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Learning Objects Network Slide 1 Learning Objects Network U.S. Dept. of Defense Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) Association of American Publishers 40 colleges and universities Training companies Corporations 2 Learning Objects Who is using them and why? What are they? Is there a market? Is there a channel? What does this have to do with DOI? What is the schedule and who are the participants? 3 Learning Object Communities CEN/ISSS ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 PROMETEUS IMS Asia Singapore IMS Australia 4 Building the Framework For the Digital Knowledge Environment 5 SCORM CONTENT AGGREGATION MODEL Meta-data XML Binding Best Practice From IMS RUN-TIME ENVIRONMENT Content to LMS API From AICC Course Structure Format Derived from AICC Meta-data dictionary From IEEE Content to LMS data model From AICC Multi-Billion Dollar Problem Each battleship contains 44 tons of paper documentation about which two things are known. . . It is out of date The right person has never read it 7 Multi-Billion Dollar Problem A single plane will hold 1 million plus parts A helicopter can have a hundred configurations, thousands of subcontractors, million of parts with weekly updates and over $10 million per year in FedX bills. 8 Who Is Using Learning Objects? Universities Corporate training U.S. Dept. of Defense and NATO U.S. Federal Agencies (compliance under review) Corporations— Boeing, Microsoft Cisco Sun Microsystems IBM 9 Why Are Learning Objects Used? Reduced time in training and course creation (30%) Reduced costs (30 to 40%) Interoperable for other purposes (supplies, medical treatment) Improved understanding and retention 10 The Learning Technology Potential Average tutored student’s achievement is better than 98% of classroom students 2s # Students 1s Classroom Students Current Technology NextGeneration Technology Learning Improvements Adapted From: Bloom, B.S. The Two-Sigma Problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring. Educational Researcher. 13,4-16 (1984) SCORM Learning Objects Sharable, Reusable, Interoperable, Locatable, Purchasable For reuse of component pieces to be possible, they must be built to a common “object” model Components that share a common model can be reassembled and reused 12 Learning Objects—From Raw Assets to Something Bigger “Raw” Assets Asset Tagged Asset Whole Web Page Asset JPEG Asset XML Doc Asset Asset GIF Asset Raw Media Meta -Data Content Package WAV Asset HTML Fragment Asset Asset JavaScript Functions Flash Object Assets are authored and tagged with meta-data – the created assets are first level IP SCORM/IMS – ONIX Metadata Mapping Value domain Description / comments ONIX element(s) whose content may map directly to content of this SCORM element Cardinality M/O/R lom 1..1 M Top-level element containing all others. general 1..1 M identifier 0..1 O General information about the resource DOI?, ProductIdentifier.IDValue? Unique global identifier. Corresponds to DC.Identifier. Scheme to be determined (possibly DOI?) title 1..1 M 1.. M SCORM meta-data element NOTE - The SCORM meta-data elements are identical to those defined in the IMS Learning Resource Meta-data XML Binding Version 1.2, unless otherwise indicated langstring string Title of the resource. Corresponds to DC.Title Text string with optional string, max 1000 chars 'xml:lang' attribute. If this element occurs more than once in its parent, the xml:lang attribute is required on all occurrences and the language code values (ISO 639) must be distinct. DistinctiveTitle, Title.TitleText 14 Assets are authored into a (hopefully) reusable learning experience (a Sharable Content Object) – adding new IP in the process Asset Whole Web Page Asset JPEG Asset XML Doc SCO content.htm Api=getAPI(); Var result = api.LMSInitialize(“”); Var val = api.LMSGetValue(cmi.abc.xyz”); Asset GIF Asset Asset Asset XML Doc GIF Asset Flash Object WAV Asset Asset JPEG HTML Fragment Asset Asset WAV Asset Asset JavaScript Functions Asset JavaScript Functions Flash Object HTML Fragment Var result = api.LMSFinish(“”); Tagged Content Aggregation CSF Meta-data SCO SCO SCO Meta-data SCO Meta-data SCO Meta-data Meta-data SCO SCO Asset Whole Web Page Asset JPEG content.htm Api=getAPI(); Var result = api.LMSInitialize(“”); Var val = api.LMSGetValue(cmi.abc.xyz”); Asset XML Doc SCO Asset GIF Asset Asset Asset XML Doc GIF Asset Flash Object WAV Asset Asset JPEG HTML Fragment Asset Asset JavaScript Functions Asset JavaScript Functions Flash Object Asset WAV Var result = api.LMSFinish(“”); Asset HTML Fragment Content objects are authored into a specific learning strategy experience – adding still more IP Tagged Content Aggregation CSF (Content Aggregation) SCO DOI SCO Course Meta-data DOI SCO Content Meta-data DOI SCO Course Meta-data SCO Course Meta-data SCO Course Meta-data SCO Content Package 17 SCORM: Object-Oriented Solution 18 DoD ADL View Of Repositories Industry Specific Work User Profiles Business Rules Metering Testbed Get/Put Services Search Services Storage 19 Is There a Channel? LON’s task is to build a working test bed marketplace infrastructure that is a network of content repositories controlled by content owners, that can be accessed from multiple points for network-wide . . . Search Retrieval Transactions Authentication/verification Rights and rules 20 High-Level Block Architecture Basic LMS Advanced LMS Authoring Tools Other Tools APIs Users Community Access Points APIs Repositories (Artesia) Basic Search Security Extended Search Registries DRM User Profiles TX and Audit APIs Messaging Legend LON First Phase 3rd PARTY LON + Partners ADL / Users Network Services Core Services LON + Users Later Phase 21 One-to-One Agreements Content Owners Exchanges Content Users Defense Defense Education Education Energy Energy Finance Finance Government Government Healthcare Healthcare Legal Legal Manufacturing Manufacturing Publishing Publishing 22 Many-to-Many Relationships Content Owners Exchanges Content Users Defense Defense Education Education Energy Finance Government Healthcare Legal LON DOI Registry and Authenticated Infrastructure Energy Finance Government Healthcare Legal Manufacturing Manufacturing Publishing Publishing Re-purpose, Distribute and Update 23 Is There A Market? The Role of “Learning Objects” Has Changed Learning communities (k-12, higher education, continuing education, corporate training, just-in-time instruction) Instruction sources (government agencies, companies, medical services, etc.) Documentation and specifications Supply management, ordering and shipping Knowledge management systems Reference and research 24 What Is Role of DOI? Phase 1 Raw assets (text, video, audio, simulations) Learning objects (single courses) Documents Physical objects Phase 2 Personal ID and Profiles (learning, medical, credit, etc.) Knowledge management Supply and channel management Transactions 25 Core Architecture Metadata repository and DOIs Profile repository (trust) and DOIs Transaction tracking and DOIs Hard goods metadata repository, DOIs, and order/supply 26 Next Steps Accelerated Development of Learning Objects and Infrastructure Commercial transactions now underway Test repositories installed Network infrastructure being built out Research CRADA project selecting content users, providers, processes, legal structure 27 Schedule Test repositories at co-labs and some publishers in place Content selection, design, etc. by Nov. 10 Preliminary infrastructure by late November Operational infrastructure early next year (?) Evaluations and reports (?) Dynamic sequencing, wireless, etc. 28 ADL 2001 Jan Feb AICC IMS TB Mar Apr May IMS TB IEEE Jun SCORM 1.1 Release Aug IMS TB AICC IEEE Business Rules: LON and Content Owners IMS Content Packaging Test & Evaluation Phase 1. Content Packaging Application Profiles; 2. New LOM & Binding Jul ADL PlugFest 4 Cont. Pack. Nov Dec IMS TB AICC IEEE ADL PlugFest 6 Data Models Seq.&Nav SCORM 1.3 Release SCORM 2.0 Release New Data Models Seq. & Nav. Skins, etc. Query Services Application Profiles Developers Guide To SCORM 1. Content Model - Meta-data Repository Functional Requirements - XML Binding - CSF 2. Run-time Environment 2.0 SCORM Architecture - API Scope Document - Data Model IEEE Oct ADL PlugFest 5 Repositories SCORM 1.2 Release Sep LON Repository Test Bed Repository Query Services Seq.& Navigation, Skins, Learning Models 2.0 SCORM Advanced Research -Performance Support -Intelligent Tutoring Systems -Simulations LON Hand Held Delivery SCORM 2.0 Test & Evaluation Phase Coordinated Test Bed - CMU & National Guard Bureau LON Content Conversion/Repository Test External Services: Consulting, File Conversion, Certification 29