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One thing for sure:
The future will be unlike
anything we know!
Agenda
1. Today’s Technological Trends
2. Status at a glance
3. Evolution of mobile systems (pre-cellular/1G/2G/3G)
4. Paradigm Shift
5. 3G
6. 4G
7. Key takeaways
TWO MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS OF
TODAY:
•
MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
•
INTERNET
Interestingly, mobile subscribers are increasingly demanding
Internet access while on the move and at increasingly high speeds;
thereby resulting in the Convergence of the above two technological
trends leading to the birth of “Mobile Broadband” (application)
and 3G/4G Technologies (enablers of this application)
Paradigm shift - Internet goes Mobile
….Continued
Contd…
Statistics at a glance:
(i) Global Mobile Subscriber growth has been phenomenal from zero levels in
1992 to cross the landline’s billion by 2002 and the climb to 2.68 billion by
Dec. 2006
(ii) The global mobile phone market is set to grow to 4 - 4.5 billion by 2011
fuelled by strong demand from developing economies in Asia and Latin
America.
(iii) 61% of the world’s mobile subscribers are in developing countries. China and
India together added almost 200 million mobile subscribers to the global total
in the first three months of this year.
(iv) Almost 1 billion handsets sold in the year 2006.
(v) 1 billion internet users by Dec. 06.
(vi) 275 million broadband connections.
(vii) Around 2010, data traffic likely to exceed voice traffic.
All the above point to a remarkable development that is changing the world and
the way be communicate!
Source : www.wirelessintelligence.com
Source : www.wirelessintelligence.com
INDIAN SCENARIO (Sept. 07)
Fixed subscribers
Mobile
Gross
Tele density
Rural Tele density
-
39.58 million
209.08 million
248.66 million
21.85%
around 5%
Broadband subscribers Internet Users
PCs
Cable TV
-
2.67 million
50
million
5
million
63- 64 million connection
Target by 2007
250
10
500
20
Target by 2010
-
million subscribers.
million broadband connections
million subscribers.
million broadband connections
2007 has been declared as the year of Broadband.
Wireless Subscribers Growth is Exponential
500
Third largest cellular
market in the world
Mobile
Subscribers
450
460
400
Millions
400
350
330
300
240
250
200
150
149
Fixed Line
Subscribers
100
50
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
India’s wireless market is
growing at ~6-7 Million new
subscribers every month
Fastest growing
telecom market in the
world – 500 Million
subs by 2010
5 competing GSM and
2 CDMA operators in
over 8000 cities &
towns
Lowest Tariff compared
to other countries
Phenomenal Growth
25
20
22
TELE DENSITY
22
15
10
8
2007
5.11
2004
3.58
4.29
2002
2.86
2001
1999
1.94
1998
1.56
1997
1.28
1996
1995
0
1.07
2.33
2000
5
2003
1.07
Tele-Density Urban- Rural
50
50
37.99
40
21.3
30
20
10
0
4
1.3
12.2 14.3
10.4
8.2
4.8 5.8 6.9
1.6
1.9
2.3
2.9
3.6
4.3
0.7
5.1
1.5
Rural
26.2
Urban
18.31
12.86
7.04
9.08
1.7 1.74
1.86
4.9
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
Tele-Density
60
Year
Total
EVOLUTION OF MOBILE SYSTEMS
• Pre Cellular – e.g. IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone System) –
Analog FM System used in mid 1960s.
• 1G - e.g. AMPS, TACS, ETACS, NMT – Partially digital, used
from early 1980s in 800 MHz-900 MHz bands.
• 2G – e.g. IS 95, GSM – Fully digital, used from early 1990s,
in bands 800, 900, 1700, 1800 and 1900 MHz, Voice Centric
with limited data capabilities and SMS.
• 3G – e.g. CDMA 2000, WCDMA – Supporting voice plus high
speed packet data services.
• 4G - Fixed Mobile Convergence; Seamless Mobility; very high
data speeds
PARADIGM SHIFT
In 1G - emphasis was on technology, in particular on the evolution
of network infra-structure to address the New World of
mobility.
In 2G - manufacturers were striving to meet consumer demand for
ever smaller phones with longer battery life and advanced
features.
In 3G - focus will now be on content and multimedia applications.
Voice telephony will be complemented by services beyond
voice.
In 4G - ‘service and experience’-centric
Communications Transformation
People to People
People to Things
Things to Things
(Represents a significant
amount of future Packet traffic.)
Homes
Buildings
..
.
Computers
Intelligent
Subscriber Devices
Appliances
Transportation
Vehicles & Systems
People
$
Vending
Machines
Technology Convergence
Convergence Frontier
Telephony Computing
Fixed
Networks
Wireless
Network
Media / Content
Software Providers
Hardware Providers
INTERNET
Musicians
Authors
Reporters
Distribution
Channels
Distribution
Channels
Books CDs
Networking
Newspaper
Data Networks
What is the Third
Generation ?
Defining the Next Generation
The ITU’s Vision for 3G
• Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Service
(FPLMTS)
(Initiative of the ITU since 1985 to define 3rd generation of
wireless)
• Difficult to pronounce, hence “FPLMTS” changed to
IMT-2000
• IMT-2000 IS ABBREVIATION FOR INTERNATIONAL
MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION
•ITU Requirements
–Small, Low Cost Pocket Terminals
–Worldwide Roaming
–Single System for Residential, Office,
Cellular, Satellite,Environments
–Data Services Delivery
>Vehicular Environment: 144 Kbps
>Pedestrian Environment: 384 Kbps
>Indoor Environment: 2 Mbps
KEY FUNCTIONS OF IMT-2000
*FULL RANGE OF SERVICES
*UNIFIED ,SEAMLESS INFRASTRUCTURE
*BROADBAND TRANSPORT
*SELF -ADAPTIVE ,RE-PROGRAMMABLE TERMINALS
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces
Key IMT2000 Requirements:
 High Speed Packet Data
144k - Vehicular
 384 - Pedestrian
 2Mb - Indoor
 Global Roaming
UIM - Based on SIM
IMT-2000
CDMA
Direct Spread
IMT-2000
CDMA
Multi-Carrier
IMT-2000
CDMA
TDD
IMT-2000
TDMA
Single Carrier
UMTS
cdma2000
1X and 3X
UTRA TDD
& TD-SCDMA)
UWC-136/
EDGE
IMT-2000
FDMA/
TDMA
DECT
ITU-R Assembly has approved WiMAX as part of the IMT-2000 family of
standards ahead of the ITU WRC 07 in Geneva.
3G Partnership Projects
• Two partnership projects have been established to
accelerate all aspects of 3G standardization
3rd Generation
Partnership Project
TTC
TTC
3GPP for evolved GSM & UTRA
3GPP2 for evolved ANSI-41 & cdma2000
• Main thrust of each project is to find commonality for their
respective standards across regions
• Global harmonization could enable:
–lower overall costs
–faster product cycles
–faster operator implementation of 3G services
4G
As the first implementations of 3G are beginning
to roll out, the shortcomings of 3G networks are already
being discussed and the scientists/researchers have begun
to talk of 4G (also referred to as ‘IMT-Advanced’ by
ITU) which, at this initial stages, implies “improvement
and the fixing of lingering 3G problems, apart from
increasing data speeds beyond 2 Mbps”.
Systems beyond IMT-2000 are commonly referred
to as the Fourth Generation Networks (4G) or Beyond 3G
(B3G) or IMT Advanced.
4G Vision
There will not be a single network branded as 4G in the same
way that there is 2G GSM or 3G UTRAN. Instead, 4G will be
a collection of networks and a wide variety of smart devices
communicating with each other.
The 4G technology will provide for a collection of different
kinds of multiple access networks in which a user can gain
access to a portal on the Internet (or whatever the entity) by the
most appropriate means.
The user will not have to know which network provides the
service. The smart device can analyze its environment and
choose the best available service provider and technology
(service discovery).
Contd….
Contd…..
Both the network entities and the smart devices will be able to
configure themselves so that they can adapt to new requirements.
The emergence of fourth generation of mobile services will allow
Users to connect to different networks depending on their location.
For example, a handset could connect a wireless local area network
(WLAN) when inside a building, switch to a 3G mast when outside,
And connect to a standard network in areas with no 3G coverage.
4G is supposed to be an all IP Network with higher bit rates,
enhanced Multimedia services, smooth streaming videos, worldwide
Access/roaming capability, Intelligent software as driven technique.
OFDM-UWB (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Ultra
Wide Band) as representative standard, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA as
Multi access techniques, low cost and tight security network.
4G INITIATIVES
1.
ITU
(i)
(ii)
ITU-R ITU-T -
2. IEEE
(i) 802.15.3a
(ii) 802.11n
(iii) 802.16.2004/802.16e
(iv) 802.20
WP8F of SG8
SG19
- Ultra Wide Band (UWB) short range; throughput 480
Mbps.
- MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) WLAN;
medium range; throughput 100 mbps
- WiMAX FIXED / MOBILE
- Data rates upto 4Mbps; High mobility
3. 4GMF (Fourth Generation Mobile Forum)
4. WWRF (Wireless World Research Forum)
5. NTT DoCoMo (MAGIC … Mobile multimedia; Anytime, anywhere, anyone;
Global mobility support; Integrated wireless solution;
and Customised personal service.
6.
Mobile IT Forum (mITF), Japan
7.
Wireless World Initiative New Radio (WINNER)
contd…
Indian Initiative
• The Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology
(CEWiT) India, an autonomous institution, has been
set up under a public-private initiative with a view to
spearhead research within the country in the area of
4G technology.
• Broadband Wireless Consortium of India (BWCI), is
a strategic initiative of CEWIT with the objective of
providing a common national forum for all
stakeholders in the broadband wireless market in
India with a view to co-ordinate activities within
India and also to ensure adequate representation of
the needs of the Indian broadband wireless market in
global standard forums.
Systems beyond
IMT-2000 will
encompass
the capabilities of
previous systems
Mobility
New capabilities
of systems beyond
IMT-2000
New
mobile
access
High
Enhanced
Dashed line indicates
that the exact data
rates associated with
IMT-2000
systems beyond IMT-2000
are not yet determined
Enhancement
New nomadic/local
area wireless access
Low
1
10
Peak useful data rate (Mbit/s)
Denotes interconnection between systems via networks, which allows
flexible use in any environment without making users aware of
constituent systems
Nomadic/local area access systems
Digital broadcast systems
100
1 000
Systems deployment*
New elements to
offer new capabilities
of systems beyond
IMT-2000
Spectrum implementation
Vision
definition
Other radio
systems
Requirements Standards
definition development
Standards
enhancement
Evolution/integration with other
radio systems
Systems deployment
IMT-2000
and future
development
Spectrum implementation
Enhancement and related
development of standards
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
The sloped dotted lines indicate that the exact starting point of the particular subject can not yet be fixed.
: Possible spectrum identification at WRC-07
* : Possible wide deployment around the year 2015 in some countries
WHY 4G ?
Although 3G technologies deliver significantly higher
bit rates than 2G technologies and contribute to ARPU
growth for wireless data services, there is still more
opportunity for wireless operators to capitalize on the
ever-increasing demand for ‘wireless broadband’, even
lower latency and multi-megabit throughput.
Consequently, there is an expanding revenue
opportunity from a growing pool of underserved
consumers that can only be satisfied with next
generation of mobile networks.
Minimum Performance Requirements
•
•
•
Increased spectral efficiency and capacity —
(expected to deliver three to five times greater
capacity than the most advanced current 3G
networks)
Lower cost per bit — (Increased spectral
efficiency combined with the operational benefits of
an all-IP network will reduce the cost per bit
compared to 3G solutions).
Improved quality of experience (QoE) —
(Reduction in latency time, which will enhance the
behavior of time-sensitive applications, such as
VoIP, thus improving the user experience)
Enabling technologies
• Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) -OFDM is a special
case of multi-carrier transmission, where a
single data stream is transmitted over a
number of lower rate sub-carriers.
• Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO)
increases peak throughput by transmitting and
receiving multiple streams of information
within the same spectrum.
Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution and Convergence
2005
GSM
WCDMA
2006
3G Technology Evolution
2007-2009
HSDPA
HSUPA
LTE
3G Technology Evolution
CDMA 2000
1x EV-DO
EV-DO Rev A
2010+
EV-DO Rev B, C
4G
(IMT-Advanced)
likely
OFDMA
based
3G Technology Evolution
Wi-Fi
OFDM
802.16e
OFDMA
802.16e
MIMO-OFDMA
Broadband Wireless Technology Evolution
Source: Rysavvy Research
Existing Scenario
Separate Service Networks
Data
Networks
PSTN/ISDN
PLMN
Services
Separate Access, Transport & Switching Networks
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NGN Scenario
Services
Managed IP/MPLS
Transport
Access
Independence of services from underlying transport technologies
Principles of Fixed Mobile Convergence
PSTN
HSS- Home Subscriber Server
APP- Application (server)
IMS based FMC solution
RAN- Radio Access Network
Fixed-Line Network
PSTN
(TDM)
Softswitch
FMC
4G
1G
FDMA
2G
TDMA
/CDMA IS-95
Mobile Network
Figure1: Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)
3G
WCDMA
CDMA2000
IMS
Key takeaways
- Mobile has become the dominant means for accessing
communications particularly in developing countries.
(The “1 billion” figure of global mobile subscriber base was reached (in 2002)some 23 years after NTT DoCoMo launched the first Cellular System in 1979,
whereas the next 500 million mark was reached (in 2004) –just after 2 years
and the “2 billion” figure was reached in 2005).
-Mobile networks are fast moving towards “All IP” networks.
-There is a shift in the wireless business model from a
technology and device driven world to a service-and
experience-centred world.
-The debate of wired Vs wireless will end in the NGN era
through Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC).
- FMC will combine the convenience, freedom of movement and
personalised services of the wireless world with the high quality
and speed of fixed communication.
For further details,
You may contact Deepa Tyagi at
E-mail address:
[email protected]
Tel. :91-11-2 3329333
Fax :91-11-2 3730045
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