Next Destination Report SelfPosition in an Event of Danger or Illness ・ ・ Navigation Engineer Locate Individuals ・ ・ Emergency Notification Tracking Sales Person Empty Vending Machine Corporate Solutions Brand Name for NTT DoCoMo’s IMT-2000 Services Freedom Of Mobile multimedia Access FOMA Services ★ Internet Access “ i-mode ” for example, Web browsing and E-mail, etc. ★ Video Conferencing ★ Data Communications (circuit-switch and packet-switch) CS : 64kbps for uplink and downlink PS : Max 384kbps for uplink and downlink on the best effort basis ★ Voice Communications AMR (Adoptive Multi Rate) is adopted as cording scheme. ★ Multi Call This allows users to use packet-switched services(ex. E-mail) during a voice call. FOMA Terminals P2002 N2002 Standard Type P2101V D2101V Visual Type P2401 Data-Card Type With detachable UIM (User Identify Module) loaded with information to identify users Depending on a specific usage, users can select terminals. FOMA Terminals (Cont’d) F2601 SH2101V All from one terminal Other Services ★ i-motion - Video clipping(downloading) service by i-mode - Introduced in December, 2001 ★ M-Stage Music and Visual - Music and Video distribution service for specialized terminals - Visual: Introduced in July, 2002 ★ Dual Network Service with the PDC - Subscriber can use one phone number for both FOMA (3G) and PDC (2G) - Introduced in July, 2002 ★ International Roaming - One mobile terminal can be used anywhere in the world FOMA’s Growing Possibilities FOMA continues to evolve as new functions are added International roaming M-stage visual on FOMA New service deployment M-stage music on FOMA Image-clipping with i-mode i-motion Image distribution Mobile EC Music distribution Location information Visual mail Send visual images instantly as mail i-mode TV Phone Possible to use FOMA and 2G phones with a single phone number Dual network service Handset enhancement PDA type PDC/IMT dual phone Music distribution terminal Upon service launch Smaller, lighter handsets with longer battery time FY 2001 FY 2002 4G Mobile Wireless System Coverage/Mobility Everywhere w/ mobility vs. High bit-rate w/ capacity 4G 3.5G 3G 2G • High-speed • High-capacity • Low bit cost • IP-based? (~2010?) IMT-2000 (2001) Wireless Access Millimeter-wave LAN 0.1 1 Bit rates (Mbps) 10 100 Next Generation mobile Networks Applications /xSPs Mobile NWs Other NWs AP1AP1AP3 Open API Service Control Intelligence Layer Support APs Service control in ITS、Railways, etc. ・Train traffic operation ・Traffic info. mgmt ・Car sensor system Service control by 3rd Parties (Authentication, Charging, Location info., Distribution system) Network Control Intelligence Layer ・Mobility, QoS control ・Connection control (1:n, n:1, n:m) ISDN/PSTN Control Transport Internet IP transport ISP, Mobile Operators IP backbone Text ***** ***** Ad hoc NW W-CDMA W-LAN 4G http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/index.shtml