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Chapter 1
Introduction to Human
Diseases
Disease, Disorder, and Syndrome

Key Terms
 Disease - abnormal symptoms
 Homeostasis - state of normalcy
 Disorder - abnormality of function
 Syndrome - symptoms caused by a specific
disease
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Pathology
Pathology - study of disease
 Pathologist - one who studies disease
 Pathogens - microorganisms or agents
that cause disease
 Pathologic - caused by disease process

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Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis - description of how a
particular disease progresses
 Pathogenesis:

 Acute: short term with sudden onset
 Chronic: long term or slow healing process
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Etiology
Cause of disease
 Idiopathic - cause is unknown
 Iatrogenic - problem related to treatment
 Nosocomial - disease acquired from
hospital environment

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Predisposing Factors
Age
 Sex
 Environment
 Lifestyle
 Heredity

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Diagnosis
Diagnosis - identification or naming a
disease
 Diagnosis:

 Medical history
 Physical examination
 Diagnostic tests
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Diagnosis
Symptoms - problems a patient reports
 Signs - what physician sees or
measures
 Skills utilized by physician:

 Auscultation
 Palpation
 Percussion
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Prognosis
Prognosis - expected outcome
 Acute disease - sudden onset with short
duration
 Chronic - insidious and long lasting
 Remission - disappearance of
symptoms
 Exacerbation – flare-up of symptoms

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Prognosis
Complication - onset of second disease
or disorder
 Mortality - mortal or destined to die
 Fatal/lethal - deadly

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Treatment

Holistic Medicine
 Considers whole person rather than just
physical symptoms
 Interaction between spiritual, cognitive,
social, physical, and emotional
 Areas work interdependently
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Treatment

Treatment Interventions
 Medications
 Surgery
 Exercise
 Nutritional
 Physical therapy
 Education
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