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Aim: How was Western Europe organized politically after the Fall of Rome? Do Now: Evaluate the “before” and “after” maps of Europe. Describe what is happening? The Effects of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire Merchants faced invasions on land and sea. Businesses collapsed and money became scarce. European cities declined as centers of trade. People retreated to rural areas (countryside). Roman cities were left without strong leaders. Literacy rates dropped dramatically. Few people except priests and other Church officials were able to read. Most Greco-Roman learning was forgotten. As German-speaking people mixed with the Roman population, Latin began to change into the languages we know today such as French, Spanish and Italian. Latin was no longer a unifying force within Europe. Decline of Learning Population Shifts Downfall of Cities Disruption of Trade Loss of a Common Language The Effects of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire Disruption of Trade Merchants faced invasions on land and sea. Businesses collapsed and money became scarce. Downfall of Cities European cities declined as centers of trade. Population Shifts People retreated to rural areas (countryside). Roman cities were left without strong leaders. Decline of Learning Literacy rates dropped dramatically. Few people except priests and other Church officials were able to read. Most Greco-Roman learning was forgotten. Loss of a Common Language As German-speaking people mixed with the Roman population, Latin began to change into the languages we know today such as French, Spanish and Italian. Latin was no longer a unifying force within Europe. Franks Come to Power Germanic people lived in small communities bound by personal loyalty rather than to a leader of an Empire. Lead by Clovis, the Franks gain control of what is today France. Clovis converts to Christianity. The Frankish Kingdom and the Christian Church form a strategic alliance. Germanic People Adopt Christianity The Germanic Kingdoms played a critical role in the spread of Christianity across Europe. The Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties rule. Charlemagne Takes the Throne Charlemagne built an empire that was the strongest that Europe had experienced since Rome. He expanded his empire and united the people of Europe. Charlemagne Crowned Holy Roman Emperor After defending the Pope from an unruly mob in Rome, the Pope crowned Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”. This was significant because a Church official had claimed the right to grant a political title to a European King. Charlemagne’s Rule Charlemagne limited the power of the Nobles and closely watched over his government. He encouraged learning and opened schools to train new priests and monks. His three sons could not keep his Empire together, and central rule broke down. Close: Charlemagne's three sons could not keep the Empire together, and central rule broke down. Predict what you think will happen to western Europe after the fall of Charlemagne’s empire.