Download Circulatory System Notes Part II

Circulatory System Notes
Part II
#10
Heart structure of other organisms
• Single circulation
• Heart is 2-chambered
• Blood pressure is low after
blood passes through gill
capillaries
• Swimming helps propel blood
to systemic capillaries and
back to the heart
#10
Heart structure of other organisms
• Double circulation
• Heart is 3-chambered
• Gas exchange occurs at the
lungs and skin
• Blood from two atria mix into
a single ventricle, a ridge
diverts the oxygen-poor from
the oxygen rich blood
#10
Heart structure of other organisms
• Double circulation
• Heart is 3-chambered
• Ventricle is partially divided,
less mixing of the blood
occurs
#10
Heart structure of other organisms
• Double circulation
• Heart is 4-chambered
• Helps support high metabolic
rates of birds and mammals;
pumps enough fuel and
oxygen to body tissues
• Left ventricle has thicker walls
than right ventricle
#11
Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure: the force that blood exerts against
the walls of your blood vessels
• Measured in the arteries of
the arm at the same height of the heart.
• 120 / 70  healthy young adult blood pressure
• numerator = systolic pressure
• donominator = diastolic pressure
Blood Pressure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S648xZDK7b0
#12
Cardiac Cycle
• Systole:
– “Lub”
– Contraction phase
– Atriums contract to completely fill
the ventricles
– Then, ventricles contract to pump
blood into the arteries
– Tricuspid and Mitral valve are closed
– Pulmonary and Aortic valves are
open
#12
Cardiac Cycle
• Diastole:
– “Dub”
– Relaxed phase
– Blood flows into all 4
chambers
– Tricuspid and Mitral valves
are open
– Pulmonary and Aortic valves
are closed
#13
Pump it up!
• Average amount of blood pumped out of heart per
beat (cardiac cycle) = 70mL
• Average number of heart beats (cardiac cycles) per
minute = 72
How much blood does the heart pump per minute?
• 70mL x 72 heart beats = 5040 mL/min (5L/min)
• A drop of blood can travel through the entire
systemic circuit in one minute!
#14
SA
Node
Each heart muscle contracts and relaxes to an intrinsic
rhythm…how?
• SA Node: (sinoatrial node) is a group of cells that set the rate at which all the
cardiac muscle cells contract, it is your pacemaker. Found in the upper wall of
the right atrium. Generates electrical impulses similar to a nerve cell.
• These electrical impulses in the heart generate electrical changes in the skin,
which can be detected and recorded by an electrocardiogram (EKG).
#14
Artificial Pacemakers
• Artificial Pacemaker: a device that emits
electrical signals to trigger normal heart beats
#15
Heart Attack
• ½ the deaths in the US are caused by cardiovascular disease
• 1/3rd of heart attack victims die immediately
Description
Warning Signs (Symptoms) Treatments or Preventions
-When one or more
coronary arteries
become blocked, heart
muscles die
-Chest discomfort
-SA Node unable to
maintain a normal
rhythm
-Discomfort in other parts
of the body (arms, neck,
jaw, stomach)
-Shortness of breath
- Cold sweat
-Electrical shocks from
an external defibrillator
(AED)
- Aspirin
-Exercise and healthy
diet
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qje-XlNowI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7wmPWTnDbE
#15
Stroke
Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
- Death of brain tissue due
to lack of O2
- Face Drooping
- Blood thinning
medications
- Arm Weakness
- Blockage of arteries in the
head
- Speech Difficulty
- Rehabilitation
- Time to call 9-1-1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCNTMIcOMpE&NR=1&feature=fvwp
#15
Deep Vein Thrombosis
•Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
•A blood clot that forms in
a vein deep in the body
•Swelling of the leg
•Anticoagulants
•Pain or tenderness in the
leg when standing or
walking
•Vena Cava Filter
•Most occur in the lower
leg or thigh
•Compression Stockings
•A loose clot can travel to
the lung’s arteries and
block flow (pulmonary
embolism)
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/dvt/
#15
Myocarditis
Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
•Inflammation of the heart •Stabbing chest pain
•Antibiotics
muscle caused by a viral or
bacterial infection
•Shortness of breath during •Diuretics (promotes
exercise
production of urine)
•Small amounts of urine
•Calcium channel blockers
(increases supply of blood
and O2 to the heart)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11FqAJ-_gIs
#15
Murmur
Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
•Most murmurs are
harmless.
•A bluish color on the skin,
especially on the fingertips
and lips
•Sometimes the symptoms
go away by themselves
•A heart murmur is an
extra or unusual sound
heard during a heartbeat.
•Leaky valves
•Lifestyle changes
•Enlarged neck veins
•Excessive sweating with
minimal or no exertion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XvtBpnV_lOE
#15
Aneryusm
Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
• Balloon-like bulge in an
artery
• Damage and weakening
of the artery’s walls
• Avoid smoking
• Surgical removal
• Can rupture (burst) and
cause internal bleeding 
fatal
• Build up of plaque
• Insertion of a stent
#15
Reynaud’s Disease
•Description
•Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
•Treatments or
Preventions
•Difficultly of carrying
blood to extended parts of
the body (hands and feet)
•Cold temperatures or
stress can trigger “attacks”
•Protection from cold
temperatures
•Skin may turn white and
then blue for a short time
•Learn ways to handle
stress
•Brief episodes of
vasospasm, which is a
narrowing of the blood
vessels.
•As blood flow returns, the
affected areas may turn
red and throb, tingle, burn,
or feel numb
#15
Hypertension
Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
•High blood pressure
•Blood Pressure above:
120/80
•Eat less than teaspoon of
salt a day (1,500mg)
•No other symptoms are
usually seen the beginning
years of the condition
•Weight loss
•Exercise
•Healthy diet
•Avoid stress
•“Silent Killer”
http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-bloodpressure/ss/slideshow-hypertension-overview
#15
Polycythemia Vera
Description
Signs of Disease
(Symptoms)
Treatments or Preventions
•body makes too many red
blood cells
• Feelings of pressure or
fullness on the left side of
the abdomen due to an
enlarged spleen
•A pint of blood is removed
once a week until RBC
count is normal.
•Thickens blood making it
difficult for oxygen-rich
blood to flow to parts of
the body
•Heavy bleeding from small
cuts
#16
Warafin
• Anticoagulant – prevents clotting of
the blood
• Higher risk of bleeding because of
the thinner blood
#16
Aspirin
• Taking an aspirin as soon as
symptoms start greatly improves
the chance of survival.
• Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory
drug.
• Aspirin “thins” the blood and
helps prevent blood clots from
forming.
#16
Angioplasty
• A procedure to open narrow/blocked coronary arteries.
• A deflated balloon catheter inserted into a coronary artery.
• The balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall.
#16
Stents
• A small mesh tube that's used to treat narrow or weak arteries.
• Helps support the inner wall of the artery
#16
Bypass Surgery
• A healthy blood vessel taken from the leg, arm, chest or abdomen and
connects it to the other arteries in the heart.
• Blood is bypassed around the diseased or blocked area
#16
Heart Transplant
• A heart transplant replaces the patient's heart with a donor heart.