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Welcome to Pharmacology
MA 235
Instructor: Ryan LambertBellacov
Overview of the course
Ancient Origins
• Pharmacy comes from the Greek word,
• meaning drug
• Scientific approach to medicine began with the
ancient Greeks
• Hippocrate Oath
• Proposed that disease came from natural, not
supernatural causes
• Established the theory of humors
(blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile)
Ancient Medicine
Ancient Egyptian Medicine -was highly advanced for
the time (mummification)
Ancient Chinese Medicine - Zhang Liang invented an
instrument named "Meng" which is considered to be
precursor of modern stethoscope.
Ancient India Medicine- Indian snake root (Jones)
Ancient Greek Medicine- Hemlock and the dealth
of Socrates
Ancient Origins
Galen
• Conducted animal experiments
• Produced a systematic classification of drugs for
treatment of disease
• Galenical pharmacy described the process of
creating extracts of active medicinals from plants
• First century A.D.
• De Materia Medica (standard text on drugs for 1500
years)
Ancient Origins
Dr. John Morgan
• Eighteenth Century
• Supported the separation of the professions of
pharmacy and medicine
Chapter 1
Consumer Safety and
Drug Regulations
Knowledge of Pharmacology
• Can have an impact on others
• Answer questions as they arise
• Patient may feel more comfortable
asking a pharmacist
• Dispel fallacies
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Fallacies
• Only nurses can give medications
• Only physicians may write
prescriptions
• Prescriptions are required only
for narcotics
• Drugs produced in the United States
are made in federally approved
laboratories
Edited by Dr. Ryan Lambert-Bellacov.
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Drug Laws
• 1906 - Pure Food and Drug Act
• 1938 - Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act and Amendments
of 1951 and 1965
• 1970 Controlled Substances Act
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Brief History of Statutory
Pharmacy Law
• In nineteenth century drugs in the United
States were unregulated
– medicines did not require proof that they were
either safe or effective
• Traveling medicine shows proclaimed
“miracle cures”
– no regulations on labeling
– no research to support claims
Need for Drug Control
• Before 1951, U.S. federal law made no
distinction between drugs that can and cannot
be purchased without a prescription from a
physician.
• In some countries any drug can still be
dispensed or sold without legal restriction.
Controlled Substances
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•
•
•
Schedule I
Schedule II
Schedule III
Schedule IV
Schedule V
May vary between states
– Know state laws
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Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and Control Act of
1970
Schedu
le
Medical Use
Examples
I
For research only
Heroin, LSD
II
Dispensing severely
restricted
Prescriptions can be
refilled up to 5 times in 6
months
Same as for Schedule III
Morphine,
oxycodone
Codeine with aspirin,
anabolic steroids
III
IV
V
Some sold w/o a
prescription; must be 18
Benzodiazepines,
meprobamate
Liquid codeine
combination preps.
Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)
• Inspects food, drug, and cosmetic
manufacturing facilities
• Reviews drug applications and food
additive petitions
• Investigates and prohibits unsafe drugs
• Assures proper labeling
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Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA)
• For controlled substances only
• Enforces laws against illegal drug
manufacturing and activities
• Identifies need for changing the
schedules of abused drugs
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Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994
• The FDA does not
regulate diet supplements
– because diet supplements
are sold with
nonprescription products,
many consumers are
unaware of this subtle
difference in regulation
Health Care Worker Role
•
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Keep accurate records
Maintain adequate supply of drugs
Phone in prescriptions
Secure prescription forms for providers
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Health Care Worker Role
• Keep a current drug reference book
• Keep controlled substances locked
– Usually double-locked
• Conceal prescription pads to prevent
theft
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Guidelines
• Keep records of each controlled
substance dispensed, received, or
destroyed
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Guidelines
• Keep current with FDA and DEA
regulations
• Establish working rapport with a
pharmacist
• Maintain professional rapport with
pharmaceutical representatives
Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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