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Life During Pax Romana -The Law-New laws called “jus gentium” applied to non- citizens. As emperors granted citizenship to more people, these laws combined with the “jus civile,” or citizen law, to make one law code. -Laws generally stressed the authority of the state over the individual, gave definitive legal rights (innocent until proven guilty). Life During Pax Romana Imperial Army -Emperors maintained a professional army. -During the peaceful time, the size of the military was reduced and the fighting forces were recruited from the provinces of Rome. -With about 300,000 troops, the Romans had trouble defending their borders that ran about 4,000 miles. Life During Pax Romana The Economy -Artisans in Italy made “everyday” goods for sale throughout the empire. In return, the provinces sent luxury items gathered in trade with Asia to Italy. -Ships brought in raw materials/metals from areas throughout Rome. Life During Pax Romana Architecture and Science -Circus Maximus and the Colosseum -Pantheon and Hadrian’s Wall -Appian Way -Aqueducts and arches -Greek physician Galen – basis for Roman medicine -Ptolemy (not the one that ruled Egypt!) – advancements in Roman astonomy Life During Pax Romana Education -Studied “borrowed” knowledge -Wealthy boys and girls receive private lessons at home. -Wealthy young men eventually go to academies to study geometry, astronomy, philosophy, and oratory. -Many wealthy women continued to study at home. -Lower classes – basic knowledge of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Life During Pax Romana Language and Literature -Lingua Franca – Latin -Smaller vocabulary than Greek and English -Basis of Romance languages -Horace – Poet – “Odes” -Virgil – Epic Poet (like Greek Homer) – Aeneid