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There They Crucified Him
Luke 23:26-33
26 Now as they led Him away, they laid hold of a
certain man, Simon a Cyrenian, who was coming from
the country, and on him they laid the cross that he
might bear it after Jesus.
27 And a great multitude of the people followed Him,
and women who also mourned and lamented Him.
28 But Jesus, turning to them, said, "Daughters of
Jerusalem, do not weep for Me, but weep for
yourselves and for your children.
29 For indeed the days are coming in which they will
say, 'Blessed are the barren, wombs that never bore,
and breasts which never nursed!'
30 Then they will begin ‘To say to the mountains,
“Fall on us!” and to the hills, “Cover us!"
31 For if they do these things in the green wood,
what will be done in the dry?"
32 There were also two others, criminals, led with
Him to be put to death.
33 And when they had come to the place called
Calvary, there they crucified Him, and the criminals,
one on the right hand and the other on the left.
THERE they crucified Him
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
• Annas
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
• Annas
• Caiaphas
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
• Annas
• Caiaphas
• Pilate
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
• Annas
• Caiaphas
• Pilate
• Herod
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
• Annas
• Caiaphas
• Pilate
• Herod
• Pilate
THERE they crucified Him
His Last Hours
• The Upper Room
• Gethsemane
• Annas
• Caiaphas
• Pilate
• Herod
• Pilate
• Golgotha
THERE they crucified Him
THERE they crucified Him
• Golgotha: “the place of the skull”
THERE they crucified Him
• Golgotha: “the place of the skull”
• Calvary: Latin word for skull
THERE they crucified Him
• Golgotha: “the place of the skull”
• Calvary: Latin word for skull
• Exact location uncertain
THERE they crucified Him
• Golgotha: “the place of the skull”
• Calvary: Latin word for skull
• Exact location uncertain
• Location has importance
THERE they crucified Him
• Golgotha: “the place of the skull”
• Calvary: Latin word for skull
• Exact location uncertain
• Location has importance
11 For the bodies of those animals, whose blood is brought
into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned outside
the camp.
12 Therefore Jesus also, that He might sanctify the people
with His own blood, suffered outside the gate.
13 Therefore let us go forth to Him, outside the camp, bearing
His reproach.
14 For here we have no continuing city, but we seek the one to
come.
Hebrews 13:11-14
There THEY crucified Him
There THEY crucified Him
• Jewish hatred of Jesus
There THEY crucified Him
• Jewish hatred of Jesus
• Jews had no right to the death penalty
There THEY crucified Him
• Jewish hatred of Jesus
• Jews had no right to the death penalty
• Rome gave authority to kill the Lord
There THEY crucified Him
• Jewish hatred of Jesus
• Jews had no right to the death penalty
• Rome gave authority to kill the Lord
22 Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a Man
attested by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs which
God did through Him in your midst, as you yourselves also
know—
23 Him, being delivered by the determined purpose and
foreknowledge of God, you have taken by lawless hands, have
crucified, and put to death.
Acts 2:22-23
There They CRUCIFIED Him
There They CRUCIFIED Him
• Cruelest death ever devised
There They CRUCIFIED Him
• Cruelest death ever devised
• Death, not by bleeding but by suffocation
There They CRUCIFIED Him
• Cruelest death ever devised
• Death, not by bleeding but by suffocation
• Sometimes took days to die
There They CRUCIFIED Him
• Cruelest death ever devised
• Death, not by bleeding but by suffocation
• Sometimes took days to die
• A medical doctor describes crucifixion
There They CRUCIFIED Him
• Cruelest death ever devised
• Death, not by bleeding but by suffocation
• Sometimes took days to die
• A medical doctor describes crucifixion
3 He is despised and rejected by men, A Man of sorrows and
acquainted with grief. And we hid, as it were, our faces from
Him; He was despised, and we did not esteem Him.
4 Surely He has borne our griefs And carried our sorrows; Yet
we esteemed Him stricken, Smitten by God, and afflicted.
5 But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was
bruised for our iniquities; The chastisement for our peace was
upon Him, And by His stripes we are healed.
Isaiah 53:3-5
There They Crucified HIM
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
• Not John the Baptist
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
• Not John the Baptist
• Not Elijah, Jeremiah or a prophet
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
• Not John the Baptist
• Not Elijah, Jeremiah or a prophet
• God’s Prophet
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
• Not John the Baptist
• Not Elijah, Jeremiah or a prophet
• God’s Prophet
• Our High Priest
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
• Not John the Baptist
• Not Elijah, Jeremiah or a prophet
• God’s Prophet
• Our High Priest
• The King of kings, presidents, rulers
There They Crucified HIM
• Not Beelzebub
• Not John the Baptist
• Not Elijah, Jeremiah or a prophet
• God’s Prophet
• Our High Priest
• The King of kings, presidents, rulers
• The Lord of All, even the rebellious
Do Not Crucify Him Again
Do Not Crucify Him Again
• Believe in Him
Mark 16:16
Do Not Crucify Him Again
• Believe in Him
Mark 16:16
• Repent—decide to obey Acts 17:30
Do Not Crucify Him Again
• Believe in Him
Mark 16:16
• Repent—decide to obey Acts 17:30
• Confess Christ
Rom. 10:9
Do Not Crucify Him Again
• Believe in Him
Mark 16:16
• Repent—decide to obey Acts 17:30
• Confess Christ
Rom. 10:9
• Baptized to be saved
Acts 22:16
Do Not Crucify Him Again
• Believe in Him
Mark 16:16
• Repent—decide to obey Acts 17:30
• Confess Christ
Rom. 10:9
• Baptized to be saved
Acts 22:16
Added to His church, His family, His body
Do Not Crucify Him Again
• Believe in Him
Mark 16:16
• Repent—decide to obey Acts 17:30
• Confess Christ
Rom. 10:9
• Baptized to be saved
Acts 22:16
Added to His church, His family, His body
• Be faithful until death
Rev. 2:10
A DOCTOR’S VIEW OF THE CRUCIFIXION \
By Dan Bowden, M.D. Pulpit Helps http:www.pulpithelps.com Vol. 12, Number 7 April, 1987 (Used by permission)
Ever since the physical death of our Lord Jesus almost two thousand years ago, medical authorities have frequently debated the actual mechanism of death
and the significance of the blood and water flowing from His chest wound following His death on the Cross. This controversy concerning the cause of death
arose primarily because of His early demise on the Cross. The Romans had plenty of experience in crucifixion, and the soldiers in the Bible seemed
genuinely surprised that Jesus died so quickly.
It is well documented in the New Testament that our Lord had a rigorous ministry, requiring that He travel by foot throughout Palestine. Most certainly, this
would have precluded any major physical illness or a weak constitution. It is well known that Jesus made the frequent trek by foot between the Sea of Galilee
and Jerusalem in order to be present for the various Jewish feasts. Accordingly, it is reasonable to assume that Jesus was in excellent physical condition prior
to His walk to Gethsemane where He was arrested.
However, in the twelve hour period following the Passover meal, our Lord suffered great emotional stress as evidenced by His perspiring blood in the garden
of Gethsemane, abandonment by His disciples, and a savage beating by Roman soldiers after His trial. In addition to being deprived of sleep that night, He
was forced to walk close to three miles while being transported to the sites of the various Roman and Jewish trials. Considering the physical and emotional
impact of these factors of our Lord, it would seem reasonable that Jesus was rendered particularly vulnerable to the cruel effects of scourging.
By the time of Christ, the Romans had refined the “art” of flogging (or scourging) to a science. Flogging was considered to be a preliminary event prior to
every Roman execution. So cruel was the practice, that women, Roman senators, and soldiers (except in cases of desertion) were considered exempt.
The scourging was carried out by using a short whip (or flagrum) with several single or braided leather thongs of various lengths. Incorporated in the thongs of
leather were small iron balls, sharp pieces of sheep bones, and sharpened metal buttons designed to exact maximum physical damage, undoubtedly
producing deep gashes in the flesh, along with deep bruising. Clearly, the victim of a scourging was sent to the cross physically weakened, but still able to
bear his own cross to the execution site, as was the custom. Indeed, it was rare for the victim not to be still able to bear the cross after scourging.
Thus, considering the excellent physical condition of our Lord, it must be considered that the scourging of Jesus was extraordinarily severe and resulted in an
excessive amount of blood loss, bordering on circulatory shock. The actual scourging was usually carried out by two soldiers with the victim stripped of his
clothing, tied to an upright pole by his hands. The soldiers would then alternate their blows flogging the back, buttocks, and legs. The severity was dependent
upon the disposition of the soldiers, and was usually limited to thirty nine lashes in accordance with Jewish law (II Corinthians 11:24). In addition to the
previously mentioned results of the scourging, it also produced a condition known as hematidrosis. This syndrome, a result of blunt trauma to the skin, causes
swelling and bleeding under the skin and results in the skin becoming extremely tender and sensitive.
As a result of a vicious beating, the victim undoubtedly lost a considerable amount of blood. Thus the severity of the flogging and the resultant blood loss
could lead to circulatory collapse and shock. This could well determine the length of time that a victim could survive on the cross. Although the Gospels do
not discuss the severity of the scourging, no doubt it was severe considering the physical weakness of Jesus on His way to the Cross. We do know that Christ
was mocked and taunted by Roman soldiers, His beard was plucked out, and a robe was placed across His shoulders. Later, when this robe was removed,
the scourging wounds were probably reopened, and the bleeding resumed. Further blood loss would have resulted, and Jesus probably would have been
near circulatory shock.
After the scourging, it was customary for the condemned man to carry his crossbar to the crucifixion site, but as Scriptures tell us, Jesus was so weakened by
the flogging and by the abusive treatment of the Roman soldiers that He was unable to bear His crossbar the entire distance to Calvary.
At the execution site, it was the custom of the Romans to nail the victims to the cross with tapered iron spikes five to seven inches in length. The spikes were
nailed through the wrists (the Greek word for hand includes the wrist) rather than the palms since the wrists would give better support and were less likely to
tear.
The survival time on the cross generally ranged from a few hours to three or four days and was inversely related to the severity of the scourging. Since no
one was intended to survive a crucifixion, one of the Roman guards would customarily hasten death by either breaking the legs below the knees, or by
piercing the body with a spear or lance.
The Roman soldiers were probably taught that an efficient fatal wound would result from a spear would to the right chest wall, thereby puncturing the heart.
Since Roman spears were five to six feet in length, one could easily reach the chest of a man crucified on the customary low cross.
The Roman soldiers were probably taught that an efficient fatal wound would result from a spear would to the right chest wall, thereby puncturing the heart.
Since Roman spears were five to six feet in length, one could easily reach the chest of a man crucified on the customary low cross.
The major physiological effect of the crucifixion, beyond the excruciating pain caused by the spikes, was a marked restriction of respiration, primarily
exhalation. With the weight of the body pulling down on the outstretched arms and shoulders, the respiratory muscles located between the ribs would be fixed
in an inhalation state and thereby make exhalation a difficult feat requiring a significant strength.
Although shallow exhalations were possible, this would suffice for only a short while. Only by elevating the body by pulling up on the hands while pushing
upward with the legs (thus supporting the entire weight of the body by the pierced members) could normal exhalation be accomplished. However, this was
such a painful maneuver that it could be performed only intermittently, and for short periods of time. In addition, the lifting of the body probably would painfully
scrape the scourged back against the rough wood of the cross, and cause a resumption of the bleeding.
As noted above, respiration was primarily diaphragmatic and thus very shallow. With such shallow breathing, carbon dioxide would quickly accumulate in the
blood leading to painful muscle cramps and tetany. With the limitation of breathing (combined with the circulatory shock that was probably present), fluid
would quickly accumulate in the lungs and in the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart). This would further worsen respiration and hasten death. Death
on the cross usually resulted from suffocation, shock, and exhaustion as a direct result of the victim’s attempts to breathe. Other possible contributing factors
would include dehydration (dependent upon the length of time spent on the cross), pulmonary edema (water on the lungs), and congestive heart failure.
In the case of our Lord, the Gospel of John describes the piercing of Christ’s side and the out flowing of blood and water. Many have assumed that the
passage referred to the piercing of the abdomen, and that the water resulted from puncturing the bladder or the presence of ascites (intra-abdominal fluid that
can collect as a result of stress or disease). However, a study of the Greek word for “side” used in the passage is pleura, which clearly refers to the chest
rather than the abdomen.
Our lungs and the walls of the internal chest cavity are lined with a thin, clear membrane called the “pleural lining.” Thus it seems probable that the spear
wound was to one side of the chest wall. Tradition has depicted the right side, although John is not specific. Medically speaking, this would support the idea
of the flow of “blood and water …” from Christ’s side since the spear would first puncture the lung and allow the accumulated water, probably due to
pulmonary edema, to flow out.
In congestive heart failure caused by stress, the right side of the heart enlarges, and results in fluid collecting in the lungs (pulmonary edema) and
pericardium. As the spear continued through the lungs, it would next puncture the pericardium (the sac around the heart) allowing more “water” to drain out of
the wound. Finally, the enlarged right ventricle of the heart would be punctured by causing a large flow of blood from the wound. Thus, the water probably
represents clear fluid from the lungs and pericardial sac, and the blood is from a direct puncture of the right side of the heart.
Other writers have suggested that the cause of Christ’s death was from some type of catastrophic event such as cardiac rupture, irregular heart beats, or the
sudden passage of blood clots to the heart, lungs, or brain. Such an event is suggested by the fact that the Scriptures say Jesus cried out in a loud voice,
then bowed His head and died. With the setting of the scourging and crucifixion, the physical stress that Christ endured could have led to the formation of
blood clots on the heart valves that could possibly dislodge and travel to some vital organ. If the clot was large enough, then death would quickly follow.
Although uncommon, rupture of the heart wall has occurred hours after a blood clot has traveled to the heart. Again, death would come within seconds after
the rupture.
Another reasonable scenario would be that His death was multi-factorial. Death would then be a result of the combination of His blood loss, exhaustion,
circulatory collapse, circulatory shock, and suffocation. In such a case, the final event is a fatal cardiac arrhythmia caused by the various factors.
Finally, as Christians we realize that our Lord’s death occurred only because He allowed it to occur. Had he desired to lengthen His time on the cross, then
certainly, it would have happened. Our study of the possible mechanisms of His death is, at best, problematical and speculative. The real significance of the
death of Christ is that He ultimately conquered death, and He arose from the dead three days later..