Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Introduction to Nursing Nursing Today “Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.” Nursing as a professional discipline is concerned with human responses to actual and potential health problems. Current research in nursing is focused on human responses to acute and chronic health problems, health promotion, health maintenance, and nursing interventions. There are several levels of educational choices for nurses, including the Licensed Vocational Nurse (L.V.N.), the Bachelor’s of Science in Nursing (B.S.N.), and the Registered Nurse (R.N., often obtained through a bachelor’s degree). In addition, nurses can earn advanced degrees in their field, such as the Master’s of Science in Nursing (M.S.N.) and/or a doctoral degree in nursing. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) Program An associate's degree in nursing is a two-year degree that is obtained from a community college or vocational school. An associate's degree is the minimum requirement to become a Registered Nurse - however, be advised that many employers are requiring a bachelor's degree for many RN nursing roles. Bachelor's Degree in Nursing - Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN): • A bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) is required for many, but not all, nursing careers. A BSN, like most bachelor's degrees, a BSN is typically a fouryear degree from a university or college. Like most other nursing degrees, a bachelor of science in nursing combines classroom learning with hands-on training called "clinicals", which allow students to obtain first-hand experience working with patients in a clinical setting. A BSN should be obtained from an accredited nursing program. Master's of Science in Nursing (MSN) Degree: • You must have a bachelor's degree in nursing or related field in order to obtain your MSN, unless you opt for one of the combined bachelor's/master's programs. A master's degree in nursing is required to become an advanced practice nurse (APN or APRN). Advanced practice nurses have more clinical authority and autonomy, and typically earn more than "regular" registered nurses. Some master's nursing programs may have a special focus or "track" for certain medical specialties or types of nursing, such as a focus on forensic nursing or a clinical nurse specialist track. Doctorate Degrees in Nursing: • The highest degree one can earn in nursing is a doctorate level degree. You must first have a bachelor's and then a master's degree before completing the doctorate degree in nursing and becoming what some refer to as "Doctor Nurse".There are two types of doctorates in nursing a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) which focuses on the clinical aspects of nursing, and a Doctor of Nursing Science (DNSc, also a DSN or DNS). The latter is the more common choice for those who wish to be professors at nursing programs, or researchers. Types of Nursing Careers.. Clinical Study Observer (and Interviewer) Nurse Have you ever taken part in a clinical study for a new medication or healthcare procedure? Odds are the person looking after you is a specially trained clinical studies nurse. Educator Nurse Found in hospitals, post-secondary schools and travelling around to small communities, an educator nurse teaches new techniques and processes in healthcare to others. Geriatric and Retirement Nurse The aged need more healthcare, more often, than younger Canadians. Fortunately geriatric nurses are uniquely qualified to deal with medical and emotional challenges of our elders. Intensive Care Nurse For the seriously ill or injured, intensive care nurses can literally be life savers. They generally provide hands on care in hospitals. Some late night and weekend shift work may be required. . Mental Health, Psychiatric and Addictions Nurse According to the Canadian Mental Health Association, 20% of Canadians will personally experience a mental illness in their lifetime. More will have a drinking, gambling or drug addiction. Nurses who are trained in these matters provide support in clinics, hospitals and schools throughout the country Occupational Health Nurse You’ll meet these nurses when applying for a job and have to take a pre-placement medical. They also run workplace healthcare programs. And assist if you injure yourself at work and need immediate treatment. Nurse Midwife Thinking of having a home birth? You’d do well to have a nurse midwife on hand. They can help if the mom or new baby needs on the spot healthcare assistance. Nurse Practitioner Provides comprehensive assessment of patients including diagnosing diseases, disorders and conditions. Initiates treatment including healthcare management, therapeutic interventions and prescribes medications. Oncology (Cancer) Nurse Whether you are getting diagnosed or treated for cancer care, oncology nurses are with you every step of the way. They help you look after your health while managing the condition. Palliative Care Nurse For people who need healthcare in their final stages of living, a palliative care nurse can be a blessing. They ensure that their patients endure less suffering, and maintain quality of life, as the end nears. Hospital Based Nursing • Acute care is where largest group of nurses practice • Different Staffing Patterns • Skill Mix Changing • Increase in skilled nursing facilities due to aging population and increase in chronic disease Community Based Nursing • Focus on health promotion, maintenance, education • Community Health Centers, Clinics • School Nursing • Occupational Health • Home Health • Physicians Office • Managed Care Organizations • Forensics Nursing Roles and Function of a Nurse • • • • • • • • Caregiver Clinical Decision Maker Client Advocate Rehabilitator Comforter Communicator Collaborator Teacher Caregiver The caregiver role has traditionally included those activities that assist the client physically and psychologically while preserving the client’s dignity. Caregiving encompasses the physical, psychosocial, developmental, cultural and spiritual levels. Communicator Communication is an integral to all nursing roles. Nurses communicate with the client, support persons, other health professionals, and people in the community. In the role of communicator, nurses identify client problems and then communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health team. The quality of a nurse’s communication is an important factor in nursing care. Teacher As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health. The nurse assesses the client’s learning needs and readiness to learn, sets specific learning goals in conjunction with the client, enacts teaching strategies and measures learning. Client advocate Client advocate acts to protect the client. In this role the nurse may represent the client’s needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client’s wishes for information to the physician. They also assist clients in exercising their rights and help them speak up for themselves. Counselor Counseling is a process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychologic or social problems, to developed improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote personal growth. It involves providing emotional, intellectual, and psychologic support. Change agent The nurse acts as a change agent when assisting others, that is, clients, to make modifications in their own behavior. Nurses also often act to make changes in a system such as clinical care, if it is not helping a client return to health. Leader A leader influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal. The leader role can be employed at different levels; individual client, family, groups of clients, colleagues, or the community. Effective leadership is a learned process requiring an understanding of the needs and goals that motivate people, the knowledge to apply the leadership skills, and the interpersonal skills to influence others. Leader A leader influences others to work together to accomplish a specific goal. The leader role can be employed at different levels; individual client, family, groups of clients, colleagues, or the community. Effective leadership is a learned process requiring an understanding of the needs and goals that motivate people, the knowledge to apply the leadership skills, and the interpersonal skills to influence others. Manager The nurse manages the nursing care of individuals, families, and communities. The nurse-manager also delegates nursing activities to ancillary workers and other nurses, and supervises and evaluates their performance. Case manager Nurse case managers work with the multidisciplinary health care team to measure the effectiveness of the case management plan and to monitor outcomes. Research consumer – nurses often use research to improve client care. In a clinical area nurses need to: Have some awareness of the process and language of research Be sensitive to issues related to protecting the rights of human subjects Participate in identification of significant researchable problems Be a discriminating consumer of research findings Expanded role of the nurse Clinical Specialists Is a nurse who has completed a master’s degree in specialty and has considerable clinical expertise in that specialty. She provides expert care to individuals, participates in educating health care professionals and ancillary, acts as a clinical consultant and participates in research. Nurse Practitioner Is a nurse who has completed either as certificate program or a master’s degree in a specialty and is also certified by the appropriate specialty organization. She is skilled at making nursing assessments, performing P. E., counseling, teaching and treating minor and self- limiting illness. Nurse-midwife A nurse who has completed a program in midwifery; provides prenatal and postnatal care and delivers babies to woman with uncomplicated pregnancies. Nurse anesthetist A nurse who completed the course of study in an anesthesia school and carries out pre-operative status of clients. Nurse Educator A nurse usually with advanced degree, who beaches in clinical or educational settings, teaches theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and conduct researc Nurse Entrepreneur A nurse who has an advanced degree, and manages healthrelated business. Nurse administrator A nurse who functions at various levels of management in health settings; responsible for the management and administration of resources and personnel involved in giving patient care. Healthcare Team Members • • • • • • • • • • • Nurses Physicians Physician Assistant Therapists and Technicians Pharmacist Nutritionist/Dietitian Case Manager/Social Worker Pastoral Care Nursing Assistant Unit Secretary Ancillary Staff Professional Nursing Organizations Created to deal with issues of concern within profession • American Nurses Association • National League of Nursing • State Nurses Association • National Student Nurse Association • Organizations specific to specialty Nursing Theory and Process Nursing practice is the actual provision of nursing care. To achieve this, nurses implement the nursing care plan using the nursing process. This is based upon a specific nursing theory that is selected based on the care setting and population served. According to the American Nurses Association, the nursing process determines how a nurse approaches each patient encounter, and includes five steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. The nursing process is the common thread uniting different types of nurses who work in varied areas, and is the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver holistic, patientfocused care.