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Our Digital World
Chapter 6
Communications and Network Technologies:
Connecting Through Computers
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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This chapter will help you be able to:
• Define computer networking and its uses.
• Describe a communications system and how data is
exchanged.
• Distinguish various types of transmission media.
• Recognize the role of network standards and
protocols.
• Describe various networking devices and software.
• Explain the importance of network security.
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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Main Topics
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6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
How Does the World Use Networking?
Exploring Communications Systems
Transmission Systems
Communications Standards and Protocols
Network Classifications
Networking Devices and Software
Securing a Network
Interesting Trends in Networking
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Why Should You Care?
• Communications systems allow computing
devices to send and receive data.
• Networks allow sharing of files, Internet
connections, and devices.
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6.1 How Does the World
Use Networking?
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The Many Uses of Networks
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A way to share files and resources.
Communicate with others.
Intranets and extranets.
Home networks.
The Internet.
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• computer network
• intranet
• extranet
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
The Internet is a global network of
a.
b.
c.
d.
microwave towers.
social networks.
several networks linked together.
intranets.
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6.2 Exploring Communications
Systems
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Communications Systems Illustrated
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Types of Signals
• Analog and digital.
• Voice transmitted as
analog on phone lines.
• Computers require a
digital signal.
• Newer technologies don’t
require the conversion.
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Analog and Digital Signals
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Transmission Speed
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Data moves at different speeds.
Frequency and bandwidth.
Network traffic.
Broadband allows the transmission of a large
amount of data at fast speed.
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Frequency Speeds
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• communications
system
• network protocol
• analog signal
• digital signal
• modem
• frequency
• bandwidth
Terms to Know
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broadband
kilobit per second (Kbps)
megabit per second (Mpbs)
gigabit per second (Gbps)
terabit per second (Tbps)
petabit per second (Pbps)
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
The number of pieces of data that can be
transmitted over a communications medium is
called
a.
b.
c.
d.
frequency.
bandwidth.
broadband.
wavelength.
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6.3 Transmission Systems
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Wired Transmissions
• Wired networks still in use.
• Various types of cables:
– Coaxial
– Twisted-pair
– Fiber-optic
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Wired Transmissions
• Coaxial
• Twisted-pair
• Fiber-optic
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Wireless Transmissions
• Cellular, microwave, and satellite.
• Radio waves.
• Signal strength and frequency.
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Cellular Technology
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Microwave Technology
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Satellite Communications
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twisted-pair cable
coaxial cable
fiber-optic cable
cellular network
cellular transmission
microwave
satellite communication
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
A cellular network sends transmissions using
a.
b.
c.
d.
microwave towers.
T-lines.
fiber-optic cable.
cell towers.
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6.4 Communications Standards
and Protocols
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What Are Standards and Protocols?
• Addressing issues of compatibility.
• Standards organizations.
• Communications standards called protocols.
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Networking in Space
• Why do we need a data communications
network in space?
• How will a network in space be used in
the near future?
• How might a network in space be used in
the distant future?
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Network Transport Standards
• Ethernet.
• Token ring.
• TCP/IP.
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Wireless Networking Standards
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Wi-Fi.
WiMAX.
Bluetooth.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP).
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Mobile Internet Usage
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• Public networks likely to be unsecured.
• Don’t access financial accounts.
• Secure your home wireless network.
Playing It Safe
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• standards
• American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
• Institute of Electrical & Electronics
Engineers (IEEE)
• protocol
• Ethernet
Terms to Know
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token ring
token
TCP/IP
packet
packet switching
Wi-Fi
802.11 standard
hotspot
Terms to Know
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WiMAX
4G standard
Bluetooth
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
email server
webmail
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
Computer standards allow
a.
b.
c.
d.
different devices to talk to each other.
data files to be decrypted.
you to create email messages.
manufacturers to design computing devices.
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6.5 Network Classifications
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Types of Networks
• Local Area Networks (LAN).
• Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN).
• Wide Area Networks (WAN).
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Network Architecture
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Sharing network resources.
Client/server.
Peer-to-peer (P2P).
Internet peer-to-peer (P2P).
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Client/Server Architecture
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Peer-to-Peer Architecture
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Network Topologies
• Arrangement of devices in a network.
• Three kinds:
– Bus topology
– Ring topology
– Star topology
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Bus Topology
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Ring Topology
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Star Topology
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local area network (LAN)
server
wireless LAN (WLAN)
metropolitan area network (MAN)
wide area network (WAN)
network architecture
client/server network
client
Terms to Know
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distributed application architecture
peer-to-peer (P2P) network
Internet peer-to-peer (P2P) network
topology
bus topology
ring topology
star topology
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
Which type of network server is shown here?
a.
b.
c.
d.
LAN.
MAN.
WLAN.
WAN.
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6.6 Networking Devices and
Software
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Network Devices
• Network devices include:
– Modems.
– Network adapters.
– Wireless access points and routers.
– Repeaters.
– Hubs and switches.
– Gateways and bridges.
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Network Devices
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Wireless Network Access Point
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Networking Operating Systems
• Used for managing networks.
• Installed on the central server.
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node
dial-up modem
DSL modem
cable modem
wireless modem
network adapter
network interface card (NIC)
wireless interface card
Terms to Know
© Paradigm Publishing, Inc.
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wireless access point
router
wireless router
repeater
hub
switch
gateway
bridge
network operating system (NOS)
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
Each device connected to a network is called
a(n)
a.
b.
c.
d.
modem.
node.
interface card.
access point.
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6.7 Securing a Network
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Network Security
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• Computer security is a hot career.
• Growth is due to increases in cyber
attacks and Internet-based applications.
Computers in Your Career
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• firewall
Terms to Know
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Ask Yourself…
A combination of hardware and software that
stops people outside a network from sending
information into it is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
a network administrator.
network security.
a firewall.
a firebreak.
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6.8 Interesting Trends in
Networking
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Mobility and VoIP
• Building Wi-Fi and VoIP into intranets.
• Saving money.
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Cloud Computing
• Software used from a network server.
• Cloud services are flexible.
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Ask Yourself…
A new networking trend is that companies are
building this cost-saving feature into their
internal networks
a.
b.
c.
d.
VoIP.
network servers.
firewalls.
cell towers.
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Our Digital World
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