Download Lynette_Laffea_habitatsensor - University of Colorado Boulder

Wireless Sensor Networks for Habitat Monitoring
A student uses the 'petrel peeper', a portable infrared video system,
to inspect a burrow. Students at Maine's College of the Atlantic are
using the data to learn more about Storm Petrels in their native habitat.
Wireless biological sensors placed in nests
BY
Alan Mainwaring and David Culler – Intel Research, Berkeley Intel Corporation
Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk and David Culler – EECS Department University of California at Berkeley
John Anderson – College of the Atlantic Bar Harbor, Maine
OUTLINE
1. Requirements for Habitat Monitoring are Established
2. Design Requirements for Hardware, Sensor Network and
Capabilities for Remote Data Access and Management are
Determined
3. A System Architecture is Proposed to Address these
Requirements
4. A Specific Instance of the Architecture is Presented for
Monitoring Seabird Nesting Environments and Behavior
5. Results and Recommendations are Discussed
Habitat Monitoring Questions
• What is the usage pattern of nesting burrows over 24-72 hour cycle
when one or both members of a breeding pair may alternate
incubation duties with feeding at sea?
• What changes can be observed in the burrow and surface
environmental parameters during the course of the approximately 7
month breeding season(April-October)?
• What are the differences in the micro-environments with and without
large numbers of nesting petrals?
Habitat Monitoring Requirements
• Minimal disturbance in monitoring
FOR EXAMPLE ...
• Simple, Easy deployment
• Economical Method for Conducting Long Term Studies
10.
Existing Land-Atmosphere Observation
Systems
• Requires local power utilities
• Requires miles of power cables
• Expensive(~100k)
• Takes weeks to deploy
• Requires flat locations
• Measurements are limited to tower footprints
Remote Sensing Requirements
•
Internet Access
•
Hierarchical Network (wireless capability)
•
Sensor Network Longevity (9-12 months)
•
Operating off-the-grid (bundled energy supplies)
•
Management at-a-distance (PDA – Query a Sensor, Adjust Param,
Locate Devices)
•
Inconspicuous operation
•
System Behavior
•
In-situ Interactions
•
Sensors and Sampling
•
Data Archiving
Proposed System Architecture
Initial
Deployment
Strategy
Implementation Strategy
Sensor Network Node
Sensor Board
Energy Budget
Panel Size in^2 = Total Watt Hours per Day x ____1_____
Peak Winter Hours
.065W / in^2
Expected Lifetime
Sensor Deployment Packaging
GREAT IDEA…EXCEPT THE SIZE OF THE MICE
WAS TOO LARGE TO FIT IN PETREL BURROWS!
Environmental Protective Packaging that Minimally Obstruct Sensing Functionality
Sensor Deployment Packaging
Environmental Protective Packaging that Minimally Obstruct Sensing Functionality
Patch Gateway
FIRST CHOICE : CerfCube Strong Arm embedded System Running Linux and 802
w/ CompactFlash 802.11b adapter 1GB Storage and Solar Panel 2.4GHz antenna
w/Range of 1000 feet
HOWEVER – 802.11b requires bidirectional link in MAC and has TCP/IP Overhead
And had 2 required 2 orders of magnitude more power than a mote
Base Station Installation (DBMS)
User Interfaces including a PDA
RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
OTHER APPLICATION SERVICES
LOCALIZATION, TIME SYNCRONIZATION AND SELF CONFIGURATION
DATA SAMPLING AND COLLECTION
Communications
Power Efficient Communication Paradigms must include routing
algorithms, medium access algorithms and managed hardware
access tailored for efficient network communication while maintaining
connectivity when required to source or relay packets. Future above
ground nodes will have harvesting capabilities to enable node hop
routing
Health Status Monitoring
Diagnostics such as voltage at periodic rates as opposed to only during transmission
(or Intelligent Schemes)
LATER ADVANCES
NEW WEATHER BOARD DESIGN
Mica Sensorboard
The mica sensorboard can have these sensors:
•temperature
•photo
•magnetomer
•accelerometer
•microphone
•sounder (buzzer)
MICA 2
CALIBRATION
NEW PACKAGING