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Sensor Networks Solutions to Real Life Problems Polly Huang NTU, EE & INM http://cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw/~phuang Road Map • Background – The Up’s and Down’s of Network Research • Along came Polly – The attitude and the topics • Sensor networks application and design Background The Up’s and Down’s of Network Research Network • What’s a network? • Have you ever thought about it? • Try these – Subway network, bus network, highway network – Postal network, telephone network, mobile phone network, computer network – Human, social network Network, in the most fundamental sense are just points and lines The Internet, 1969 An ISP on Internet, 1999 Credit: ISI’s SCAN Credit: CAIDA The Significance Communication!! Communication? • Human, social network – People introduce you to their friends and so you get to know other people • Subway network, bus network, highway network – People can move around and meet other people in person (physical space) • Postal network, telephone network, mobile phone network, computer network – Information can move around and meet other people in the air (virtual space) Network Research in EECS? • Human, social network – Social science, psychology • Subway network, bus network, highway network – Mechanical, civil, etc engineering • Telephone network, mobile phone network, computer network – EE and CS network people The Up’s and Down’s • Based on the history – Telephone network (PSTN) – Computer network and mobile phone network • Internet and the G stuff (GSM/GPRS/3G) Internet G stuff PSTN now 80‘s 90’s 00‘s This trend is about Research not Industry The industry curve is different! (usually 10 years or so behind) Back to Network Research • Optical networking – Fiber and switching • Mobile Telephone – Wireless media, media access, mobility • Internet – Protocols (TCP/IP) – Applications (Web, P2P) Along came Polly The Attitude • Research oriented – Crazy fantasy idealistic people are welcome – Innovations are results of creativity – Think Newton • Teamwork going – We are already far from where the actions are – Two are better than one (carefully picking the two) • Forward looking – Shoot for things that will be hot in the short term future – So we can be the people to offer help (translated to big $$) when the things are hot – Think buying stocks How Forward Looking? Internet Weather Internet 80‘s 90’s 00‘s Sensor/device network Internet Weather? Regular Weather • What’s this? • Weather station interprets for us – Sunshiny – Temp: 30-34 Credit: 中央氣象局 Internet Weather • What’s this? • Internet Weather station interprets for us – Connectivity stable – 13000+ nodes – 68000+ links Credit: ISI SCAN Internet weather • • • • Internet is an ecosystem Deeply involved in our daily lives Just like the atmosphere We have now daily weather reports to determine whether to dress warm • We need in the future continuous Internet weather reports to determine when and how much to bit for the stuff we want on eBay Sensor Networks? Computer Network • How to pass data around? • Internet architects design IP routing to find paths Sensor(SOC) Networks • How to pass data around? • Sensor network architects design special routing algorithms to Intel® Xscale CPU Analog and digital radio find paths Flash and SRAM memory Sensors Sensors? camera pressure mic accelerometer thermal gyro GPS • Also the biomedical sensors: EMG, pulses, emotions, etc Sensor Nodes Today MICA, 2001-2002 5.7cm X 3.18cm Spec, March 2003 2mm X 2.5mm 4 MHz CPU 128K ROM 512K RAM 40kbps Radio range x00 feet Sensors, battery not included CPU, memory, RF transceiver Sensors, battery, antenna not included < 1 dollar if mass-produced These sensor nodes could be the next wave made-in-Taiwan electronics! The Significance of Sensor Networks Necessary support to the communication of sensor data But how is this Useful? Sensor Network Applications Home, Office, Medicine, Science & Nature, Agriculture Intel Digital Home UCSB Bren School of Environmental Science and Management • Day-lighting controls • Airflow controls based on CO2 level • Operable windows control – taking advantage of on-site ocean breezes Long-Term Nursing Home • Fall detection • Unconsciousness detection • Vital sign monitoring • Dietary/exercise monitoring Camera Muscle activity Orientation sensor Pressure sensor Accelerometers The Channel Islands Fox Fancy Californian Winemaking • Berkeley motes – Taking temp per min – Store highest and lowest temp per hour • To add soil moisture and pest/disease monitors Yes, Useful • • • • • Home: Digital Home Office: The Bren School Medicine: Elder Care Science & Nature: Island Fox Restoration Agriculture: Winemaking But how should it Work? Sensor Network Design Address Centric vs. Data Centric Communication Models • Address centric (for example IP) – Name the nodes – Data disseminated by the destination address • Data centric – Nodes desiring data expressing ‘interest of content’ – Data disseminated based on the content Expressing Interest 3 4 4 3 2 2 3 1 Disseminating Data 3 4 4 3 2 2 3 1 The Need to Go Data Centric • Node addressing not scalable – Difficulty of configuring/tracking small nodes scattering around – Cost of re-configuration of nodes moving around • Server infrastructure not efficient – Difficulty of deployment • DNS and search engines in sensor networks? – The sum of maintenance traffic (energy) – Additional delay – Information might be outdated by the time of communication More Research Issues • • • • Load balancing Naming and forwarding Service differentiation … Sensor Network Conclusion • What more convenience can technologies bring? • Context-aware and intelligent services anywhere and anytime • We need small devices with processing, sensing, and communication capabilities (SOCs) • See ‘communication’? • We need to design all over again how to network these SOCs As I said Two is better than One Network and System Lab http://nslab.ee.ntu.edu.tw/ • People • Mission – 1 faculty member • • • • • • Polly Huang 1989-1993 NTU Math (BS) 1994-1999 USC CS (Ph.D) 1999-2002 ETHZ EE (Postdoc.) 2002-2002 UCLA IPAM (Fellow) 2003- now NTU EE (Assistant Prof.) – 10 grad students – 3 undergrads – The Network and System Laboratory pursues research towards building robust and scalable communication systems – We are generally interested in the design, modeling, simulation, and performance issues of such networked systems Questions?