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Summary Lecture
Gout/Glaucoma
Learning Outcomes
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Predict the activity of a drug based on its structure & physiochemical
properties
Demonstrate an understanding of how the physical & chemical
properties of a drug determine its
pharmacology,toxicology,bioavailability and behaviour in formulations
Identify typical example of drugs which are used to restore
physiological functions in gout & glaucoma
Describe the mechanism of therapeutic action of a selected drug at
the molecular,cellular,organ system and whole body levels
Describe the common adverse effects of a selected drug & their
mechanism of production
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate an understanding of basic
metabolism in relation to drugs &
efficacy & safety in relation to the
treatment of disease and/or
maintenance of health
• Have an awareness of the risk factors &
prevalence of gout & glaucoma so as to
identify & refer presentations in the
pharmacy appropriately
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate an understanding of the
clinical & therapeutic principles of
treatment of gout & glaucoma
• Be aware of the pharmacological &
non-pharmacological aspects of
managing patients with gout &
glaucoma
Inflammation
• Be aware of the cell types involved in
inflammation
• Be aware of the inflammatory mediators
• Understand the multiple roles of the
prostanoids
Allergy
• Understand the different grades &
associated symptoms of allergy
• Classification of allergic
anaphylactic reactions
• Types of hypersensitivity
• Role of IgE
• Delayed reactions
and
Allergy
• Be familiar with appropriate treatments
for allergy
• Understand the cross-reactivity that
may exist between sulfonamide
antibiotics and other sulfonamide drugs
• Be familiar with commonly use drugs
containing a sulfonamide moiety
Non-selective &
selective COX-2
inhibitors
• Understand the role COX-1 & COX-2
play in the physiological &
pathophysiological process of
inflammation
• Be familiar with the arachidonic acid
cascade
Selective COX-2
Inhibitors
• Understand the clinical & molecular
differences between a non-selective &
selective COX-2 inhibitor
• Understand the how binding by
NSAIDs,COX-1 & COX-2 in the
arachidonic acid cascade allows
pharmacological targeting due to
structural differences
Gout
• Understand the clinical features of gout
• Be familiar with serum urate
concentrations for hyperuricaemia in
males & females
• Understand the difference between uric
acid & urate
Gout
• Understand the causes of
hyperuricaemia
• Be aware of the risk factors of gout
• Knowledge of which medications may
be predisposing to causing gout
Treatment
of
gout
• Knowledge of medications to treat &
avoid in the acute attack of gout
• Be aware of the revised dosing
recommendations for colchicine in
acute gout
• When to avoid or reduce the dose of
NSAID’s or colchicine & possible drug
interactions
Maintenance of gout
• Urate lowering drugs available
• Role of xanthine oxidase
• Dose limitations in renal impairment
• Understand the rationale behind
separating the treatment of acute
attacks from introducing urate lowering
measures
• Knowledge of correctable factors to
treat
Glaucoma
• Understand the relevance of elevated
intraocular pressure in the diagnosis of
glaucoma
• Pathological features
• Types of glaucoma
• Risk factors
Treatments available
to manage glaucoma
• For each of the different classes of eye
drops to treat elevated IOP be familiar
with their mechanism,efficacy,order of
treatment,precautions &
contraindications & interactions
• Understand the need for simplified
dosing regimes,individualised education
to improve adherence & reduce the risk
of blindness
Use of eye drops
• Be able to instruct the patient on the
correct instillation of eye drops
• How to minimise microbial
contamination
• How to minimise side effects