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Trajan
53 A.D. – 117 A.D.
His association with the people was marked by affability and his
intercourse with the senate by dignity, so that he was loved by all and
dreaded by none save the enemy. Cassius Dio LXVIII.15
Key Events
Childhood Experiences
• Marcus Ulpius Traianus
• Father had a distinguished
civil and military career
(served as governor of Syria,
Baetica, and Asia Minor)
• Served in a military tribune
under his father is Syria in
his late teens
Family
• Married Pompeia Plotina
• No known children
Key Events
Military Experience &
Major Consequences
• Only 3 major wars during 19 year reign
• Dacian Wars: first 2 wars fought against Dacia
(powerful kingdom lying north of the Danube
frontier)
• 3rd war involved Parthian interference in
Armenia; Armenia became a Roman
providence and Mesopotamia was conquered
Contributions
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The Forum Traiani (largest of the imperial fora)
Trajan’s Market
The Baths of Trajan
The Naumachia Taiani (ampitheatre for sea battles)
The Aqua Traiana (last of the great aqueducts of Rome)
New harbor at Ostia
Established colonies for retired Roman soldiers
Trajan’s Column (glorified Trajan’s military successes)
Upon return from the Dacian War Trajan mounted an
extravagant series of public games
Impact
• Trajan left the army in Syria and returned back
to Rome to take charge of the Jewish uprising
occurring in Cyrenaica
• Already afflicted by a circulatory condition
(which he suspected as the result of poison)
Trajan suffered a stroke, leaving him paralyzed
• Set a standard for future rulers of Rome
because of his military exploits, positive
relations with the senate, and expanding of
the empire