Download Describe the characteristics of each of the following routing

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Question #1
Define and give examples of the following:
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IGP protocols
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IGP protocols
Interior Gateway Protocols
RIP (V1 and 2)
EIGRP (IGRP)
OSPF
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EGP protocols
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EGP protocols
Exterior Gateway Protocols
BGP - facilitates the exchange of routing information
between different autonomous systems
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Static Routing
Routers manually configured
ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.224 s0/0/0
or
ip route 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
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Dynamic Routing
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.1.0
network 172.16.0.0
network 10.0.0.0
It is automatically updated and maintained by routing
protocols.
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10
Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
RIP
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11
Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
RIP
Distant Vector Routing Protocol
Has a hop count limit of 15
Version 1 - Does not include subnet mask
information in routing updates
Sends routing table contents every 30 seconds
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12
Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
EIGRP
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Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
EIGRP
Cisco-proprietary
Enhanced distance vector routing protocol
Uses a variety of metrics
224 hop count limit
topology and neighbor table
DUAL – Diffused Update Algorithm
Builds topology table based on advertisements
Little information about distant networks and
none about distant routers
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14
Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
OSPF
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Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
OSPF
Maintains a full database of distant routers and
the methods by which they are interconnected
Does not send periodic updates of the entire
routing table
Provides fast convergence and route
authentication
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16
Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
BGP
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17
Describe the characteristics of each of
the following routing protocols.
BGP
Border Gateway Protocol
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18
Fill in the blank - Network devices installed
at the customer location are called _______
_________ __________and include
devices such as routers, modems, and
switches.
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Fill in the blank - Network devices installed
at the customer location are called
Customer Premise Equipment and include
devices such as routers, modems, and
switches.
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20
Define the following routing table terms:
Administrative distance –
Vector –
Metric –
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Define the following routing table terms:
Administrative distance - trustworthiness – RIP 120,
EIGRP 90, OSPF 110
Vector – Direction
Metric – Calculation based on algorithm
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22
Define
Static NAT -
Dynamic NAT PAT -
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Define
Static NAT - allows hosts on the public network to access
selected hosts on a private network. A one-to-one mapping is
created between an inside local and outside global address.
Dynamic NAT - allows hosts on a private network that have
private IP addresses to access a public network, such as the
Internet. Occurs when a router assigns an outside global
address from a pre-defined address, or pool of addresses, to
an inside private network device.
PAT - When an organization has a very small registered IP
address pool, or perhaps even just a single IP address, it can
still enable multiple users to simultaneously access the public
network with a mechanism called NAT overload, or Port
Address Translation (PAT). PAT translates multiple local
addresses to a single global IP address
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What subnet mask is needed to support up to 30 hosts?
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25
What subnet mask is needed to support up to 30 hosts?
255.255.255.224
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What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.64/27?
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27
What is the broadcast address for 192.168.1.64/27?
192.168.1.95
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28
If an enable password is configured and an enable secret
password is configured. Which will be used? What are the
commands for enabling secret?
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If an enable password is configured and an enable secret
password is configured. Which will be used? What are the
commands for enabling secret?
enable secret will be used
enable password passw0rd1
enable secret passw0rd2
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30
What command creates a default route?
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What command creates a default route?
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial 0/0/0 (exit interface)
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 (next hop)
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What is the default “layer 2” encapsulation on a Serial line?
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What is the default “layer 2” encapsulation on a Serial line?
hdlc
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What addresses does a switch use?
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What addresses does a switch use?
Source and Destination MAC
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36
What are the results of a ping command and a traceroute
command?
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37
Describe the router’s process for loading a start-up config file.
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38
Describe the router’s process for loading a start-up config file.
NVRAM
TFTP Server
Console – start-up
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39
Write a static route to the network 192.168.4.0/24 if the next hop
is 10.1.1.2/30
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40
Write a static route to the network 192.168.4.0/24 if the next hop
is 10.1.1.2/30
ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.2
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41
Describe the process of an ICMP ping.
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42
Describe the process of an ICMP ping.
Sends an ICMP echo request packet to the destination address
Destination sends an echo reply.
Tests the connectivity of an IP address
Depends on IP to function and work
Measures time that elapses between when the request packet is sent and
the response packet is received
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43
Describe the uses of a straight through, crossover and console
cables.
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44
Describe the uses of a straight through, crossover and console
cables.
Straight-through - Connects dissimilar devices, such as a
switch and a computer, or a switch and a router.
Crossover - Connects similar devices, such as two switches or
two computers.
Console (or Rollover) - Connects a computer to the console
port of a router or switch to do initial configuration.
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45
Define the characteristics of TCP and UDP.
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Define the characteristics of TCP and UDP.
UDP is a very simple protocol
connectionless
unreliable delivery protocol – no guarantee message has
been received by destination host
does not provide sophisticated retransmission, sequencing,
and flow control mechanisms of TCP
lower overhead
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Application Layer protocols that do use UDP include:
Domain Name System (DNS)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
RIP routing protocol
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
Online games
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47
Define the characteristics of TCP and UDP.
TCP
Uses a flow control mechanism
Uses windowing
Provides acknowledgment of receipt of data
Guarantees the sequential arrival of data packets
Verification process adds more transmissions during the file
transfer
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48
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49
Describe the speed of the following WAN connections: T3, T1,
DSL, Cable Modem
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Describe the speed of the following WAN connections: T3, T1,
DSL, Cable Modem
T3 - 44.736Mbps
T1 - 1.544Mbps
DSL – 128Kbps
Cable - 128Kbps
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51
Define the following WAN connections: point-to-point, circuitswitched, packet-switched.
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52
Define the following WAN connections: point-to-point, circuitswitched, packet-switched.
Point-to-Point - dedicated circuit with fixed bandwidth available
at all time, often called leased lines, example of a point-topoint WAN connection is a T1 or E1 link
Circuit-Switched - functions similarly to the way a phone call is
made over a telephone network, example of a circuit-switched
WAN connection is an ISDN or dialup connection
Packet-Switched - networks have connections into a switched
network, many customers share the network, each customer
has its own virtual circuit, a logical path between the sender
and receiver, example is Frame Relay
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53
What are the purpose of the following protocols:
Syslog –
SNMP –
HTTP –
FTP –
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What are the purpose of the following protocols:
Syslog – logs system events, system comprised of syslog
servers and clients
SNMP – network management protocol that enables
administrators to gather data about the network and
corresponding devices, four main components (management
station, agent, information base, management protocol)
HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol – used to transfer or
convey information on the World Wide Web
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
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Describe an SLA?
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Describe an SLA?
Service Level Agreement – documents the expectations and
obligations of both parties
Outlines the management, monitoring, and maintenance of a
network.
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57
Describe encapsulation using the OSI model.
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Describe encapsulation using the OSI model.
Application – DATA – initiates the process
Presentation – DATA – Format, encode, encrypt, compress
Session – DATA – Establishes and monitors session with
destination
Transport – SEGMENT – Add TCP/UDP port numbers
Network – PACKETS – Assign IP (logical) Addresses
Data Link – FRAMES – Adds hardware addresses (MAC)
Physical – BITS – Generate signals and timing
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59
What are some of the common protocols and technologies that
operate at layer 2.
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60
What are some of the common protocols and technologies that
operate at layer 2.
.
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61
What are some of the common protocols and technologies that
operate at layer 2.
Ethernet, HDLC, PPP, Frame-Relay
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62
Write the configuration for a dhcp pool called exampool. The
network that is to used for DHCP is the 192.168.10.0 / 24. The
router has an ip address of 192.168.10.1 and the dns server is
192.168.10.2.
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63
Write the configuration for a dhcp pool called exampool. The
network that is to used for DCHCP is the 192.168.10.0 / 24. The
router has an ip address of 192.168.10.1 and the dns server is
192.168.10.2.
ip dhcp pool exampool
network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
dns-server 192.168.10.2
default-router 192.168.10.1
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.1 192.168.10.2
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64
What is the function of the “service password-encryption”
command?
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What is the function of the “service password-encryption
command?
Prevents passwords in configuration files from being easily
read
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66
Explain how FTP works.
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Explain how FTP works.
Passes control information on port 21
Transfer segments on port 22 closes connection automatically
when the file transfer is complete
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68
What does AAA stand?
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What does AAA stand?
Explain the purpose of each A.
Authentication, Authorization, Accounting
prevents unauthorized access to a network
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70
What purpose does a server running the RADIUS protocol have?
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71
What purpose does a server running the RADIUS protocol have?
Authentication databases are typically stored on servers that
use the Radius protocols
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72
How does DNS work?
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How does DNS work?
DNS relies on the hierarchy of decentralized servers to maintain
records.
The root DNS server may not know exactly where the host H1.cisco.com is
located, but it does have a record for the .com top-level domain. Likewise, the
servers within the .com domain may not have a record for H1.cisco.com either,
but they do have a record for the cisco.com domain. The DNS servers within
the cisco.com domain do have the record for H1.cisco.com and can resolve the
address.
The root servers maintain records about how to reach top-level
domain servers.
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How does DNS work?
Resource Record - data record in the database file of a DNS
zone
Domain Name System Servers – maintain the databases
Resolver – When a domain name is used, the resolver queries
the DNS server to translate that name of an IP address
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75
Explain the 3 troubleshooting methods.
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Explain the 3 troubleshooting methods.
Top-down
Bottom-up
Divide and conquer
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77
Explain Distant Vector
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Explain Distant Vector
The distance vector algorithm evaluates the route information
it receives from other routers using two basic criteria:
Distance - How far away is the network from this router?
Vector - In which direction should the packet be sent to
reach this network?
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79
Why might a serial connection appear – STATUS UP and
PROTOCOL DOWN
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Why might a serial connection appear – STATUS UP and
PROTOCOL DOWN
Serial connections may experience problems caused by packet
errors, configuration errors, or mismatches in encapsulation and
timing. Because serial WAN connections usually rely on a
CSU/DSU or modem for timing, these devices must be considered
when troubleshooting.
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81
Explain the results of the following Show/Debug commands:
Show ip protocols –
Show ip route –
Debug ip rip –
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Explain the results of the following Show commands:
Show ip protocols – verifies routing protocol configured and
what networks are being advertised
Show ip route – shows the routing table
Debug ip rip – observe the networks advertised and the routing
updates as they are sent and received
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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Q and A
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