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Wireless Technologies and Mobile IP Packet Data Services 0936_03F8_c2 NW98_US_113 Digital PCS Wireless Data • GPRS = General Packet Radio Service the GSM packet data standard –Provides access to Internet via TCP/IP –Carrier owned fixed IP addressing –Example: Alcatel • Mobile IP = CDG proposed CDMA packet data standard –Provides access to Internet and Intranet –Carrier-based and destination-based addressing –Example: Qualcomm Mobile IP Enables Seamless Connectivity to and from the Home Network Conferences Home Internet ISP Access through the Internet Dial Hotel LANs and VLANs Cellular or Mobile Commuting Meeting Rooms Mobility Solutions that need to be Bigger than an Enterprise… PSTN Internet • Dial-in solutions help where there are phone lines • Wireless technologies can be used where there are no wires Old Circuit Switched Model Great as a Static Connectivity Solution, PPP Allows Address Assignment, Authentication, Bandwidth Negotiation/Aggregation (V.110 For GSM) Service Provider Internet Disadvantages: Circuit Based, No Mobility, Charging Based on Connected Time, Not Data Exchanged for Wireless Evolution of Data Services The Packet Switching Data Component of GSM GPRS GSM Some Effort to Do Circuit Switched Data Today CDMA Packet Switching For Data Built-in Mobile IP Other Cellular Some AMPS and Non-AMPS Cellular Systems Have Packet Ability Today Cellular Systems Are Moving Toward Support for Packet Data. This Is the Foundation for Mobile IP Packet-Based Data Allows • True Mobility—Not tied to a circuit • Always on and always connected –Without continuous airtime charges –Billing based on packets sent, reflecting real resources used • With Mobile IP: –The ability to tie into the home network and the Internet –Roaming while retaining connectivity and identity Mobile IP is the Solution for Wireless Connectivity • Transparent interoperability with all other hosts • Mobile always reachable at the same IP address • Only the Home Agent needs to know the mobile’s location • All other routers do normal forwarding Mobile IP • The IETF proposed standard solution for mobility at layer 3 • RFCs 2002–2006 define the functionality • Protocol works over any intermediate media • Movement is transparent to hosts who communicate with the mobile user • No IP address changes are needed to allow mobility Overview: Mobile IP Functionality ISP Internet HA MN Mobile IP forms a Layer 3 Tunnel from a Home Agent (HA) to the Mobile Node (MN), which can continue to use its Home Address to receive IP Datagrams Mobile IP: Registration MN IDRP: Agent Advertisement: Lifetime, Type, Services MN IDRP: Agent Solicitation: Lifetime, Services FA HA Registration MN • Care-of or co-located addresses • Agree on services • Register with the home agent Mobile IP: Packet Forwarding Home Agent Correspondent Host Foreign Agent Mobile Node Traffic is sent as usual to the Home Subnet. The Home Agent intercepts the traffic while the Mobile Node is registered as away. Traffic is Tunneled to its current location. Traffic from the Mobile Node can go directly to the Correspondent Host Mobile IP: True Mobility, Transparent Roaming Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 FA FA MN 10.31.3.1 10.31.2.1 MN FA MN 10.31.1.1 FA/MN Register with the HA HA Mobile IP: True Mobility, Transparent Roaming Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 MN realizes it has moved to a network with a New FA MN Registers with MN this New FA FA FA MN 10.31.3.1 10.31.2.1 MN HA FA MN 10.31.1.1 When the MN Moves it Re-Registers via its New FA Mobile IP: True Mobility, ReRegistration When the new Registration is received, a new COA is installed in the HA MN FA FA Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.2.1 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 MN 10.31.3.1 10.31.2.1 FA MN HA New Data Path 10.31.1.1 Old Data Path The Movement Is Transparent to all Other Devices No Change Is Propagated to Correspondents Registration Options • GRE and IPinIP tunneling • Care-of and co-located address • Registration lifetime • Reverse tunneling • Authentication • Tunneling of broadcast packets The Challenges of Mobility Security! Connectivity! Scalability! • Can push data reach you? • How do you access your home network? • Can you ensure user identity? • What happens when you move? • Can you get though your firewall? Scalability for Mobile IP • Single tunnel between HA’s and FA’s used for all MN traffic • Off-loading of the keys to a AAA server • Reverse tunneling to traverse firewalls to enter the home network Authentication in Mobile IP MN UDP IP Header Header MobileIP Registration MH Auth Extension FH Auth Extension FA IP UDP Header Header MobileIP Registration MHO Auto Extension FH Auth Extension Mobile Node to Home Agent Foreign Agent to Home Agent* Foreign Agent to Mobile Node* (* Optional) HA Other Security in Mobile IP • Registration filters: – Filters on the Foreign Agent – Limit the MN’s allowed to register – Limit the HA’s it can register with –Filters on the Home Agent – Limit the MN’s allowed to register – Limit the FA’s allowed to register • Reverse tunnels: – Enable firewall traversal for ingress filters –Allow for bi-directional routing • Encryption: – Cisco’s network layer encryption Home Agent Redundancy HA HA FA Mobility Binding Table: MN CoA 1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1 1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1 • Based on HSRP • Enables back-up in the case of a failure • Ensures mobility bindings stay in sync Providing Connectivity in a Wireless Network FA FA FA HA HA FA Service Providers Offering Mobility to Users within the Wireless Network Wireless Internet Architecture VLR HLR AUC EIR BSC MSC Fully Digital/Packet Switch Internet GW GW Service Provider Corporate Internet Mobile Internet VLR HLR AUC EIR Digital Link Layer BSC MSC Internet Service Provider Proxy/Cache Servers Corporate Internet Mobile Intranet Architecture VLR HLR AUC EIR Digital Link Layer BSC Cisco IOSTM Data Mobility Solution with MobileIP Home Agent (HA) and Foreign Agent (HA) Support Secured Access for Mobility Extended Corporate Intranets MSC FA HA Internet Service Provider Proxy/Cache Servers Corporate Internet Mobile Intranet Architecture Cisco IOS Mobility Architecture Is Applicable to Various Wireless and NonWireless Technologies FA FA HA FA Internet Proxy/Cache Servers Corporate Internet Business Applications • Wireless LAN • Fixed LAN BS Internet FA HA Corporate Internet Application and Network Roles Network Aware Applications Network Services Satellite xDSL W LAN LAN WLL GPRS W-CDMA CDMA GSM Mobile IP • Flexible choice of connectivity solution based on services and cost • Cisco IOSTM software with Mobile IP provides network services layer to application • Applications can be made network aware to best utilize network services 0936_03F8_c2 NW98_US_113 71 Business Planning & Network Evolution Impact for GPRS Glenn Selbo Strategic Dr. Payam Marketing Taaghol Advanced Technology, EMEA GPRS Conference GSM London 22 August 2000 Mobile Data Penetration • Mobile data has yet to deliver on hype – Making WAP service easier to access won’t make services better – Users reacting to over-hyped wireless web claims – Packet networks imply major changes to billing support systems, tariffs, and support structure Carrier Market Data Subs % of Base Germany 175K 1.3% UK 200K 2.4% China 200K 2% US 280-420k 4-6% Source: Herschel Shosteck June 2000 Lessons from NTT DoCoMo • Packet-based - always on, always connected • Subscription, volume and transaction-based pricing 13,441 • Content 16,000 driving subscriber growth (as of May 00) 14,000 10,314 12,000 (as of 13 Aug) 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 i-mode subscribers Content Providers Source: NTT Projected GPRS Evolution • Significant growth opportunity through 2003 • Growth to be driven by availability of applications • Stepping stone to 3G network Western Europeservices Mobile Subscribers 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 GSM 2001 2+ 2002 3G 2003 2004 2005 Applications Drive Opportunity • Global GSM Mobile Data service revenues are projected Location to approach $6.5 billion by Services 2002 15% Online Banking 15% Internet Access 13% Information Services 10% E-mail, Fax,V-mail 30% Mobile Office 7% Telemetry 5% Telematics 1% Games 3% Payments 1% Source: INRA-Telcobus, ISM-Survey, ICN MCM 12 Analysis • Service Impact on Capacity Additional bandwidth, infrastructure and improvements Planning in QoS guarantees will be required to support new services Functionality Full Motion Video Video Conferencing Image and Graphics Web Browsing File Transfers Email w/Attach. M-Commerce Web Queries Simple Email Instant Messaging SMS Data Broadcasting 1 Way Paging 1k Portable Computing Interactive Alert 10 k 100 k 1,000 10,000 Data Rate MultiMedia The Case for GPRS/3G • As a result of varying market characteristics, the case for moving to 2.5 and 3G varies on a carrier-by-carrier basis – – – – How much investment is already in the ground How much spectrum is available What is the composition of the carriers subscriber base Operators need for differentiation • An integrated approach will yield the highest-value results BUSINESSPLAN PLAN BUSINESS MARKETPLAN PLAN MARKET DEPLOYMENTPLAN PLAN DEPLOYMENT Services proposal 33Services proposal Addressable market 33Addressable market Available spectrum 33Available spectrum Competition 33Competition Criticalsuccess success 33Critical factors factors Technology Selection 3 3 Technology Selection Pricing/Economics 33Pricing/Economics 3 Vendor Selection Market characteristics 33Market characteristics Demographics 33Demographics Target markets 33Topography and Spectrumdepth depth clutter 33Spectrum Prioritization 33Target markets Opportunity Index 33Opportunity Index GIS input 33GIS input 3 Technology Selection 3 Prioritization Real estate issues 33Real estate issues Long haul transport 33LOS considerations Interconnection 33Long haul transport Technology selection 33Interconnection Deployment timetable 33Technology selection Service schedule 33Deployment timetable 3 Service schedule Network Impact of GPRS GPRS: A Packet Data Overlay for GSM circuit switched Visited Gateway MSC/VLR MSC HLR BSS PCU PSTN ISDN Internet Mobile DTE Serving GSN Gateway GSN packet switched: GPRS BSS GSN HLR VLR PCU Intranet Base Station System GPRS Support Node Home Location Register Visitor Location Register Packet Control Unit PSPDN GPRS – Great Expectations High Data rates of 28-115 kbps GPRS Performance • GSM and GPRS share the same radio resources • In congested cells with a high number of GSM voice users the TRUE GPRS throughput or data rate may be significantly less than that of the predicted • GPRS on the other hand can deliver the SMS traffic more efficiently thereby taking the load off GSM network • The true performance would vary from country to Mobile Terminated GPRS Calls • It is very likely that the first generation GPRS will not support Mobile Terminated GPRS • GPRS would have to provide IP delivery as internet services would probably be the main services used over GPRS • In this case a service provider would not be able to charge for content delivery • If they do so, the user might have to pay for delivery of unauthorised content such as advertisement or Junk email GPRS Improvements HIGHER USER RATES via Air-IF using TRAFFIC CHANNEL COMBINING and NEW CODING SCHEMES Mobile DTE Visited MSC/VLR BSS Gateway MSC HLR / GR PSTN HIGHER USER RATES to Data networks PCU ISDN Internet Serving GSN Intranet Gateway GSN PSPDN IMPROVED SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY by multiplexing onto the same Resources PACKET SWITCHED BACKBONE NETWORK DIRECT ACCESS TO INTERNET / PACKET DATA NETWORK The Evolutionary Path Evolution WCDMA 384 kbps 384 - 2048 kbps EDGE EGPRS GPRS HSCSD GSM Data 9 ~ 60 kbps WCDMA Phase I 144 - 384 kbps 9.6 - 28.8 kbps 9.6 kbps 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Time Migrating Internet Services to Wireless August 22, 2000 Michael D. Smith Mobile Internet Applications Nokia Networks The Market is Changing Mobile vs. Fixed Subscribers (worldwide) 2500 Mobile Fixed 2000 Data vs. Voice Traffic 1500 (worldwide) Data Voice 1000 500 0 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 Telephone 100 Cable Radio 80 60 0 Sources : Nokia, ITU, Dataquest, EMC, Global Mobile 1995 1998 1990 1985 1980 1975 1970 1965 Internet 1960 1950 1940 1945 1935 1930 1925 20 1955 TV 40 1920 Millions of Users 120 “There will be more Mobile Terminals on the Internet than PCs, by 2003” Portals drive the information access... Europe is leading the way…. 450 000 Forrester Predicts That One in Three Europeans Will Access the Net Via Population Mobile Phone by 2004 400 000 350 000 Mobile subscribers 250 000 Source: Forrester Research, Inc., 1999 04 20 02 03 20 19 99 0 20 50 000 01 100 000 20 150 000 AMSTERDAM, Netherlands--(BUSINESS WIRE) via NewsEdge Net-enabled Corporation --Europe stands on the brink of a revolution in Internet access. By 2004, one-third of all Europeans -- more than 219 million consumersmobile -phone will regularly use their mobile phones to access Internet services according to owners a new Report from Forrester Research B.V. (Nasdaq:FORR). Although the sites that will host these services are already being built, it remains unclear Regular mobile whether mobile operators will provide free and open access to these sites. Internet users* Europeans lead the world in mobile phone use, with more than 117 million people in the EU carrying mobile phones. Many of these phones are already being used for data -- Europeans pass more than 2 billion short message service (SMS) messages a month to chat and read sports scores. These two factors, plus the introduction of wireless application protocol (WAP) phones, will vault Europe into the lead for mobile Internet access. (continues….) dated: 1999-12-16 00 200 000 20 '000 300 000 Mobile Internet Outlook Millions Projected cellular subscribers 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 (Nokia 1999) More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet by the end of 2003 ! Projected Web handsets (Nokia 1999) 600 Projected PCs connected to the Internet 400 (Dataquest 10/98) 200 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Standards: Mobile Network Evolution GSM example GSM UMTS (3G) HSCSD GPRS EDGE Year: 2000 2001 2002 2003 Battle for the position in value chain service control is created here PRE-PACKAGED CONTENT WIRELESS PORTAL ACCESS NETWORK MOBILE TERMINALS Mobile Service Provider's assets in value chain battle Assets of the service provider Identity management anonymity Billing pre-paid, printing Small payments Location information Customer ownership Subscriber profiling Location based mCommerce Billing & identity Service Profiling Mobile operators need to decide how to position themselves in the market Bitpipe for Branded Content Value-added Service Provider Network A Network X User or Internet OR Applications User Applications Customer Data Base Network B User • • - customer loyalty - new customers and revenue streams - brand • Services retailer Operator adds value by new services Opportunity to differentiate: Higher risk, new competencies required • • Network X User • Applications Customer Data Base • Customer Data Base Operator acts as transparent “bit-pipe” Weak differentiation possibilities content providers control the customers Small risks for the operator: low cost, small revenue opportunity Introduction of GPRS and mobile access to internet restructures the mobile market Providing connections and services Providing connections Connectivity and Messaging Voice Business Busines s SMS Media broadcast Corporate access NVOD Voice/Video Advertising Conferencing Push e-mail/imaging Workflow Data Data coll/distr From: Consum er From: Connectivity and Messaging Connectivity and e-Commerce Messaging Voice/Video Consumer Voice SMS Internet Imaging Intranet SMS / e-mail / fax Horisontal consumer svcs Communitywar e Consum er Busines s To: Consumer Busines s To: Business-to-consumer is a whole new market Many new roles for the Network Provider Infomediary Network Provider Network Provider Portal Collect, package and resell information together from 3rd parties Managed Gateway to the Internet offering advertising and content revenue Telephony Content Provider Provides applications such as email, WWW hosting, banking Application Provider Provides raw information or services Mobile Phone Is In The Highvalue Position Lookers Awareness Consideration 2 cents per impression 50 cents per clickthrough $5 per lead 25X 250X x Preference Purchase Loyalty Buyers $80 per customer 4,000X Source: Forrester Research Mobile Internet Applications More than delivering this….. There must be value add Service MMS Messaging in mobile Instant call internet MM chat Call Chat IM Low disposable WAP "SMS" MMS Message SMS Storage need Greetings Email Notice End user application Belonging High real time Expansion Instancy need High Low "souvenir" delay The Latest Exchange Rates at Your Fingertips!