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Introduction to Computer Networks Working with Device Drivers and NICs This lesson we examine the role of network interface cards (NICs) and how they are installed. The Role of Drivers • A driver (sometimes called a device driver) is software that enables a computer to work with a particular device. • Although a device might be installed on a computer, the computer's operating system cannot communicate with the device until the driver for that device has been installed and configured. • It is the software driver that tells the computer how to work with the device so that the device can perform its job. The Network Environment • Network drivers provide communication between a NIC and the network redirector running in the computer. • Drivers and the OSI Reference Model: • NIC drivers reside in the Media Access Control sublayer of the data-link layer of the OSI Reference Model. Drivers and Networking Software • It is common for the NIC manufacturer to provide drivers to the networking software vendor so that the drivers can be included with the network operating software. • The operating system manufacturer's hardware compatibility list (HCL) lists the drivers they have tested and included with the operating system. • Even if the driver for a particular card has not been included with the network operating system, it is common for the NIC manufacturer to include drivers for most popular network operating systems on a disk that is shipped with the card. Installing NICs • Before purchasing NICs, it's helpful to keep several important points in mind. • Type of Expansion Slot: ISA, EISA, Micro Channel, and/or PCI buses. • Type of Card: NICs are specified by network type. • Network Speed: When designing your network, be sure to keep future networking needs in mind. • Media Connection: There is a variety of media from which to choose. Installing a NIC • network cards with diagnostic lights built in can be a good investment. • Typically, a green light indicates that a proper connection exists between the card and the media. A flashing yellow light usually indicates that the card is processing data.