Download IS Infrastructure

IS Infrastructure
Managing Infrastructure and
Services
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Infrastructure
• Definition:
– The basic physical and organizational
structures and facilities needed for the
operation of a society or enterprise
• For a city this would include:
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Streets
Sewer
Water
Electricity
• Obviously the IT infrastructure
would be a little different for an
enterprise
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
What is IS Infrastructure?
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Hardware
System software
Application software
Storage
Networking
Data centers
Never forget the people that run all
of these
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Hardware
• Starts with the computer
• These come in all sizes and
expenses
– Personal to super
• See the next slide for a comparison
table
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Sizes
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Software
• System software is the program(s)
that allows use of a computer
• Application software is what we
wanted to do with the computer in
the first place
• We will see a subsequent
presentation that looks at both of
these
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Storage
• The place where data is
permanently stored
– Computer memory is volatile
• Typically includes
– Rotating magnetic media
– Magnetic tape
– New kid on block is Solid State Drives
(SSD) and Storage Class Memory (SCM)
• Each of these have a range of costs
and access speeds
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Networks
• Communications mechanism that
requires:
– Sender and receiver
– Transmission pathway
– Protocols (rules) for how the
communication must occur
• Like human communication, the
message still has to be:
– Formulated, encoded, transmitted,
received, decoded, and understood for
communication to have taken place
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Type
Personal
area
network
(PAN)
Local area
network
(LAN)
Wide area
network
(WAN)
Sizes of Networks
Usage
Size
Wireless communication Under 10
between devices
meters
(Bluetooth)
Sharing of data,
software
applications, and other
resources between
several users
Connect multiple LANs,
distributed
ownership and
management
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Typically a
building
Large physical
distance, up to
worldwide
Internet
• The Internet is one of several global
networks
– Communicating smaller nets
• The Internet has standard protocols
– TCP/IP among others
• Transmission Control Protocol and Internet
Protocol
• The Internet is based on
internetworking, or combining
networks to form larger networks
– Routers copy messages from one
LAN/WAN to another
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
World Wide Web
• The World Wide Web is one of many
things that uses the Internet
– The World Wide Web is not the Internet
• The World Wide Web is
– Web protocols (e.g., HTML and HTTP)
– Web pages (documents containing
HTML )
– Web servers (store and provide access
to Web pages via a Web site)
– Web browsers (provide users with an
interface to Web pages)
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Names and Addresses
• Usually we use a Universal
Resource Locator (URL) to find a
web page
• The web browser broadcasts that
name
• Any Data Name Server (DNS) will
respond with an IP number
– WWW.VCSU.EDU is 134.129.3.179
• The browser uses the IP number to
contact the server in question
– The IP could be used directly
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
URLs
• Usually three pieces
• The last one is the type of high level
domain
– .GOV is government
– .EDU is education
– .ORG is (usually non-profit)
organization
– .COM is a business
– There are many others
• Next to last is domain name
• First is the host in domain
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Web Components
• Interconnected networks
• Clients request Web page hosted on
server
• Server breaks into packets
• Packets stream over internet to
client
• Client reassembles
• Client can request retransmission of
any missing packets
• Web browser translates Web page
into visible output
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Intranets and Extranets
• Companies have confidential data
which needs to be shared on a
limited basis
• Intranet: password-protected Web
site designed for sharing within the
company
• Extranet: password-protected Web
site designed for sharing with select
partners
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Data Centers
• Where the computing and some
networking hardware is
concentrated
• May be as small as a room in a
building
• May be as big as a large warehouse
– Thousands of servers and storage
• Centers facilitate security, easy
upgrades or repairs and managing
all of the equipment
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill
Conclusion
• This is been a brief look at parts of
the information system
infrastructure
• This included hardware, networks
and data centers
• We next look at some of the
fundamental pieces of software
Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill