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Course ILT
Basic networking concepts
Unit objectives
 Compare various types of networks
 Discuss types of servers
 Discuss LAN topologies
 Discuss planning in network design
Course ILT
Topic A
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Topic A: Networking fundamentals
Topic B: Types of servers
Topic C: Topologies
Topic D: Planning in network design
Course ILT
Features of legacy networks
 All processing takes place at the central
computer
 Dumb terminals or terminals having no
processing power provide user access to
the mainframe/minicomputer
 There are limited off-the-shelf software
products available for purchase as most
applications are custom-built
 Support staff is needed for management
and control
 Incremental growth is prohibitively
expensive
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Features of peer-to-peer networks
 Workstations store their own
application and data files
 Speed is primarily a factor of the
workstation used as processing occurs
at the workstation
 Each node on the system talks to all
the other nodes
 Peer-to-peer communications make
some level of file and printer sharing
possible
Course ILT
Features of peer-to-peer networks
– No one system is in charge of the
network
– Security might be limited
– This type of system does not work well
with more than 10 workstations or nodes
Course ILT
Client/server networks
 In a client/server environment, there
are separate systems providing
resources and accessing resources
 The client/server model provides
distributed processing
– Application and data files can be stored
on the file server
– Files are downloaded to intelligent
workstations (clients) for processing
– Results are uploaded to the server for
storage
– The server might provide additional
services to the client
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CANs, MANs, and WANs
 As networks in geographically
contiguous buildings begin to be
connected, a campus area network
(CAN) is formed
 Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
connect networks that are noncontiguous, but located within a local
calling area
 A Wide area network (WAN) links
networks that are located in different
local calling areas, known as Local
Access Transport Areas (LATA)
Course ILT
CANs and MANs
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WAN characteristics
 Wide geographic area, any size up to
national or international
 Low to high speed links
 Remote links that might be operational
LANs or groups of workstations only
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WAN
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Activity A-1
Discussing network types
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The role of Network Operating Systems
 A Network Operating System (NOS)
runs on the server in a client/server
network configuration and turns a PC
into a network server
 Examples of NOSs include
Microsoft NT/2000 Server/Server
2003, Novell NetWare,
IBM OS/2, Banyan VINES, Mac OSX,
AppleShare IP, UNIX and Linux
Servers, workstations, and hosts
Course ILT
 Servers
– Computers that have been optimized to
run a network operating system
 Workstations
– A personal computer that is connected to
a network, which can perform tasks
through applications or utilities
 Hosts
– Any network device that has a TCP/IP
address
Course ILT
Activity A-2
Discussing network operating systems
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Topic B
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Topic A: Networking fundamentals
Topic B: Types of servers
Topic C: Topologies
Topic D: Planning in network design
Types of servers
Course ILT
 Include
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Fax servers
CD servers
E-mail servers
Print servers
Other types of servers
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Fax servers
 Permits users to send and, in some
cases, receive facsimiles at their
network workstations
 Manage the re-direction of faxes to the
appropriate location
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CD servers
 Usually a stand-alone device
consisting of four or more, perhaps as
many as 100 CD-ROM readers
 Installing a CD server can provide the
entire enterprise with access to
installation media, such as workstation
applications, reference media and
periodicals, or any other data needed
by multiple users
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Activity B-1
Discussing fax servers and CD servers
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E-mail servers
 Electronic mail (e-mail) is one of the
popular forms of business and
personal communication
 Frequently implemented on dedicated
servers due to the large volume of
messages a network will generate
Course ILT
Print servers
 Can be directly attached to
workstations or servers
 Most network operating systems
support the use of third-party print
services such as the JetDirect series
from Hewlett-Packard and the NetPort
line from Intel
 Most third-party print servers offer
efficient and reliable operation
Course ILT
Other types of servers
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Web servers
Database servers
Application servers
Others
All provide specific functionality and
may be dedicated or share
functionality with other servers
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Activity B-2
Discussing e-mail, print and other servers
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Topic C
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Topic A: Networking fundamentals
Topic B: Types of servers
Topic C: Topologies
Topic D: Planning in network design
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Topology overview
 Defines how the physical media links
the network nodes
 Types of topology include
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Bus
Ring
Star
Mesh
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Bus topology
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Ring topology
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Star topology
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Mesh topology
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Activity C-1
Discussing topologies
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Topic D
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Topic A: Networking fundamentals
Topic B: Types of servers
Topic C: Topologies
Topic D: Planning in network design
Course ILT
Creating a plan
 Determine what business requirements
must be met
 Review the current infrastructure
 Review new and existing technologies that
can be used to meet business needs
 Determine the appropriate infrastructure
requirements
 Document the design
 Review the documentation with the
appropriate technical personnel and
business leaders and modify as necessary
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Ongoing planning
 Essential for a good network plan
 The plan needs to be re-evaluated
frequently to see if its implementation
is feasible in the current environment
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Activity D-1
Planning in network design
Course ILT
Unit summary
 Discussed the role of network
operating systems
 Discussed different types of servers
 Learned about various topologies
 Discussed planning in network design