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iMPath Networks Multicast Solution How does it work ? Digital Video Solution for Multiple Viewers July 2005 version 3 Hit left mouse key, the Enter key or Page Up or Down to advance to the next slide Note to Viewer iMPath Networks • The content of this tutorial provides an overview of IGMP used in Digital Multicast networks to familiarize customers with the technology. • The information in this document is subject to change without notifice. • While every precaution was taken in the preparation of this document, iMPath assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. • Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact: Daniel Brisson Sr. System Engineer iMPath Networks Inc Tel: 613-226-4000 x 297 Email: [email protected] Gilles Lebel Sr. System Engineer iMPath Networks Inc Tel: 613-226-4000 x 224 Email: [email protected] Typical Network Requirements Backbone Monitor any video from anywhere in the network iMPath Networks Multicast iMPath Networks • Multicast. Allows sending one copy of each packet to the group of computers that want to receive it. Multicast can be implemented at the Ethernet linklayer or at the network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model). Computers join and leave multicast groups by using the IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Each host can register itself as a member of selected multicast groups through use of the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP). • Multicast is commonly used in audio and video streaming applications. – It allows a single source of traffic to be viewed by multiple destinations simultaneously. – It is designed to provide an efficient transmission using the least amount of bandwidth on the network to save cost. IGMP is a standard IP protocol supported by most LAN/WAN vendors in traditional LAN products, ATM, and gigabit Ethernet solutions. • Typical Network Components L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg L2 Switch L2 Switch Networks Typical high speed backbone network consisting of Layer 2 or Layer 3 Ethernet Switches. L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg 100 Meg High Speed Switches are located at major hub locations to collect or drop off data traffic from this distribution center. L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder iMPath L2 Switch Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Field hub locations are distributed where the end devices are located. They are Decoder used to collect and distribute traffic for DecoderMessage Cameras, Traffic Controllers, Signs and many more. Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder •Controls camera PTZ L2 Switch Encoder Several topologies can be used such as Star and Linear topologies being the most Virtual Matrix Control Console common. •Displays video to monitors Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Encoder Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2 Typical Network Components L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg The Control Centers provide L2 Switch L2 Switch video viewing and control of Encoder Encoder the Camera PTZ, Traffic Controllers, or Message signs to L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder name just a few. L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch iMPath Networks Multiple Control Centers may be deployed with this architecture. L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg 100 Meg L2 Switch L2 Switch Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The Virtual Matrix is commonly used in digital video L2 Switch networks providing video Encoder display and control and to L2 Switch operate complementary Encoder integrated applications. L2 Switch Encoder Virtual Matrix Control Console Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Encoder Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2 iMPath Why use IGMP? Networks Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... 100 Meg L2 Switch 100 Meg L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch 100 Meg L2 Switch Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Without IGMP support, multicast traffic is transmitted to all the ports in each network switch. Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch This unnecessary traffic floods the interfaces and can quickly bog down the entire network. Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Virtual Matrix Control Console Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Encoder Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2 iMPath Why use IGMP? Networks For example: With 25 cameras deployed, Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, Gigabit Ethernet... each transmitting at 5 LAN, Mbps, you will have over 125 Mbps of combined traffic on your network 100Base-T L2 Switch 100Base-T L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch 125 Mbps of traffic on each 100Base-X interface !!!!!! 100Base-T L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Encoder 125 Mbps of traffic Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Decoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder 125 Mbps of traffic L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Virtual Matrix Control Console Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Encoder Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2 iMPath Why use IGMP? Networks For example: With 25 cameras deployed, Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, Gigabit Ethernet... each transmitting at 5 LAN, Mbps, you will have over 125 Mbps of traffic on your network 100Base-T L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch 100Base-T Switch On a 100L2Mbps interface (optics or electrical) you Encoder cannot pass more then 100 Mbps of traffic. L2 Switch 100Base-T L2 Switch Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder In fact a typical recommendation in the L2 Switch Encoder industry is not to exceed 70% of the bandwidth in any segment. L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder PROBLEM Combined 125 Mbps of traffic on these interfaces. Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder •Controls camera PTZ L2 Switch Encoder The capacity of this network is Virtual Matrix Control Console with only 25 cameras •Displays video toexceeded monitors •Displays video to monitors Virtual Matrix Control Console •Controls camera PTZ Encoder Typical field encoder collector network Control Center # 1 Control Center # 2 iMPath Traffic flow with IGMP Networks Only 15 Mbps of multicast traffic flows on this link Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... 100Base-T 100 Meg 100Base-T Video Stream 3 Video Stream 1 L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Video Stream 2 Encoder Encoder Only 5 Mbps of Multicast traffic Flows on this port Decoder Decoder Video Stream 3 L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Virtual Matrix Control Console Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Traffic is only present on the backbone when a requests the Control specific encoder stream Typical field encoder collector decoder network Center #1 Encoder Encoder Control Center # 2 iMPath How does it work? L3 Switch/Router Networks L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg Encoder The Routers build and share a table of all the “IGMP servers” available on the network. They keep a table of all the available Multicast Addresses This Router will not forward any of the multicast traffic until it receives a request from a decoder (client) Decoder The Encoder is considered a “server” in the IGMP world. It generates a video signal that will be made available to any Decoder (client) on the network. The Encoder transmits a signal with a distinct destination address. Between 224.x.x.x to 239.x.x.x. (some addresses are reserved for specific applications) Typical field encoder collector network Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Control Center # 1 Here is how it works - iMPath Networks Joining a Group L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg 4 The Router responds and forwards the traffic to this specific port on the Ethernet switch. 3 The Decoder registers this address in its table and forwards the request (join the multicast group) to the network 2 The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the decoder to view a specific video stream. (request to see video from address 224.168.32.55) Encoder 224.168.32.55 Decoder Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network 1 The operator makes a request to see a video on a specific monitor Control Center # 1 Here is how it works - iMPath Networks Leaving a Group L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router Digital Backbone; ATM, SONET, LAN, Gigabit Ethernet... L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router L3 Switch/Router 100 Meg Encoder 224.168.32.107 Video B 4 The Router stops video stream A, adds the new video B to the group, and releases the traffic for video B to this specific port on the Ethernet switch. 3 The Decoder un-registers from the present viewing address (a “leave” message is sent) followed by a “join” message which is sent with the new multicast stream. 2 … the Virtual Matrix application ONLY forwards a single message to the decoder to view video B stream. (request to see video from address 224.168.32.107) Encoder 224.168.32.55 Video A Decoder Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Typical field encoder collector network 1 When the operator makes a request to change the view from video A to video B… Control Center # 1 Choosing your network elements iMPath Networks • There are several types of digital network technologies to choose from. – SONET and ATM are still applicable but are now rarely deployed on new installations. – Ethernet is the most common technology due to the wide range of affordable products available from many manufacturers and the familiarity with Ethernet and IP technology. – The components more commonly used to build Ethernet networks are Ethernet Switches. – A high capacity Ethernet network is often referred to as the “backbone” network. Choosing your network switches iMPath Networks • Choosing Ethernet Switches for your backbone network could depend on several factors… – Your specific port density requirements – Network topology – Temperature hardened requirements (outdoor) – Support for IGMP protocol – Your preferred manufacturer – Specific product functionality • This tutorial will explore a few topologies and the IGMP functionality of different Ethernet Switches. Ethernet Switch selection iMPath Networks • There are 3 types of Ethernet Switches – Layer 2 Switch • Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table. • Broadcasts the Multicast traffic across all its ports – There are no Multicast traffic filters with these switches – Layer 2 Switch with IGMP Snooping • Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table • Provides limited control of Multicast traffic to prevent broadcast of the traffic to all ports. • Layer 3 IGMP master is needed in the network – Layer 3 Switch/Router with IGMP • Distributes traffic to each destination using MAC addressing table. • Distributes traffic to each destination using IP subnet addressing table. • Provides maximum control of Multicast traffic to prevent broadcast of the traffic to all ports and all subnet. Layer 2 Switch iMPath Networks Functionality The combined Multicast Traffic is sent to all ports in each Switch Combined 20 Mbps Multicast Video Traffic 20 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Decoder 5 Mbps Multicast Video per Encoder This is a valid network topology for small networks Ensure no more then 70% of the bandwidth of the lowest negotiated Ethernet port speed is used. Not to be used with 10 Meg Half Duplex devices. 20 Mbps 0 Mbps 20 Mbps 0 Mbps 15 Mbps 5 Mbps 15 Mbps 5 Mbps 15 Mbps 5 Mbps 15 Mbps 5 Mbps Bandwidth Restriction applies. Decoder Layer 3 Switch/Router with IGMP iMPath Networks Functionality Multicast traffic is filtered out at each switch Only the required traffic is transmitted on the network Combined 10 Mbps Multicast Video Traffic 10 Mbps L3 Switch L3 Switch Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Decoder This is a valid network topology for any network - No topology restrictions 5 Meg 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Meg 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Meg 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Meg 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Meg 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps Deploying a Layer 3 at each collector HUB could be expensive Decoder Layer 2 & 3 Switch iMPath Networks Typical Topology 0 Mbps 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Video 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Video L3 Switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch 5 Mbps Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder The L3 Switch controls all Multicast traffic. L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder In and out. Decoder Decoder It eliminates transmitting the combined multicast traffic unnecessarily to each port. L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The use of L2 Switch in this topology is very common. Multicast traffic is repeated on all ports of the switch within the segment but traffic from other segments is not seen. Traffic between the segments is controlled by the L3 switch. Economical and practical solution that is very easy to deploy. Layer 2 & 3 Switch iMPath Typical Topology – Industry concern Networks 35 Mbps 0 Mbps L2 Switch L3 Switch 35 Mbps Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch 5 Meg 0 Meg 0 Meg L2 Switch L2 Switch 5 Meg Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder This solution is very effective and greatly simplifies Network Management. L2 Switch Decoder Decoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder However, it is sometimes necessary to filter IGMP traffic at the edge. L2 Switch Encoder Such solutions were previously overlooked for economical reasons. L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch An economical solution now exist: L2 switch with IGMP Snooping Encoder Overview of OSI Model $ Application Layer 7. Presentation Layer 6 Session Layer 5 Transport Layer 4 Network iMPath Networks Traditionally performed by Routers Layer 3- This layer defines the addressing and routing structure of the Inter-network This layer controls the Multicast traffic on the network. Performed by Switches $ Data Link Physical Layer 2- This layer defines the framing, addressing and error control of Ethernet packets. Port addressing uses MAC address of each device. This layer effectively treats Multicast traffic as broadcast traffic. Layer 1 Overview of OSI Model $ Network iMPath Networks Layer 3- This layer defines the addressing and routing structure of the Inter-network This layer controls the Multicast traffic on the network. This product can be used instead of expensive Routers $ Layer 2 with IGMP Snooping- Layer 2 Switches with IGMP Snooping functionality are now available. Provide all the functionality of a Layer 2 switch with PARTIAL IGMP support. This layer provides some Multicast traffic control on the network. New product introduced Available with different port densities. 100Base-Fx to Gigabit trunks. Temperature Hardened Wide choice of manufacturers and products. $ Data Link Layer 2- This layer defines the framing, addressing and error control of Ethernet packets. Port addressing uses MAC address of each device. This layer effectively treats Multicast traffic as broadcast traffic. Layer 2 Switch with IGMP Snooping iMPath Functionality Networks Local traffic is filtered out at each switch. Eliminates multicasts traffic to all the ports All the multicast traffic is sent to the central site. The L3 switch still controls the IGMP table of the network. 20 Mbps Combined Multicast Video Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Valid network topology for any network No topology restrictions Decoder 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 0 Mbps L3 Switch 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps 0 Mbps 5 Mbps L2 with IGMP Snooping Decoder L2 with Snooping & L3 Switch iMPath Networks Typical Topology 35 Mbps L3 Switch 35 Mbps L2 Switch Encoder Bandwidth Restriction applies. No more “70% of link capacity” L2 Switch 5 Mbps 0 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch 0 Mbps Encoder Encoder 5 Mbps L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder These links contain the combined Multicast traffic from all the Encoders in their segment i.e. 35 Mbps. Decoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder Encoder Switches with IGMP Snooping eliminate flooding local interfaces with Multicast traffic. L2 Switch Encoder Very practical implementation Management of the Ethernet Switches is required. Decoder How does it work? iMPath Networks From the Encoder to the L3 Switch L3 Switch 0 Mbps 35 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch 5 Mbps Encoder 0 Mbps The L2 Switch with IGMP Snooping detects the Query message from the L3 Switch and logs internally the ports that pass traffic to the L3 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Decoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch L2 Switch eliminates flooding of the local interfaces and passes the Multicast traffic to the L3 Switch for processing. Encoder The L2 Switch detects/identifies the Multicast stream source and logs internally what port this stream came from. L2 Switch Encoder Each Encoder forwards a constant Multicast stream to the Ethernet Switch (224-239.x.x.x) The L3 Switch forwards the IGMP Query on all its ports to determine if there are any devices that wish to subscribe to a Multicast Group. How does it work? iMPath Networks From the Encoder to the L3 Switch At this point, the Multicast traffic from all Encoders is combined on this link towards the L3 Switch. 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Traffic L3 Switch 0 Mbps L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder 5 Mbps 0 Mbps Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Decoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The L3 Switch detects the Multicast traffic arriving on this interface and logs internally all the Multicast address for distribution. How does it work? iMPath Networks From the L3 Switch to the Decoder L3 Switch 0 Meg 35 Mbps Combined Multicast Traffic L2 Switch L2 Switch Encoder The L3 Switch responds and releases the traffic to this specific port on the Ethernet switch. L2 Switch Decoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch 5 Mbps 0 Mbps Encoder The Decoder registers this address in its table and forwards the request (“join” the multicast group) to the network Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the decoder to view a specific video stream on a specific monitor. (request to see video from address 224.168.32.55) The operator makes a request to see a video on a specific monitor Virtual Matrix Control Console •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ Control Center # 1 How does it work? iMPath Networks From the L3 Switch to the Decoder 0 Meg The L3 Switch responds by forwarding the stream 35 Mbps 224.168.32.140 L3 Switch L2 Switch Encoder The L3 Switch responds by stopping the stream 224.168.32.55 L2 Switch Decoder Encoder L2 Switch Encoder 5 Mbps L2 Switch 0 Mbps Encoder The Decoder sends an IGMP request to join (224.168.32.140) The Decoder sends an IGMP “leave” message. No longer need to receive the Multicast steam (224.168.32.55) L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder The Decoder registers this address in its table and forwards two messages to the switch L2 Switch Virtual Matrix Control Console Encoder The Virtual Matrix application forwards a message to the decoder to view a specific video stream. (224.168.32.140) •Displays video to monitors •Controls camera PTZ The operator makes a NEW request to see a video onCenter a specific Control # 1 monitor How does it work? iMPath Networks Typical Star Topology Multicast traffic flows from all Encoders to the L3 Switch L3 Switch controls the distribution of all Multicast traffic to Decoders L3 Switch Decoders Encoder L2 Switch with IGMP Snooping Watch for… iMPath Networks Limitations of IGMP Snooping If this is a Gig E link and you have more then 70 Meg of Video traffic, no other application will run on this network until the link is re-established. L3 Switch Maximum port traffic will be exceeded. L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder In the event of a communication break between the L2 and L3 switches, the L2 IGMP Snooping switch will behave like a L2 switchDecoder L2 Switch A few minutes after loss of signal, the switches may* flood all Multicast signals to the ports of every switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder * Behavior may differ depending on switch manufacturer. L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switches with IGMP Snooping have limitations. Watch for… iMPath Networks Distributed Control Centers This switch will allow traffic from network A to flow to the Decoder when a “join” request is received. Multicast traffic flows to the L3 Switch L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L3 Switch Network A Encoder Encoder Video Source A Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Multicast “join” request sent to the L3 Switch Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1 Watch for… iMPath Networks Distributed Control Centers It will not be possible to view any video. Not even local video. This switch requires connectivity to the L3 switch to provide local “join” L2 Snooping Communication break L2 Snooping L3 Switch Network A Encoder Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Video Source A This limitation can be eliminated by installing an L3 Switch at all Control Centers. Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1 Watch for… iMPath Networks Distributed Control Centers to the L3 Switch All Multicast traffic flows will flow to the L3 Switch L2 Snooping L2 Snooping L3 Switch L2 Snooping This switch will only forward traffic from video source B when the Decoder requests to join a video from source B Encoder Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Encoder Video Source A Encoder Video Source B Multicast “join” requests are sent to the L3 Switch Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1 Configuration Tips iMPath Networks L2 Switch with IGMP Snooping This switch generates IGMP Queries. It is considered as the “Master” or the “Active” device Two IGMP configuration modes can be set in the switches. Passive L2 Snooping Encoder Encoder Passive L2 Snooping Decoder Decoder Passive L3 Switch Decoder Decoder In this topology, there can only be one Master unit. Control Center # 2 Control Center # 1 L2 Snooping Encoder Encoder Configuration Tips iMPath Networks L2 Switch with IGMP Snooping Some L2 Switches with IGMP Snooping can be configured as Passive or Active Passive L2 Snooping This switch generates IGMP Queries. It is considered as the “Master” or the “Active” device Passive L2 Snooping Passive L2 Snooping L2 Snooping In this topology, there can only be one Master unit. Encoder Encoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Decoder Encoder Encoder This topology should only be considered for small networks. Most L2 IGMP Snooping Switches do not have the capacity to handle a large table# 2of IGMP Control Multicast Control Center Center #traffic. 1 Multi-Vendor Support iMPath Avoid…Mixing IGMP Snooping Switches Passive L2 Snooping Passive L2 Snooping Manufacturer A Encoder Encoder Active L2 Snooping Manufacturer A Decoder Decoder Control Center # 2 Networks Passive L2 Snooping Manufacturer B Decoder Decoder Manufacturer B Encoder Encoder Control Center # 1 Although some L2 IGMP Snooping Switch manufacturers may imply that they can integrate into a multi-vendor solution, this is not recommended since IGMP Snooping is not an RFC standard. Implementation differs between manufacturers. (Proven to fail in our labs) Multi-Vendor Support iMPath Recommendation … Use L2 with IGMP Snooping “Hardened” products are available Networks L3 Switch L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Keep it simple. A single manufacturer solution is recommended Decoder L2 Switch High end products should be used for L3 Switch to control all your Multicast traffic. Products from Foundry, Extreme, Nortel and Cisco (to name just a few) should be used. Encoder These are typically non-hardened products L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder L2 Switch Encoder Several vendors offer a wide range of products for this application. Several (including Magnum 6Ks from GarrettCom) were tested at iMPath with positive results. Multi-Vendor Support iMPath Avoid… Networks L3 Switch L2 Switch Manufacturer A Encoder L2 Switch Manufacturer A Do not MIX different vendors IGMP Snooping switches in this topology. It will most-likely not work Encoder Decoder L2 Switch Manufacturer A Encoder L2 Switch Manufacturer A Encoder L2 Switch Manufacturer B Encoder L2 Switch Manufacturer A Encoder L2 Switch Manufacturer B Encoder Although some L2 IGMP Snooping Switch vendors may suggest they can integrate into a multi-vendor solution, this is not recommended since IGMP Snooping is not a RFC standard. Implementation differs between manufacturers. (Proven to fail in our labs) Multi-Vendor Support iMPath Recommendation… Networks When multi-vendor solutions are used, it is recommended to use a single manufacturer solution on each link. Use the L3 Switch to separate each group (manufacturer) of L2 IGMP switches. This is the most reliable topology to support multi-vendor solutions. Manufacturer A Manufacturer B L3 Switch Decoder Manufacturer C Manufacturer B Manufacturer C Manufacturer A iMPath Credits Networks • The information shared in this document was obtained by performing numerous IGMP related tests at iMPath facilities between January and June 2005. – Tests were performed using L2, L2 IGMP Snooping, and L3 switches. – Over 30 MPEG-2 iMPath Encoders were used during these tests to validate the proper function and performance of the switches under stress. • iMPath would like to thank its business partners for their participations and providing equipment and support during the research phase. – L2 IGMP Snooping switch manufacturers • GarrettCom, as well as Etherwan, IFS, Ruggedcom – L3 switch manufacturer • Foundry Networks • Test Coordinator – iMPath Networks, Daniel Brisson, Sr. System Engineer