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Internet del futuro Prof. Maurizio Dècina Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 1 Social Networks Semantic Web Internet of Things Web Services Increasing Knowledge Networking The Internet of the Future The Semantic Web (knowledge) The Ubiquitous Web (people & objects) The Web (information) The Social Web (people) Increasing Social Networking After Nova Spivak, Radar Networks & Mills Davis, Project 10x Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 2 The Network of the Future Internet Architecture & Network Technologies Converged & Optical Networks Application server Optical switching High Speed Broadband Access Gateway Operator A Public Internet Ad-Hoc mesh relay Optical transmission Application server European Commission, Information Society & Media Personal space Cellular and beyond Operator B Broadcast Cooperating Objects/Sensor Networks Spectrum Efficient Radio Access Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 3 Internet with Things Smart Cities Smart Buildings & Homes Smart Meters Internet of Things Environment Monitoring & Control 1012 Storage & Logistics Internet of People 109 Vehicles & Transportation Industrial Plants Mobile Services e-Health Personal Sensors Sensing Applications Internet + Internet of Things = Wisdom of the Earth Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 4 WSN 6LoWPAN & ROLL Remote Server Local Server INTERNET Router Router Backhaul link R R H Simple LoWPAN R H H R H H Ad-hoc LoWPAN Backbone link Edge Router R H R H R H R H IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack Edge Router R R H R H Extended LoWPAN R H Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks (ROLL) Standard routing algorithm for embedded apps Application specific requirements • Home automation • Commercial building automation • Industrial automation • Urban environment Sources: 6LoWPAN, The Wireless Embedded Internet, Shelby & Bormann, 2009 Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 5 Representing & Identifying Things An Individual, Uniquely Addressable Resource Web- Oriented Architecture (WOA) URI type format Web markup Data Images Video Code HTML, XHTML XML, ATOM, JSON JPG, SVG, PNG MPEG, AVI, H.264 Jsvascript, SWF • Non exhaustive list of possible representations • Links (URIs) to globally unique resources, in lieu of copies Interact via HTTP WOA/Client Resource Examples: Web page Customer Orders Products Blog posts Stock quotes Geolocations Map tiles Headshots Call records Podcasts Ajax components Web widgets Advertisements OpenOffice docs Source: Dion Hinchcliffe, 2008 • For each Real Object there is a representation in the cloud for duplications, synchronization, recreation of the object, etc. • Actions and events on the Real Object act on network images and clones, and vice versa • • • Any Virtual Object is addressable Every Virtual Object can be dynamically associated to a User Identity Every user can have control over a specific virtualized object or aggregation of objects Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 6 Programming the Web of Things WoT 3.0 High User value Internet of Things DiY applications Web 2.0 Bottom-up applications Web 1.0 Top-down applications Low Low Design effort High Embedded Web Services CoRE, Constrained RESTful Environment CoAP, Constrained Application Protocol DPWS, Device Profile for Web Services Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 Source: Lieven Trappeniers, 2009 7 Cloud Computing Taxonomy SERVICE CATEGORIES BUSINESS PROCESSES AS A SERVICE (BPAAS) SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS) PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS) INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS) DEDICATED COMMUNITY HYBRID CLOUD PRIVATE CLOUD PUBLIC CLOUD Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 Behavioral Cloudonomics by Joe Weinman, 2010 8 Old and New Internet Models National Backbone Operators Settlement free Tier 1 ISP NAP NAP Local Access Providers IXP Pay for transit BW Regional Access Providers ISP1 ISP2 ISP3 Global Transit/ National Backbones “Hyper Giants” Global “Hyper Content, CDN, ConsumerInternet Giants” Core IXP ISP1 ISP2 Pay for access BW Consumer and business customers Regional/ Tier2 Providers Customer Networks ISP1 Flatter and much more densely interconnected Internet Disintermediation between content and eyeball networks New commercial models between content, consumer and transit Customer Networks Consumer and business customers NAP: Neutral Access Point IXP: Internet Exchange Point Source: Craig Labowitz, Arbor Networks , April, 2011 Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 9 Managed Internet Services (QoS) Cloud Computing The evolution to on-demand service models, enabled by virtualization and communication networks, offers the opportunity to further advanced scenarios of "utility computing " Internet of Things The spread of cheap and pervasive computing capacity and sensors opens the way for automation applications and mass market Web applications involving personal and public smart objects Smart Grid The transformation of the energy sector (especially electricity) is based on a substantial supply of ICT infrastructure components able to "activate“ the energy transport network e-Health The emerging need for health and social care (also associated with the growth of population life expectancy) finds in ICT a chance to increase effectiveness and efficiency Intelligent Vehicle Transportation ICT offers opportunities to support the growing need of security, safety and efficiency in the transportation sector, in particular for vehicles traffic automation and control Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 10 Mobile NFC Applications Card Emulation Mode Transaction: Mobile payments, Ticketing, Access control, Transit, Top-ups, Toll gate SECURE Peer to peer Communications Connectivity: Data transfer: fast, easy & convenient device association, setup & configuration Reader Mode Service Discovery: Content distribution, Information access, Smart advertising Source: NFC Forum, 2008 Tata Docomo, Active Poster Wave & Pay m-Health Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 Alcatel-Lucent Wallet Phone 11 Future Mobile Device SENSING Augmented reality UI Map, 3D, in building navigation INTERACTING Connection manager Sources: from Qualcomm, USI, 2010 Local content & service discovery SEEING KNOWS You and what is around you LEARNS What you like DISCOVERS Things relevant to you FILTERS Out the irrelevant Massive scale computations (billions of simultaneous transactions) needed to mash up personal data, preferences, real world data, and device capability Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 12 Internet of Things, Big Data & Collective Intelligence Distributed Cloud Big Data Servers & storage Analysis engines Virtual people, devices & objects Mobile Devices People People, personal spaces & social networks Mirror World Smart Objects Universe of smart objects personal, social & public objects Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 13 Wireline vs. Wireless Peak Access Bandwidth 1 Terabit/s Wireline & Wireless Public Access Aggregated Bandwidth Peaks WDM-PON 100 Gbit/s 10 Gbit/s GPON 1 Gbit/s 100 Mbit/s 10 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s ISDN 100 kbit/s 10 kbit/s 1995 ADSL VDSL2 ADSL2+ 10GPON LTE-Beyond LTE-Advanced HSPA NG-PON2 LTE HSPA+ UMTS GSM 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Source: M. Dècina, 2011 Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 14 Reti «convergenti» fisse e mobili Common Public Radio Interface over Optical Networks DWDM PON RRU RN RRU Micro Cell Cluster Micro/Pico Cell Cluster DWDM RING DWDM PON DWDM PON RN Central Unit CU RRU - Antenna & RF Assets Coverage Area (baseband, BBU) RRU Macro cells Micro cells Micro/Pico Cell Cluster Pico/Femto cells Alcatel-Lucent LightRadio User Capacity/Throughput Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 15 Converged Access and Aggregation PoP A Optical Packet Backbone 30 PoP Areas BB NAT ISw OLO kdc Legacy GW PoP B BB NAT ISw BNAS BNAS Legacy GW SN SN SN SN SNSN CN Mobile CN Mobile SN SNSN SN SN SN CDN CDN DPI DPI, NAT & Cache AgN AgN ON ON ON ON ON CDN AgN ON Optical Node L1 AN Access Node L2 AgN L3 L3 DPI DWDM (mesh & ring) BNAS blades L1 OLO kdc SN AN AN AN AN ISw Intra PoP Switch Aggregation Node CDN Content Delivery SN Service Node DPI Deep Packet Inspection BB BackBone Node NAT Address Translation Access Site AN Access Site Access Site AN Access Site Access Site AN Access Site< Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 16 Piattaforme di controllo e servizio Convergenza ? IMS HSS AS Content Mgmt POP DAM Accesso CSCF Messaging Policy Manager Mobile Core IP Edge DPI PE BNAS HLR HSS AS CSCF CDN SBC SBC: Session Border Controller HSS: Home Subscriber Server DAM: Digital Asset Management DPI: Deep Packet Inspection MME: Mobility Management Entity PDNG: Packet Data Network GTW IMS MSC MME PDNG DPI GGSN SGSN Aggregation / Metro Fisso BB Mobile 2G/3G/4G Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 17 Software Defined Networks Well-defined open API Controller Feature/App ... Feature/App Abstract Network View Network OS Feature Rete tradizionale F F OS Custom Hardware Open interface to packet forwarding Feature F F OS Separazione del Piano di Controllo dal Piano Dati; il Custom Hardware controllo diventa ‘logicamente’ centralizzato nel Network Operating Systems (NOS) API aperte sia con i nodi (es. oggi con OpenFlow) sia con le applicazioni, permettendo attraverso una serie di astrazioni la programmabilità di rete Integrazione tra i domini IT e di Rete Hardware standard Feature F Hardware standard F OS Hardware standard Custom Hardwaredella flessibilità e velocità di Aumento innovazione Riduzione degli investimenti Semplificazione delle procedure operative Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 18 Architettura di rete del futuro Third Party Services Telco Services Virtual Retail Evolution Env.ss Future of Energy Future Learning Enterprise Processes Ecosystem of Services API Iaas, PaaS, SaaS, CaaS, NaaS,… + Network Services API Abstract Network View Network OS API Access IP Platform Wireline Optical Platform Wireless Aggregation Metro Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 Core 19 Nomi e indirizzi per mobilità: 3GPP • • Nomi – IMSI – International Mobile Subscriber Number – Temporary IMSI: TIMSI Indirizzi – MSISDN Number – MSRN - Roaming Number – HON – Hand Over Number Roaming Number HLR GMSC HLR GMSC Hand Over Number VLR MSC Service Area BSC Service Area MSC Service Area Cellular Operator A Service Area A Cells VLR Service Area Service Area MSC Service Area Cellular Operator B Service Area B Mobile Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 20 Distributed Hash Table - DHT • Chord: Query Routing Properties – Routing table size O(log(N)), where N is the total number of nodes – Guarantees that a file is found in O(log(N)) steps Succ. Table i id+2i succ 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 6 • Routing Rule Upon receiving a query for item id, a node – Checks whether stores the item locally – If not, forwards the query to the largest node in its successor table that does not exceed id, or that is equal or immediately greater than id 0 i id+2i succ 0 7 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 i id+2i succ 0 2 2 1 3 6 2 5 6 query(7) 6 Item 1 2 Hash size=3 bit 4 nodes, 8 items Succ. Table Items 3; 4; 5; 6 Succ. Table 1 7 Items 7; 0 Succ. Table 5 4 3 i id+2i succ 0 3 6 1 4 6 2 6 6 Item 2 N Nodes, K Items: each node k stores items with id ≤ k Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 21 Content Centric Networking • NDO – Named Data Object • • • • • • • Web page Document Movie Photo Song Streaming media Interactive media… • Namespace: hierarchical vs. flat • NRS – Name Resolution Service • Routing of NDO request • Routing of NDO back to requester Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 22 Content Centric Networking Data Oriented Network Architecture, DONA Resolution Handlers Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 23 Content Centric Networking Publish Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm - PSIRP SI: Scope ID RI: Rendezvous ID FI: Forward ID Requester Maurizio Dècina, Internet del futuro, Roma La Sapienza, 22 maggio 2013 24