Download The Blood System - Northwest ISD Moodle

The Blood System
Arteries
Veins
1
Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to
•Name the parts of the blood system and discuss
the function of each part
•Define combining forms used in building words
that relate to the blood system
•Identify the meaning of related abbreviations
•Name the common diagnoses, clinical
procedures, and laboratory tests used in treating
the blood system
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Objectives Part 2
•List and define the major pathological conditions
of the blood system
•Explain the meaning of surgical terms related to
the blood system
•Recognize common pharmacological agents used
in treating the blood system
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Blood
Structure and Function
•complex mixture of cells,
______, proteins and sugars
•transports nutrients,
_______, and hormones to
all parts of the body
•helps regulate _____
temperature
•helps maintain
stability of the
body’s fluid ______
•transports ______
products away from
body cells
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Blood Composition
Without blood,
human life is
impossible
Blood Composition
Fluid Portion
Cellular Portion
-_________ consisting of:
-Blood cells consisting
•water
of:
•proteins
•____ blood cells
•________
•_____ blood cells
•nutrients
•platelets
•vitamins NOTE: If some proteins and blood cells
•___________ were removed from plasma the
remaining fluid would be called serum.
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Plasma
Plasma Proteins
Clear liquid made up of __% water and 8%
organic and inorganic biochemicals.
globulin
albumin
Plasma Proteins
fibrinogen
_____________
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Red Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
•Also known as ________cytes
•Produced in the bone marrow in
response to ______poietin
•Mature red blood cells have no nucleus
and appear biconcave
•______globin is a protein in red blood
cells that is essential to the transport of
oxygen
•Red blood cells live about ____ days
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Red Blood Cells Part 2
Red Blood Cell
Hemoglobin
heme
globin
Red Blood Cell Count
Average red blood cells in a cubic
millimeter of blood
Male = ___ to 6.4
Female = 4.2 to ____
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Leukocytes
Leukocytes
•Also known as ______ blood cells
•Function to destroy foreign substances
•Two main groups are granulocytes and
agranulocytes (a= without)
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
_______phils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
______phils
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Red blood cells
Platelets
•Also known as
________cytes.
•Live for about
10 days
•Assist in blood
___________
Platelets
Platelets
Damaged
Platelets begin to
adhere to tissue edges
and to each other as
blood escapes.
They form a soft
platelet plug.
Other clotting factors
make this a stable
plug or clot.
Tissue mends and antithrombin, and other
agents break down the
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clot.
Blood Types
Blood Types
•Four human blood types or
groups exist
•Individuals needing a
blood transfusion must be
_________typed.
•Blood typing is based on
the presence of antigens
and antibodies.
Blood Types
A, B, AB, O
People with type O blood can donate to all other
types and are called universal ________. Individuals
with type AB are called universal __________.
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Individuals receiving incompatible blood during a
Rh Factor
Rh
Factor
transfusion will have agglutination or clumping
of the blood which can be fatal.
In addition to the blood type, there is a positive or
negative element found in the blood.
•Rh positive blood contains an antigen first
identified in the ________ monkeys.
•Rh negative blood does not contain the antigen.
The Rh factor is very important during ________
because a mother that is Rh negative carrying a
Rh positive fetus will develop _________ to fight Rh
positive blood cells with future pregnancies.
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Rh Antibodies
First Pregnancy
Rh negative
mom with Rh
positive fetus
Antibodies develop
Second Pregnancy
Another Rh
positive fetus
If this mother did not
receive _________ after
her first delivery, this
baby’s blood cells will
be attacked
(erythroblastosis
fetalis) which could be
fatal for the baby. 13
Combining Forms (agglutin)
Meaning
Combining Form
agglutin (o)
agglutinin
eosino
___________
erythr (o)
red
hemat (o)
________
leuk (o)
white
phag (o)
eating, devouring
thromb (o)
blood ______
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Combining Forms
(APTT)
Meaning
Abbreviation
APTT
activated partial thromboplastin time
baso
__________
BCP
biochemistry panel
BMT
bone _________ transplant
CBC
complete blood count
diff
differential ______ count
eos
eosinophils
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Meaning
Combining Forms
(ESR)
Abbreviation
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
G-CSF
________cyte colony-stimulating
factor
GM-CSF
granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor
HCT
________crit
HGB
hemoglobin
MCH
mean corpuscular _____globin
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Meaning
Combining Forms
(MCV)
Abbreviation
MCV
mean corpuscular volume
mono
Mono____
PCV
packed cell volume
PLT
________ count
PMN
polymorphonuclear neutrophil
PT
Pro________ time
PTT
partial thromboplastin time
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Combining Forms
(RBC)
Meaning
Abbreviation
RBC
_____ blood cell count
SR
sedimentation rate
seg
segmented mature white blood cells
WBC
_____ blood cell count
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Diagnostic, Procedural &
Laboratory Terms
The withdrawal of blood
for examination, known
as venipuncture or
_____otomy, is used very
frequently as a
diagnostic tool.
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Common
Blood
Analyses
Common Blood Analyses
•________blood count
-common screen for
basic medical
checkup
-measures rate at
which red blood
cells fall through
plasma
•blood indices
-measures size,
volume and
content of red
blood cells
•_________cyte
sedimentation rate
•hematocrit
•_____________
test
-tests for
antibodies on
red blood cells
-measures packed
red blood cells in a
sample
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Common
Blood
Analyses
Part
2
Common Blood Analyses
•blood chemistry
•blood culture
-tests a blood
specimen in a
culture to identify
the presence of
_______organisms
-tests plasma for
various
substances such
as glucose and
electrolytes
•______ blood cell
differential
-tests number
and types of
leukocytes
•prothrombin time
•hemoglobin
-measures level of
hemoglobin in the
blood
-tests for ____________
defects
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Anemia
Dyscrasia is a general term for any disease of the
blood with abnormal material present.
•___________
•General term for a
condition in which
red blood cells do not
transport enough
oxygen to the tissues
•Causes may be
related to a low
number of cells or
due to a low amount
of hemoglobin
Common Types of Anemia
•____-deficiency anemia
•aplastic anemia
•pernicious anemia
•_______ cell anemia
•hemolytic anemia
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•posthemorrhagic anemia
Hemophilia
Disorders Related to Excessive Bleeding
Hemophilia
•Hereditary
disorder in which
there is a lack of
the ________ factor
VIII
•Treated with
medications and
blood transfusions
Thrombocytopenia
•Bleeding disorder with
a _____ of platelets
•Occurs in the condition
called _______ which is
the presence of multiple
tiny hemorrhages under
the skin
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Common Disorders
Disorders Related to Substances in the Blood
erythropenia
pancytopenia
•Low number
of ____ blood
cells
hemochromatosis
•Hereditary disorder
that causes
excessive ____ to
build up in the blood
Common
Disorders
•Low number
of ____ blood
cells
poikilocytosis
•Irregularly
shaped ___ blood
cells
reticulocytosis
•Abnormal
number of
immature red
blood cells
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Common Disorders Part
2
polycythemia
hemolysis
•Breakdown in
red blood cell
____________
Common
Disorders
cont’d
microcytosis
macrocytosis
•Abnormally
_____ red blood
cells
•Abnormal increase
in red blood cells
and hemoglobin
aniosocytosis
•Abnormally small
red blood cells
•Red blood cells
vary in size and
shape
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White Blood Cell Disorders
White Blood Cell Disorders
____________
Granulocytosis
•Neoplastic
disorder in which
there is an
excessive
increase in white
blood cells
•Abnormal increase of
granulocytes in the
bloodstream.
Commonly seen
during times of
infection
Multiple Myeloma
•Malignant tumor of the bone _________
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Surgical Terms
Common Procedures
Bone Marrow Biopsy
•_______ is inserted
into the bone
marrow cavity and
bone marrow is
removed for analysis
Bone Marrow Transplant
•Performed for serious
conditions such as
__________
•Donor bone marrow is
inserted into the
patient’s bone marrow
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Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants
Prevents blood from _________
Common Anticoagulants
Generic Name
•________
Trade Name
Coumadin®
•________
Calciparine®
•aspirin
Bayer®
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Coagulants
Coagulants
____ in the clotting of blood
Common Coagulants
Generic Name
Trade Name
•phytonadione
Mephyton®
•__________
Konakion®
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Hemostatics
Hemostatics
Stops blood _______ within the vessels
Common Hemostatics
Generic Name
Trade Name
•desmopressin
Concentraid®
•aminocaproic acid
___________®
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Thrombolytics
Thrombolytics
Dissolves blood clots
Common Thrombolytics
Generic Name
•alteplase
Trade Name
__________®
•anistreplase
Eminase®
•streptokinase
___________®
•urokinase
Abbokinase
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