Download The Profession of Medical Assisting

CHAPTER
2
Healthcare and the
Healthcare Team
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in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-2
Learning Outcomes
2.1 Discuss healthcare and healthcare trends and
their relationship to medical assistant practice.
2.2 Identify medical specialties and specialists
certified by the American Board of Medical
Specialties (ABMS).
2.3 Recognize the duties of various allied health
professionals with whom medical assistants
may work.
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in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-3
Learning Outcomes
2.4 Compare specialty careers that a medical
assistant may choose for advancement.
2.5 Differentiate professional associations that
relate to healthcare and their relationship to the
medical assisting profession.
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2-4
Introduction
• Medical assistants are an
integral part of the health-care
team
• A working knowledge of
specialties and allied health
professionals enables the MA
to function better as a member
of the health-care team
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in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-5
Healthcare and Facilities
• Healthcare continuously evolving
• Trends
– Technology
– Preventative care and wellness
– Aging population
– Ambulatory care
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2-6
Healthcare Facilities
• Ambulatory care
– Physician’s office
– Clinics
– Urgent care centers
– Hospitals
• Long-term care
• Hospice care
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2-7
Apply Your Knowledge
What are two trends in healthcare and how might
they affect your practice as a medical assistant?
ANSWER: (any two of the following)
Technology – MA must have a working knowledge of computers
and electronic equipment
Preventive care & wellness – must be able to guide patients to
better practices
Aging population – medical assistants are most likely to care for
older adults
Ambulatory care – more positions becoming available in
outpatient centers
Correct!
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2-8
Medical Specialties
• Approximately 24 major
medical specialties exist
• Driven by advances in
diagnosing and treating
various diseases
• American Board of
Medical Specialties
(ABMS)
Cardiology
Pediatric
Cardiology
Adult
Cardiology
Cardiology = specialty
Pediatrics and Adult = subspecialties
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2-9
Medical Specialties
Specialist
Function
Family
Practice
 Family practitioner, general practitioner,
primary care physician (PCP)
 Diagnosis and treatment of all conditions
and age groups
 Management of patients’ long-term
healthcare
Allergy
 Allergist
 Diagnosis and treatment of people with
hypersensitivity to substances such as
drugs, chemicals, and elements in nature
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2-10
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Specialist and Function
Anesthesiology  Anesthesiologist; certified registered
nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
 Use of medications that alter sensation
and feelings before, during, and after
surgery
Bariatrics
 Medical and surgical treatment of
obesity
Cardiology
 Cardiologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of
the heart and blood vessels
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2-11
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Specialist and Function
Dermatology
 Dermatologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the
skin, hair, and nails
Osteopathy
 Doctor of osteopathy
 Osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM)
 Whole-person approach to healthcare
Emergency
Medicine
 Physicians work in hospital emergency
rooms and outpatient emergency care
centers
 Diagnosis and treatment of conditions
resulting from unexpected medical crises
and accidents
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2-12
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Endocrinology
Specialist and Function
 Endocrinologist
 Diagnoses and treats disorders of the
endocrine system, which regulates
many body functions
Gastroenterology  Gastroenterologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of
the stomach, intestines, and other
organs
Gerontology
 Gerentologist / geriatrician
 Diagnosis and treatment of problems
and diseases affecting older adults
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2-13
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Specialist and Function
Gynecology
 Gynecologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of
the female reproductive system
Internal
Medicine
 Internist / doctor of internal medicine
 Diagnoses and treats problems related to
internal organs
Nephrology
 Nephrologist
 Study, management, and diagnosis of
diseases of the kidney
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2-14
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Neurology
Nuclear
Medicine
Obstetrics
Specialist and Function
 Neurologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of disorders and
diseases of the nervous system
 Use of a small amount of radiation to
diagnose and treat diseases
 Obstetrician
 Manages pregnancy, labor and delivery,
and postpartum
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2-15
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Orthopedics
Specialist and Function
 Oncologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of patients with
cancer
 Ophthalmologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
and disorders of the eye
 Orthopedist
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
and disorders of bones and muscles
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2-16
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Specialist and Function
Otorhinolaryngology  Otorhinolaryngologist (ENT)
 Diagnoses and treats ear, nose,
and throat disorders
Pathology
 Pathologist
 Study of disease
Pediatrics/
Adolescent
Medicine
 Pediatrician
 Diagnosis and treatment of
childhood diseases
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2-17
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Specialist and Function
Physical Medicine
Podiatry
Plastic Surgery
 Physical medicine specialists
(physiatrists)
 Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
and disorders with physical therapy
 Doctor of podiatric medicine;
podiatrists
 Study and treatment of disorders of
the foot
 Plastic surgeon
 Surgical reconstruction, correction,
and improvement of body structures
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2-18
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Proctology
Specialist and Function
 Proctologist
 Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of
the anus, rectum, and intestines
Radiology
 Radiologist
 Use of x-rays and radioactive
substances to diagnose and treat
diseases
Sports Medicine  Interdisciplinary subspecialty of
medicine dealing with treatment and
preventative care of athletes
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2-19
Medical Specialties (cont.)
Specialty
Surgery
Urology
Specialist and Function
 Surgeon
 Use of hands and instruments to
diagnose, correct, and treat injuries and
diseases
 Urologist
 Diagnoses and treats diseases of the
kidneys, bladder, and urinary system
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2-20
Apply Your Knowledge
Name the medical specialists who would be involved in
the care of a 6-month-old infant with massive burns
over 30% of the body and indicate how each specialist
would contribute to the care for this situation.
ANSWER: The following specialists could be involved in the
care of this patient:
• Pediatrician because of the age of the infant
• Plastic surgeon to perform skin grafting
• Dermatologist for skin, hair, and nail repair
• Emergency medicine for treatment during medical crisis
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2-21
Health-Care Team
Doctors
Nurses
PATIENT
Specialists
Medical Assistants
Knowing the duties of other health-care team members will
help you be a more effective team member.
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2-22
Allied Health Professionals
Discipline
Acupuncturist
Function
 Treats pain or discomfort by
inserting thin, hollow needles
under the skin to balance the
opposing forces of yin and yang
 Based on Chinese beliefs
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2-23
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Chiropractor
Function
 Treats disorders without drugs or
surgery by making adjustments to
realign the vertebrae and restore
function of spinal nerves
 Is an independent practitioner
Electroencephalographic  Electroencephalography is the study
and recording of the brain’s electrical
(EEG) Technologist /
activity
Technician
 EEG technicians work in hospitals,
physicians’ offices, and clinics
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2-24
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Massage
Therapist
Function
 One of the oldest methods to promote
healing
 Promotes muscle and full body relaxation;
increases circulation and lymph flow
 Uses pressure, kneading, stroking,
vibration, and tapping
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2-25
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Function
Medical Technology – includes:
Clinical
 Performs lab tests under supervision of
Laboratory
physicians or medical technologists
Technician (CLT)  1- or 2-year degree
Medical
Technologist
 Examines specimens of human body
tissues and fluids, analyze blood factors,
and culture bacteria
 4-year degree
 May specialize in blood banking,
microbiology, or chemistry
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2-26
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Nuclear
Medicine
Technologist
Function
 Duties include:
 Overseeing quality control
 Preparing and administering radioactive drugs
 Operating radiation detection instruments
 Positioning patients
 Performing imaging procedures
 Prepare information for the physician
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2-27
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Occupational
Therapist
Function
 Helps patients attain maximum physical
and mental health
 Works with patients who have
- physical injuries or illnesses
- psychological or developmental
problems
- problems associated with the aging
process
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in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-28
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Pharmacist
Function
 Dispenses medications and health supplies
 Know the chemical and physical qualities
of drugs and is knowledgeable about the
companies that manufacture drugs.
 Informs the public about the effects of
prescription and nonprescription (over-thecounter) medications.
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2-29
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Function
Physical
 Plans and uses physical therapy
programs to restore function, relieve pain,
Therapist (PT)
and prevent disability
 Uses a variety of methods including
 Electricity, heat, and cold
 Ultrasound and massage
 Exercise
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2-30
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Function
Radiologic technology - includes:
Radiographer
 Assists a radiologist in taking x-ray films
(X-ray Technician)
Radiographic
Technologist
 Trained in x-ray theory and practical
applications for use of x-rays and radioactive
materials for the treatment of disease
 May specialize in radiation therapy,
radiography, or nuclear medicine
Radiation
Therapy
Technologist
 Assist the radiologist in administering
radiation treatments
 Maintains radiation treatment equipment
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2-31
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Registered
Dietitian
Function
 Assists patients and family to make
healthful food choices
 Assists ill patients with nutritional needs
 Assists food-service directors at
healthcare facilities prepare and serve
food
 Participates in research
 Teaches nutrition classes
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2-32
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Function
Respiratory Therapy – includes:
Respiratory
Therapist
 Evaluates, treats, and cares for patients
with respiratory problems such as:
o
o
o
o
Respiratory
Therapy
Technician
Asthma
Emphysema
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
 Preforms procedures, cleans, sterilizes,
and maintains respiratory equipment
 Documents therapy in medical record
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2-33
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Function
Nursing Aide/
Assistant
 Direct care of patients under the
supervision of the nursing staff
Practical/
Vocational Nurse
 Assists registered nurses and
physicians by observing patients and
reporting changes
(LPN, LVN)
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2-34
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Functions
Registered Nurse
 Responsible for planning, giving,
and supervising bedside care
 Associate Degree Nurse (ADN)
 Diploma RN
 Baccalaureate Nurse
o Nurse generalists
o Roles other than hospital staff
nurses
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2-35
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Title
Nurse
Practitioner
(NP)
Function
 An RN that functions in an expanded
nursing role
 Duties/functions depend upon practice
setting
o Independent practice
o In a physician’s practice
 Emphasizes preventative healthcare
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2-36
Allied Health Professionals (cont.)
Discipline
Function
Physician
 Practices medicine under the laws of the
Assistant (PA)
state and supervision of a physician
 Provide diagnostic, therapeutic, and
preventative healthcare service
Speech/
Language
Pathologist
 Treats communication disorders
 Evaluates, diagnoses, and counsel
patients
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2-37
Apply Your Knowledge
If you had to choose other healthcare team members to
plan the care for a 68-year-old patient recently diagnosed
with a stroke, who has a history of seizure disorders, which
would you choose, and why?
Good
Job!
ANSWER: The healthcare team members that might participate in
this patient’s care are:
• Physical therapist for decreased mobility due to stroke
• Pharmacist to review medications
• Nutritionist for dietary evaluation and possible modifications
• EEG technician to perform EEG for brain electrical activity
• Nursing staff (RN, LPN, CNA)
• Other health-care professionals will also be part of the team!
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2-38
Specialty Career Options
• Require additional education, training, or
certification
• Administrative or clinical
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2-39
Administrative Specialty Careers
• Billing and Insurance Specialist
• Certified Medical Reimbursement
Specialist (CMRS)
• Compliance Officer
• Electronic Claims Professional
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2-40
Administrative Specialty Careers (cont.)
• Medical Biller and Coder, Health
Information Coder, or Medical Coder
• Medical Transcriptionist
• Registered Health Information Technician
(RHIT) also
– Medical Record Technician
– Medical Chart Specialist
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2-41
Clinical Specialty Careers
• Anesthesiologist Assistant
• Cardiovascular Technologist
• Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
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2-42
Clinical Specialty Careers (cont.)
• Mental Health Technician
• Physical Therapy Assistant
• Surgical Technician
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2-43
Apply Your Knowledge
List at least three administrative specialty
and three clinical specialty careers.
ANSWER:
Administrative
Billing & Insurance Specialist
CMRS
Compliance Officer
Electronic Claims Professional
Medical Coder
Medical Transcriptionist
RHIT
Correct!
Clinical
Anesthesiologist Assistant
Cardiovascular Technologist
Dental Assistant
EMT
Mental Health Technician
PT or OT Assistant
Pathologist Assist
Pharmacy Technician
Phlebotomist
Surgical Technician
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2-44
Healthcare Professional Associations
• Involvement in issues and activities
relevant to your profession
• Opportunities for
continuing
education
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2-45
Healthcare Professional Associations (cont.)
• American Association of Medical
Assistants (AAMA)
• American Association of Professional
Coders (AAPC)
• The Association for Healthcare
Documentation Integrity (AHDI)
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2-46
Healthcare Professional Associations (cont.)
• American College of Physicians (ACP)
• American Health Information Management
Association (AHIMA)
• American Hospital Association (AHA)
• American Medical Association (AMA)
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2-47
Healthcare Professional Associations
(cont.)
• American Medical Technologists
(AMT)
• American Pharmacists Association
(APhA)
• American Society for Clinical
Pathology (ASCP)
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2-48
Professional Associations and Organizations
• American College of Physicians (ACP)
– Dedicated to providing education and information
resources to the field of internal medicine and its
subspecialties
• American Hospital Association (AHA)
– Largest network of institutional healthcare providers
– Supports and promotes the interest of hospitals and
healthcare organizations
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2-49
The Joint Commission
• Non-profit organization
• Goal is to maintain and elevate the
standards of healthcare delivery
• Accreditation
• Establishes National Patient Safety Goals
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2-50
Council of Ethical and Judicial Affairs
(CEJA)
• Develops ethics policy for the AMA
• Addresses timely ethical issues
• Maintains and updates the AMA Code of
Ethics
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2-51
Apply Your Knowledge
Match association/organization with function:
ANSWER:
AMAA
AHA
APC
TJC
CEJA
Addresses ethical issues that confront
physicians
Establishes National Patient Safety
Goals
Established for those interested in
medical assisting
Society of internists
Supports and promotes the interests
of hospitals and healthcare
Right
organizations
Answer!
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2-52
In Summary
2.1 Medical assistants typically work in ambulatory care
settings using EHR. They can expect to work with many
older patients and should practice and assist patients
with preventive care.
2.2 The American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS)
certifies 24 major medical specialties. Within these
specialties are several subspecialties. As new medical
advances occur, the demand for more specialty areas
will emerge.
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in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-53
In Summary (cont.)
2.3 Medical assistants are members of a healthcare team.
Understanding the duties of other healthcare
professionals will assist you as a professional medical
assistant.
2.4 A variety of medical specialty careers are available for
the practicing administrative or clinical medical
assistant. These careers require additional training or
education and/or other certifications.
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in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-54
In Summary (cont.)
2.5 Being a member of a professional association is
essential to medical assisting practice. Knowledge of
other healthcare and medical organizations allows the
practicing medical assistant to function successfully
within his profession.
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution
in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.
2-55
End of Chapter 2
They go the extra mile.
They give their hearts,
and lead with great
minds.
—Sharon Hudacek
From A Daybook for Nurses:
Making a Difference Each Day
© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution
in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.