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Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Importance of Lifelong Learning
• Lifelong learning: all purposeful learning
activities
• World changing faster than ever before
• Technological advances
• New products
• Learning continues after graduation
• Need to keep up with changes on the job
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Keeping Up With Changes in
Health Care
• The ongoing changes in health care require
ongoing education.
– Constant changes means knowledge quickly becomes
outdated
• Graduation is end of formal training, but beginning
of lifetime learning
• Cross-Training is resulting in an expansion of
duties rather than increased specialization.
– The increase in third-party payers of health care costs
means that health care workers need to learn more about
coding and billing.
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Continuing Education Units
• CEUs
– Credits earned to add to professional
knowledge, after graduation.
– One CEU is 50 to 60 minutes.
• Also known as CPE
• Some professions require a specified
number of CEU before relicensure or
recertification
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Ways to Earn CEUs
• Special sessions or workshops
– Documentation is necessary, so you have to
sign in when you attend or chance missing
the CEUs.
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Home study or study packets
Distance education courses
Internet courses
Evaluate quality and applicability of course
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Criteria for Choosing CEUs
• Before enrolling in a workshop that offers CEUs,
you should check with your professional
organization and/or regulatory organization to be
sure that the units will be accepted.
– Future career goals
– Reputation of educational provider
– Areas of personal and/or professional weakness that
need improvement
– Personal and/or professional interests
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Self-Directed Learning
• Planned activities to increase your knowledge
and skills
– They don’t have to earn CEUs in order to be of value.
• *Observe others
• Ask questions
• In addition to attending courses and studying on
your own, two good ways to learn with others
are in a study group or with a partner/mentor.
• Read books and journal articles
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Self-Directed Learning
• Attend professional conferences and
meetings
• Watch videos or DVDs and educational
television programs
• Explore the Internet
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Patients as Individuals
• Patient well-being is affected by attitude,
expressed concern, and technical skills
• Individuals are complex
• Cultural influences, personal experiences,
and basic human needs all play a role
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Philosophy of Individual Worth
• Every human being has worth and is entitled to
respect.
• Give same level of care regardless of any
other factors
• Some patients present very unique challenges
• A statement of ideal behavior to stay motivated
when facing patients who do not appreciate
your efforts.
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Dealing With Prejudice
• “Minority” groups of the past now make up significant percentages of
the total population.
• Prejudice defined
– Prevents seeing people as unique individuals
• Don’t assume. Be respectful and collect information about the
beliefs of the patients. Ex. Spanish speaking doesn’t always
mean Catholic.
– Leads to unfavorable judgments
– Almost everyone has prejudices
– Must identify prejudice to deal with it
• Being aware of your own prejudice allows you do deal with them.
• Difficult to recognize because they become part of our belief
system or reality.
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The Meaning of Culture
• Culture defined
– All factors that influence an individual’s beliefs
and actions
• Dominant culture
• Personal space (distance between people in
conversation) and personal contact
• Cultures vary in their approved behaviors.
– What is polite in one culture is rude in another.
– Different customs can still be appropriate ways
to live.
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Health Care Beliefs
• Vary widely among cultural groups
– “Western” medicine is based on scientific methods
• Religious beliefs, harmony, and health
– Faith Healing: belief that illness can be cured through
prayer
– Humors: body fluids that control the body’s state of health
• Herbs and plant medicines
– Home Remedies: medications from roots and herbs
– Just because it’s “natural” doesn’t mean it won’t cause
serious problems.
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Health Care Beliefs
• Respect these beliefs, but it does NOT mean
the patient knows best.
– Evil Eye: stare that can cause physical harm.
– Charm: protects against evil spirits
– Yin and Yang: opposing energy forces that
influence health
– Tai chi: movements that promote flexibility and
healthy joints
– Hot-cold principle: classification of illnesses with
corresponding medications and foods.
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Determining Individual Needs
• Effectiveness of health care worker
– Understanding and respecting individual
differences
• Patients have different perceptions of the
health care setting
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Individual Needs
• Observe patient’s behavior and ways of
interacting with others
• Determine whether language barriers are
present
• Ask questions to learn individual
preferences
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Individual Needs
• Listen carefully to patient’s responses
• Some patients need more information than
others
– Explain what you are doing and why
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
of Human Needs
• Developed by American Psychologist, Abraham
Maslow
• You can move up without completely realizing the
previous step.
• Understanding this allows you to understand patient
motivations for their behavior.
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Maslow’s
Hierarchy
• Confidence is own abilities, achievement of
personal goals
• Feelings of self-worth, trusted by friends
• Strong friendships, good family
relationships
• No anxiety, strategies for stress
• Peaceful sleep, adequate oxygen
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Defense Mechanisms
– Compensation: drinking heavily after spouse
dies
– Denial: refusing to believe diagnosis
– Displacement: rude to coworkers after a fight
with your spouse
– Projection: criticize everyone, then accuse
boss of being too tough when own work is
corrected
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Defense Mechanisms
• Rationalization: Can’t quit smoking
because life is too stressful
• Regression: 12 year old wetting the
hospital bed
• Withdrawal: recently divorced declines all
invitations for social activities
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Dealing With Loss
• What is a loss?
– A loss will significantly influence patient
behavior
– Health care workers can help patients deal
with loss
• You need to be willing to discuss loss if a patient
wants to talk about it.
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Ways of Dealing With Loss
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Seek support from family and friends
Find comfort in religion
Draw on self-esteem
Employ problem-solving techniques
Use defense mechanisms
Become angry and depressed
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