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Introduction to Computers Personal Computing 10 What is a computer? • Electronic device • Performs instructions in a program • Performs four functions – – – – Accepts data Processes data Outputs information Stores results A Few Terms • Hardware – all the physical components • Software – the operating system and programs • Data – the raw facts the computer processes • Information – data that has been organized Input • Everything entered into the computer – – – – Data Programs Commands User input – keystrokes, mouse clicks, joystick buttons Input Devices • • • • • • • Keyboard Mouse Joystick Scanner Digital Camera Microphone Touchscreen Processing • • • • Similar to human’s thinking Execute complex tasks One simple step at a time Using bits and bytes of data Processing components • • • • • • Microprocessor Motherboard Main Memory (RAM) Secondary Memory (Hard Drive) Operating System Application Microprocessor • Silicon Chip – – – – CPU ALU ROM (read only memory) Intel, AMD The Power of a Computer • Speed – System clock rate (i.e. 2.4 GHZ) – Bus width – Word size (32 bit; 64 bit) • Reliability • Storage – RAM (1 GB) Output • Data that has been turned into useful information • Hard Copy • Soft Copy Output Devices • • • • • • Printer Monitor Data Projector Speakers Headphones Machine tape Storage • The means of storing information/data for future use • Main memory (RAM) - volatile • Secondary memory – non volatile – Input (storing data and programs) – Output (storing processed data) Storage Devices • Magnetic – – – – Floppy disks Hard disks Magnetic tape Zip disks Storage Devices • Optical – CDs – DVDs • Flash – Memory cards – USB drives or thumb drive • Smart cards and Optical cards Types of Computers • • • • • • • PC (personal computer) Desktop Tower Notebook or laptop Tablet PC Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Workstation Types of Computers • • • • • Main frame Supercomputer Distributed or Grid Computing Server Mini-computer Networking • Transmission of data between two or more computers over a channel • Communication channels – – – – – – – Network cable Coaxial Telephone lines Fiber optics Satellite transmission Microwave Wireless Networking • Signals – Analog – wave form – Digital – stream of bits • Modem – Translates analog into digital and the reverse • Digital Modem – Connects one medium of transmission to connect to another (i.e. coaxial to network cable) Networks • • • • • Share files Share printers and other peripherals Run programs remotely Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Network Communication • Protocol – common language that allows devices to talk to each other – Internet protocol (IP), file transfer protocol (FTP), hypertext transfer protocol (FTP) Network Components • • • • • Server Workstations Router (Firewall) Switch (Hub) Cable Software • • • • • BIOS Operating System Utilities Security Applications – Word processing – Spreadsheets – Games Parts of a Computer • On the front – – – – – – – Floppy drive CD Rom Drive CD Burner DVD drive Power button Reset button USB ports Parts of a Computer • Around the back – – – – – – – – Power plug Fan PS/2 ports - keyboard/mouse Sound card ports Video card port Network Interface port Parallel Port USB Ports Parts of a Computer • Inside the box – – – – – – – – Drive bays Access slots Motherboard Hard drive Peripheral card Network Interface Card Power Supply Ribbon cable