Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ebola virus disease wikipedia , lookup
Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases wikipedia , lookup
Marburg virus disease wikipedia , lookup
West Nile fever wikipedia , lookup
Bioterrorism wikipedia , lookup
Leptospirosis wikipedia , lookup
Traveler's diarrhea wikipedia , lookup
Sexually transmitted infection wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Control of Biological Agents Training Objectives By the end of this session participants will: • Understand WorkSafeBC Regulations regarding this topic • Understand the purpose of the program • Be able to identify Biological Hazards and control procedures Agenda • • • • • WorkSafeBC Regulation Requirements Definitions Symptoms and Effects Method of Transmission Exposure Control Plan Agenda (continued) • • • • • Risk Identification & Assessment Controls Hepatitis B Vaccine Response Procedures Labeling and Identification WorkSafeBC OHS Regulation • Compile list of tasks with possible exposure • If exposure is possible, an Exposure Control Plan is required • Develop work procedures • Labeling of materials • Vaccination available Definitions • Biological Agents include: • • • • • Viruses Bacterium Prion Fungus Some other biological agents Definitions • Bloodborne Diseases • Bloodborne pathogens such as: • • Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) Other WorkSafeBC specified biohazardous materials Definitions • Occupational Exposure • Reasonably anticipated exposure as a result of employment Symptoms and Effects • HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Causes AIDS • No cure or vaccination • HBV: Hepatitis B virus • Causes liver disease • Vaccination available • HCV: Hepatitis C virus • Causes liver disease, liver cancer • No cure Symptoms and Effects • HIV • Causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) • May take many years before AIDS develops • HIV attacks the body’s immune system • AIDS is a fatal disease Symptoms and Effects • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) • Short or long term liver swelling • Permanent liver damage and scarring (cirrhosis) • Liver cancer in some Symptoms and Effects • Hepatitis B Virus - continued • • • • Symptoms range from flu-like to none at all Person is infectious even if no symptoms 1% die from initial infection 10% are chronically infected Symptoms and Effects • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) • Acute and chronic liver disease • More likely to cause chronic hepatitis, liver scarring and liver cancer than HBV Symptoms and Effects • Hepatitis C Virus – continued • Often no symptoms initially • 90% become chronically infected • 1 – 2 % of population in BC is affected Method of Transmission • Transmitted through contact with infected human blood and other body fluids such as: • • • • Semen Vaginal fluids Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid • • • • Pleural fluid Peritoneal fluid Amniotic fluid Saliva – HBV only Method of Transmission • May be transmitted in 3 ways: • Through cut or punctured skin • Splash of infectious fluid on mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, nose) • Splash of infectious fluid onto non-intact skin Method of Transmission • HIV • very fragile outside the human body • HBV • can live in dried blood for 10 days or more • HCV • unknown how long it survives in the environment Exposure Control Plan • The Exposure Control Plan must: • Be in writing • List responsibilities • Include: • • • • Risk assessment Training Written work procedures Hygiene and decontamination facilities Exposure Control Plan • The Exposure Control Plan – continued • Health monitoring • Documentation Exposure Control Plan • The Plan is based on: • • • • Statistical information History at similar workplaces Known exposures and/or near misses Input from workers Risk Assessment • Risk Assessment • A systematic approach to quantify a risk • Components include: • Likelihood • Frequency • Consequence Risk Assessment • Identify at risk jobs/tasks. Examples include: • • • • Police Firefighters Parks workers Solid waste disposal workers • Cleaning Staff • • • • • Sewage workers Recreation staff Plumbers Road Crews First Aid Attendants Risk Controls 1. 2. 3. 4. Elimination Substitution Engineering Controls Work Practice Controls, which may include • • • Standard Infection Control Precautions Good housekeeping practices Safe work procedures 5. Personal Protective Equipment Risk Controls 1. Elimination • Must be the 1st option • • Is it necessary to do the task? Can it be done another way? Risk Controls 2. Substitution • Substitute the process with a less hazardous procedure • Substitute the process with an alternate procedure Risk Controls 3. Engineering Controls • Remove or isolate the hazard(s) • Use of: • • • • • tools to control sharps containers splatter guards biohazard cabinets good laboratory practices Risk Controls 4. Work Practice Controls • Reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the way a task is performed Risk Controls • Work Practice Controls include: • Standard Infection Control Precautions • Treat all human blood and other potentially infectious materials as infectious. • Take appropriate precautions in all cases • Do not assume there is low risk Risk Controls • Work Practice Controls include: • Housekeeping practices • • • • • Identify locations of concern Clean high risk areas Size and nature of the spill Cleaning instructions Type of disinfectant (MSDS) Risk Controls • Work Practice Controls include: • Safe Work Procedures Risk Controls 5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • • • • • Vital in all situations Must be available to workers Must be suitable to the hazard Workers must be instructed in its use Must fit properly Risk Controls • PPE may include: • Face shields • Gloves • Aprons, gowns, shoe covers Risk Controls • Safe Work Procedures • General rules • Handling and disposal of contaminated laundry • Picking up sharps • Removing disposable gloves • Handling garbage • Hand washing • Spill cleanup • What to do if exposed Risk Controls • General Rules • Wash hands and remove protective clothing before eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics Risk Controls • General Rules - continued • Keep hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth • Frequent hand washing is best defense against spreading infection Risk Controls • Contaminated Laundry • Isolate and minimize handling • Separate contaminated laundry from other laundry • Bag the laundry at point of use • Identify if taken to outside facilities • Do not sort or rinse on site Risk Controls • Picking Up Sharps (1) • • • • Must be trained Use the proper equipment and PPE No sharps in pockets Do not put sharps in regular garbage Risk Controls • Picking Up Sharps (2) • • • • • • Disposable waterproof gloves Place container next to sharp (do not hold) Use tongs or pliers (or pick up by shaft) Place the needle end or sharp end first Do not fill container Dispose of container Risk Controls – Removing Disposable Gloves Risk Controls • Handling Garbage (1) • • • • Handle as little as possible Watch for sharps Do not compress Do not reach into containers with bare hands • Do not pick up loose garbage unless using puncture/liquid resistant gloves Risk Controls • Handling Garbage (2) • • • • Do not completely fill bags Hold by top of bag only Hold away from the body Do not support bottom of bag with your hand Risk Controls • Hand Washing (1) • • • One of the most important and easiest prevention practices Frequent hand washing is the best defense against spreading infection Keep hands away from your eyes, nose and mouth Risk Controls • Hand Washing (2) • Wash hands and remove protective clothing: • Before eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics • Suspect glove torn or leaking • After removing gloves • After contact with with blood or body fluids • Before leaving work area Proper hand washing Risk Controls • Spill Cleanup and Decontamination • Use proper PPE • Spills must be cleaned up immediately • Use a freshly mixed 1:10 bleach solution or an approved germicide / disinfectant • Refer to written safe work procedures Exposure Response • What to do if exposed (1) • • • • Get First Aid if injury requires it Get medical attention immediately Report the incident to your supervisor Document – complete the report form Exposure Response • What To Do If Exposed (2) • Sharp Injury or Bite • • • • Let the wound bleed freely Promote bleeding Wash the affected area Seek medical attention immediately Exposure Response • What To Do If Exposed (3) • Contact With Intact Skin • • • • Immediately wash exposed area Do not use bleach or caustic disinfectant Vehicles should carry waterless hand cleaner Remember: intact skin is a barrier to transmission of diseases Exposure Response • What To Do If Exposed (4) • Contact With Non-Intact Skin or Mucous Membranes • Immediately flush the affected area with large amounts of water • Seek medical attention immediately (treat as a medical emergency) Exposure Response • Medical Evaluation • • • • Type of fluid or material Type of exposure Status of the source Status of the worker All medical information is confidential Exposure Response • Reporting the Exposure • Report all exposures/injuries where: • injury penetrates through intact skin or mucous membrane • there is an exposure to non-intact skin (healing wound, dermatitis, chapped or scraped skin) Vaccinations • If a vaccine is available for a known occupational hazard (as per WorkSafeBC Regulation) the employer will make it available to workers free of charge. Review • Protect yourself on and off the job – know what you are working with • Practice good personal hygiene • Follow procedures. Use gloves and protective clothing • Wash your hands often • Keep areas clean - report problems immediately to supervisors Summary • Today’s discussion included: • • • • • • • • WorkSafeBC Regulations Definitions Symptoms and Effects Method of Transmission Exposure Control Plan Risk Assessments and Controls Exposure Response, and Vaccinations Questions