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A+ Guide to Software Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION Chapter 12 Windows on the Internet You Will Learn… About the TCP/IP suite of protocols How to connect to the Internet using dialup, DSL, and cable modem connections About supporting common Internet clients such as Web browsers, email clients, and file transfer software A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 2 The TCP/IP Suite of Protocols Client/Server applications have two components: A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 3 Using IP and Port Address to Identify Services An Internet server might be running many applications simultaneously (e.g., Web, email, and FTP services) Clients and servers distinguish the services by the use of an identifying number, known variously as: Port Port address Port number A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 4 Using IP and Port Address to Identify Services (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 5 Common TCP/IP Port Numbers A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 6 Software, Protocols, and Technology on a TCP/IP Network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 7 Application Protocols Common Internet applications Web browsers Email Chat rooms FTP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 8 Application Protocols (continued) API (Application programming interface) call – way an application asks an OS to do something HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) – used by Web browsers and Web servers to communicate Session (socket) – an established communication link between two programs A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 9 TCP/IP Protocols Used by the OS for Network Communication TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) UDP (User Datagram Protocol) Guarantees delivery Connection-oriented protocol Does not guarantee delivery Connectionless protocol (best effort) IP (Internet Protocol) Breaks up data into packets Routes them to destination A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 10 TCP Uses IP A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 11 TCP Guarantees Delivery A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 12 Other TCP/IP Protocols ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) Locates host on a local network Discovers Internet address of host on local network ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Communicates problems with transmission TTL (time to live) – number of routers a packet can pass through on its way to its destination A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 13 Network Protocols Used by Hardware Protocol used depends on type of physical network data is traveling on PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) Used over telephone lines A line protocol or bridging protocol SLIP (Serial Line Interface Protocol) Also a line protocol A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 14 TCP/IP Utilities TCP/IP includes a group of utilities used for troubleshooting Popular Ping Winipcfg Ipconfig A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 15 Microsoft SNMP Agent Can be installed after you install TCP/IP SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) provides system management tools for networks Can be a security risk A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 16 Using NSLookup NSLookup requests data about domain name resolutions from a DNS server’s zone file A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 17 Connecting to the Internet Dial-up connection DSL Cable modem A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 18 Dial-up Networking Process a Windows PC uses to connect to a network using a modem and a regular phone line Modem acts like a network card to provide physical connection to network Transmission speed is much slower than a direct network connection A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 19 How Dial-up Networking Works A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 20 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP What is the phone number of the ISP? What is your user ID and password for the ISP? Will DNS be dynamically assigned? If not, what is the IP address of DNS server? How will the IP address be assigned? A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 21 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) 1. Go to Network Connections, click Create a new connection 2. Click Next, click Connect to the Internet, click Next 3. Select Set up my network connection manually, click Next, select Connect using a dial-up modem, click Next A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 22 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 23 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) 4. Enter a name for the connection, click Next, enter the ISP phone number, click Next 5. Enter username and password, select appropriate options, click Next 6. Choose whether to add a desktop shortcut, click Finish A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 24 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 25 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 2000/XP (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 26 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 27 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 28 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 29 Creating a Dial-up Connection in Windows 98 (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 30 Dial-up Networking Problems Cannot make a connection Can connect, but get message “Unable to resolve hostname” After connecting, get error message “Unable to establish a compatible set of network protocols” When you double-click Web browser, the modem does not dial automatically A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 31 DSL and Cable Modem Connections TCP/IP settings are same as used by a modem-to-phone line connection Cable modem and DSL use a network card in the PC for the physical connection For service to the Internet, the other end of the cable connects to a cable modem or a DSL box A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 32 DSL and Cable Modem Connections (continued) Installation: 1. Install NIC and drivers 2. Connect NIC to cable or DSL box 3. Install and bind TCP/IP 4. Configure TCP/IP to connect to Internet 5. Install application software A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 33 Cable Modem Uses regular TV cable cord to connect to a TV cable wall outlet Electrical connection provides power to the box Connects to the PC by way of a network/USB port using a network/USB cable from modem to PC Service technician usually installs the network card and configures the PC to use the service A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 34 Cable Modem (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 35 DSL and ISDN Provided by local telephone company DSL typically uses a converter box that is combined with a router ISDN uses a Terminal Adapter (TA) or an ISDN router Device connects to PC by way of a network cable and card Technician from phone company most likely will do installation A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 36 Sharing Internet Connections One computer shares its direct connection to Internet (via phone line, cable modem, or DSL) with other computers on the LAN ICS (Internet Connection Sharing) Broadband converter box can connect to a network device (e.g., router) that manages connection for entire network The router can serve as a wireless access point for computers to connect wirelessly to the Internet A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 37 A Router as a Wireless Access Point A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 38 Windows Internet Connection Sharing Available in Windows 98 or Windows XP Allows others on a small office or home LAN to share an Internet connection with a host computer A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 39 Configuring the LAN for Internet Connection Sharing A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 40 Implementing a Firewall Firewalls can filter: Data packets by source or destination IP address, or protocol Ports Applications such as FTP Some can filter content A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 41 Hardware Firewalls A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 42 Software Firewalls A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 43 Supporting Internet Clients Web browsers E-mail FTP (File Transfer Protocol) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 44 Supporting Web Browsers A Web browser is a software application used to request Web pages from a Web server on the Internet or an intranet A Web page is a text file with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 45 How a URL Is Structured URL (Uniform Resource Locator): Address for a Web page file or other resource on the Internet A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 46 Top-Level Domain Names A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 47 Using Secure HTTP HTTPS (HTTP secure) Uses SSL or TLS as secure protocol SSL (Secure socket layer) is the de facto standard protocol • Uses digital certificate (digital ID) assigned by a certificate authority that uniquely identifies someone on the Internet • Includes public key TLS (transport layer security) is an improvement on SSL A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 48 Using Secure HTTP (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 49 Configuring a Browser Accessing Internet Options to control Internet Explorer: Open Internet Explorer applet in Control Panel From Internet Explorer, click Tools on the menu bar, then Internet Options Right-click Internet Explorer icon and select Properties from shortcut menu A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 50 Configuring a Browser (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 51 Solving Browser Performance Problems Make sure there is enough hard drive space, the hard drive is clean, and that virtual memory settings are optimized Defrag Scandisk System information A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 52 Solving Browser Performance Problems (continued) Open Internet Properties Click Delete files under Temporary Internet files, then click OK Click Clear History under History, then click OK 1. 2. 3. 4. Consider reducing the number of days to keep history Click OK A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 53 Controlling the Internet Explorer Environment A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 54 Suppressing Image Downloading For Internet Explorer version 5, download Web Accessories For Internet Explorer version 6: 1. 2. 3. Open Tools menu, click Internet Options Click Advanced Clear checkbox for unwanted features: • • • • Show pictures Play animations Play videos Play sounds A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 55 Browser Updates and Patches Generally you should use the most current version to get the latest features and fixes to known problems With an older computer or OS, you may not want the latest version Check http://support.microsoft.com Download updates and patches from http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 56 Supporting E-Mail Email client software communicates with an email server to send and receive mail It’s possible to have two email servers: SMTP server takes care of sending email POP server is where the user goes to collect email messages Both will have to be configured when you set up your email client A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 57 Supporting E-Mail (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 58 Using Two E-Mail Servers A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 59 Supporting FTP Used to transfer files between two computers using the same or different operating system(s) Both computers must have FTP installed Provides ability to download files to the PC Can be executed from user-friendly GUI software or from a command prompt A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 60 FTP from a Command Prompt A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 61 File Transfer Using FTP Software 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Start the FTP software Click Connect to log on to an FTP site Enter the Host Name, user ID and password, click OK User ID and password authenticated Use appropriate commands to transfer files; use Auto format if unsure Click Exit to leave the utility A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 62 File Transfer Using FTP Software (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 63 File Transfer Using FTP Software (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 64 Summary The TCP/IP suite of protocols Connecting to the Internet using dial-up, DSL, and cable modem connections Supporting common Internet clients such as Web browsers, email clients, and file transfer software A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition 65