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Open House, Berlin June 3, 2003 Bob Heile, Chairman, Zigbee Alliance Hosted by Nanotron Technologies Today’s Agenda Time Discussion Topic Moderator 1:00 PM Welcome and Introductions Bob Heile, ZigBee Alliance Chairman 1:05 PM ZigBee Alliance Overview, Bob Heile Goals and Objectives 1:40 PM ZigBee Promoter Introductions and Presentations: Philips Michael Eckardt Motorola Kristen Law Mitsubishi Jinyun Zhang Invensys Geoff Mulligan Honeywell Patrick Gonia 2:30 PM IEEE 802.15.4 Status and Technical 2:50 PM Update Break Pat Kinney,Kinney Consulting, Chair IEEE 802.15.4 Month Year 2 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Today’s Agenda (2) Time Discussion Topic Moderator 3:10 PM ZigBee Marketing Overview Venkat Bahl, Vice Chairman, ZigBee Alliance 3:30 PM ZigBee Technical Working Groups Goals and activities of each working group Architecture Subcommittee Profiles Building Automation Networking Security Interoperability 4:00 PM ZigBee Member Companies Presentations from some of the ZigBee member companies Don Sturek, Figure8 Nick Shepherd, Philips Pat Kinney, Kinney Consulting Monique Bourgeois, Motorola Ed Callaway, Motorola Bhupender Virk, Chair of Interoperability WG AMI , Certicom, Chipcon, ENQ, Figure 8 Wireless, Millennial Net, Nanotron, Samsung, Zensys, ZMD 5:00 PM Closing Q & A Bob Heile 5:30 PM Networking Reception & Boat Cruise Month Year 3 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Mission Statement To enable reliable, cost-effective, lowpower, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard. Month Year 4 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. The ZigBee Alliance Solution • Targeted at home and building automation and controls, consumer electronics, PC peripherals, medical monitoring, and toys • Industry standard through application profiles running over IEEE 802.15.4 radios • Primary drivers are simplicity, long battery life, networking capabilities, reliability, and cost • Alliance provides interoperability and certification testing Month Year 5 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. History Proposals Proposal ZigBee Alliance formed Initial MRD RSI/TRD v0.2 to IEEE ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 PAR Proposals 1998 1999 2000 2001 Month Year Reviews Stand. Complete 2002 6 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Promoter Companies Month Year 7 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Membership Classes • Promoters – founding members of ZigBee, who form the Board of Directors. There are currently 5 promoters + 1 chairperson • Participants – members who generally wish to make technical contributions and/or serve on the Technical Group committees. These members have early access to specifications, and they may also chair working group subcommittees. They are in a position to help shape the ZigBee technology for industrial applications and the connected home. Month Year 8 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Working Groups • Profile Architecture (Nick Shepherd) • Network (Monique Bourgeois) • Security (Larry Puhl, acting) • Interoperability (Bhupender Virk) • Building Automation (Pat Kinney) • Marketing (Venkat Bahl) Month Year 9 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Organization Structure Larry Puhl, acting Month Year 10 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. The Wireless Market GRAPHICS INTERNET HI-FI AUDIO STREAMING VIDEO DIGITAL VIDEO MULTI-CHANNEL VIDEO > LONG TEXT SHORT < RANGE 802.11b LAN 802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g Bluetooth 2 ZigBee PAN Bluetooth1 LOW < DATA RATE > HIGH Month Year 11 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Applications security HVAC AMR lighting control access control BUILDING AUTOMATION patient monitoring fitness monitoring CONSUMER ELECTRONICS TV VCR DVD/CD remote ZigBee PERSONAL HEALTH CARE asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt Wireless Control that Simply Works INDUSTRIAL CONTROL RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL Month Year PC & PERIPHERALS mouse keyboard joystick security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation 12 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Development of the Standard APPLICATION ZIGBEE STACK SILICON • ZigBee Alliance – 50+ companies: semiconductor mfrs, IP providers, OEMs, etc. Customer – Defining upper layers of protocol stack: from network to application, including ZigBee application profiles Alliance IEEE – First profiles published mid 802.15.4 2003 • IEEE 802.15.4 Working Group – Defining lower layers of protocol stack: MAC and PHY scheduled for release in April Month Year 13 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Frequencies and Data Rates 2.4 GHz BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE ISM Worldwide 250 kbps 16 Europe 20 kbps 1 Americas 40 kbps 10 868 MHz 915 MHz ISM Month Year # OF CHANNEL(S) 14 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Stack Reference Model End developer applications, designed using application profiles Application interface designed using general profile Topology management, MAC management, routing, discovery protocol, security management Channel access, PAN maintenance, reliable data transport Transmission & reception on the physical radio channel ZA1 ZA2 … ZAn IA1 API IAn UDP IP ZigBee NWK 802.2 LLC MAC (SSCS) IEEE 802.15.4 MAC (CPS) IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Month Year 15 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Protocol Stack Features • Microcontroller utilized • Full protocol stack <32 k • Simple node-only stack ~4k • Coordinators require extra RAM – Node device database – Transaction table – Pairing table Customer APPLICATIONS APPLICATION INTERFACE SECURITY ZigBee Alliance NETWORK LAYER Star/Cluster/Mesh MAC LAYER MAC LAYER PHY LAYER 2.4 GHz 915MHz Application Month Year IEEE 802.15.4 868 MHz ZigBee Stack Silicon 16 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Competitive or Complementary? ZigBee and Bluetooth Optimized for different applications • Bluetooth • ZigBee – Larger packets over small – Smaller packets over network large network – Ad-hoc networks – Mostly Static networks with many, – File transfer infrequently used – Screen graphics, pictures, devices hands-free audio, Mobile – Home automation, phones, headsets, PDAs, toys, remote controls, etc. etc. Month Year 18 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Address Different Needs • Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets • Bluetooth expects regular charging – Target is to use <10% of host power Month Year 19 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Address Different Needs • ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced – Targets are : • Tiny fraction of host power • New opportunities where wireless not yet used Month Year 20 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Air interface ZigBee Bluetooth • FHSS • DSSS- 11 chips/ symbol • 1 M Symbol / second • 62.5 K symbols/s • Peak Information Rate • 4 Bits/ symbol ~720 Kbit / second • Peak Information Rate ~128 Kbit/second Month Year 21 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Voice Application Interface Network Layer Service Discovery Protocol (Serial Port) L2CAP Host Control Interface Link Manager MAC Layer MAC Layer Link Controller Baseband RF PHY Layer ZigBee Stack Fax Telephony OBEX Control RFCOMM Protocol Data Link Layer Silicon Dial-up Networking Application vMessage Intercom Headset Cordless Group Call vCard vCal vNote User Interface Application Silicon Zigbee Bluetooth Stack Applications Bluetooth Protocol Stack Comparison Month Year 22 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Timing Considerations ZigBee: • Network join time = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically • Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically Bluetooth: • Network join time = >3s • Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically • Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications Month Year 23 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Initial Enumeration ZigBee Bluetooth Coordinator Coordinator Month Year 24 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth AIR INTERFACE PROTOCOL STACK BATTERY DEVICES/NETWORK LINK RATE RANGE Month Year Bluetooth ZigBee FHSS DSSS 250 kb 28 kb rechargeable non-rechargeable 8 255 1 Mbps 250 kbps ~10 meters (w/o pa) ~30 meters Comparison Overview 25 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. An Application Example Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch • Wireless Light switch – – Easy for Builders to Install • A Bluetooth Implementation would either : – keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or – use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated. Month Year 26 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Light switch using Bluetooth • Option 1: use counter to predict hop frequency reached by light – The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop) – With 30ppm crystals, devices need to communicate once a second to track each other's clocks. – Assume this could be improved by a factor of 100 then devices would need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronization. – => 900 communications / day with no information transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand – 99.5% Battery Power wasted Month Year 27 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Light switch using Bluetooth • Option 2: Inquiry procedure to locate light each time switch is operated – Bluetooth 1.1 = up to 10 seconds typical – Bluetooth 1.2 = several seconds even if optimized – Unacceptable latency Month Year 28 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. Light switch using ZigBee • With DSSS interface, only need to perform CSMA before transmitting – Only 200 µs of latency – Highly efficient use of battery power ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth equivalent. Month Year 29 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. ZigBee and Bluetooth Conclusion • ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or any other wireless standard • ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution Month Year 30 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. More Information ZigBee Alliance web site http://www.ZigBee.org IEEE 802.15.4 web site http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html Bob Heile, Chair [email protected] Month Year 31 Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc.