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Chapter 14
Seeing and Hearing
The Ocular and Auditory Systems
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Functions of the Eye
• The ocular system is responsible for
vision
• The combining forms for eye or sight
are opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, ocul/o, and
ophthalm/o
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Structures of the Eye
• The accessory structures of the eye
include
– orbit
– eye muscles
– eyelids or palpebrae
• belphar/o is the combining form
– eyelashes
– conjunctiva
• conjunctiv/o is the combining form
– lacrimal apparatus
• lacrim/o and dacry/o are the combining forms
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Structures of the Eye
• The structures of the eyeball include
– sclera = outer layer
• Combining form is scler/o
• The transparent, anterior portion is called the cornea
– Combining form for cornea is corne/o
– choroid = middle layer
• Consists of blood vessels, iris, pupil, lens, and ciliary
body
• Combining form is choroid/o
– retina = inner layer
• Nervous tissue layer that receives images
• Combining form is retin/o
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Structures of the Eye
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Eye Chambers
• The eye is divided
into parts:
– Anterior segment
contains aqueous
humor
• anterior chamber
• posterior chamber
– Vitreous chamber
contains vitreous
humor
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Medical Terms for the
Ocular System
• Additional terms for ocular system
tests, pathology, and procedures can
be found in the text
• Review the Flash! CD program to
make sure you understand these
terms
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Functions of the Ear
• The ear is the sensory organ that
enables hearing and helps to
maintain balance
• The combining forms for ear are
audit/o, aud/i, and ot/o
• The combining forms for sound or
hearing are acoust/o and acous/o
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Outer Ear Structures
• Pinna
– Catches sound
waves and transmits
sound waves
– Pinn/i is the
combining form
– Aur/i and aur/o also
mean external ear
• External auditory
canal
– Tube that transmits
sound from the
pinna to the
tympanic membrane
– Glands secrete
cerumen here
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Middle Ear Structures
• Tympanic membrane
– “Eardrum”
– Transmits sound
waves to the ossicles
– tympan/o and myring/o
both mean eardrum
• Auditory ossicles
– malleus, incus, and
stapes
• Eustachian tube
– Equalizes air and
middle ear pressure
• Oval window
• Round window
• Tympanic bulla
– osseous chamber that
houses the middle ear
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Inner Ear Structures
• Bony
labyrinth
– vestibule
• balance
and
equilibrium
– semicircular
canals
• regulate
equilibrium
– cochlea
• organ of
hearing
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Medical Terms for the
Auditory System
• Additional terms for auditory system
tests, pathology, and procedures can
be found in the text
• Review the Flash! CD program to
make sure you understand these
terms
Copyright © 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning