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Transcript 
Figure 6-1 Growth pattern of Internet hosts
Growth Pattern of Internet Hosts
350
M
i
l
l
i
o
n
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Figure 6-2 The Internet Hierarchy
Backbone
The Internet
Infrastructure
NAPs
HOME
Dial-up,
DSL, Cable
ISP POPs
T-3s
Businesses
T-1s
ISPs
Subscribers
Figure 6-3 A Router joining three networks
Internet
Switch
Router
Switch
Application
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
4
T
C
P
/I
P
S
u
i
t
e
o
f
P
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
s
SCTP
COPS
FTP, Telnet, SMTP
POP3, HTTP, x-windows
SOCKS
SLP
CMOT, SNAP
TACACS+, TACACS
IMAP4
TFTP
NTP
GDP
RLOGIN, RSHELL,
PRINT, REXEC, RWHO
WCCP
HTTP,
SSH
RADIUS
ISAKMP
RTSP
Presentation
Session
NetBIOS-SSN
DNS
NetBIOS-SN
LDAP
XOT
Transport
SS7
TALI
DSMCC (MPEG)
RUDP
Net-Bios-DGM
ISO DE
TCP
PIM
Network
ICMP
Mobile IP
UDP
DHCP
RSVP
VRRP
BOOTP
IGMP
RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, GGP, GRE
IP
ESP AH
TDP, MPLS
Data Link
RSRB
L2F, RRTP, L2TP, ATMP
Physical
ARP, RARP, IARP, SLAPP
Trailers
STUN-SDLC
CSLIP, SLIP
Figure 6-5 Distance Vector vs. Link State
Pure Distance Vector
Link State vs Distance Vector
Destination
X
Destination
unreachable
Cost = 5
B
A
Cost = 3
Cost = 10
C
D
Source
Cost = 1
Figure 6-6 Interior and Exterior Protocols
AS100
AS (Autonomous Systems)
AS300
AS200
Exterior protocol running here
Interior protocol running here
Figure 6-7 The Anatomy of an IPv4 address
Class
First Octet
Decimal
range
values
First Octet
Binary
Range
values
Octet
1
Octet
2
Octet
3
Octet
4
A
0 - 127
00000000 - 01111111
Network
Host
Host
Host
B
128 - 191
10000000 - 10111111
Network
Network
Host
Host
C
192 - 223
11000000 - 11011111
Network
Network
Network
Host
D
224 - 239
11100000 - 11101111
NNNNHHHH
Host
Host
Host
E
240 - 255
11110000 - 11111111
NNNNHHHH
Host
Host
Host
Octet = 8 bits
N = network portion of the IP address
H = host portion of the IP address
Examples: 10.212.215.33
128.219.34.254
199.111.6.200
224.89.67.222
242.224.128.0
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
Figure 6-8 Network Address Translation
Your IP address:
172.16.20.33
Inside IP address:
172.16.20.1
PUBLIC Network
PRIVATE Network
NAT
Router
IN
Internet
OUT
OUT
LAN
IN
outside IP address:
62.134.17.252
e-bay
66.135.192.87
A NAT router translates IP addresses coming into and
leaving the private network
Figure 6-9 A firewall using DMZ
Internet
Router
NIC 1
NIC 3
Switch
NIC 2
Firewall
Web server
Switch
FTP Server
DMZ
E-mail server
Web server
File server
Protected Zone
E-mail
server
Figure 6-10 Firewalls using Protocol
Switching
Internet
TCP/IP
Router
Router
IPX/SPX only
Dead zone
TCP/IP
Firewall
IPX/SPX only
Router
Protected Zone
Switch
E-mail server
Web server
File server
Protected Zone
Switch
TCP/IP
E-mail server
Web server
File server
IPX/SPX
Chapter 6
Figure 6-1
Growth pattern of Internet hosts
Figure 6-2
The Internet Hierarchy
Figure 6-3
Router with three networks
Figure 6-4
Client/Server Relationship
Figure 6-5
TCP/IP Suite of Protocols
Figure 6-6
Chat screen
Figure 6-7
Distance Vector vs. Link State
Figure 6-8
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols
Figure 6-9
Network Address Translation
Figure 6-10
A home network firewall
Figure 6-4 Client Server
Printer
Server
Client
Figure 6-6 Interior and Exterior Protocols
AS 100
AS 200
Interior Routing
Protocol
Exterior Routing
Protocol
AS 300
AS (Autonomous Systems)
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