Download CPR and First Aid ppt

RULE NUMBER 1:
DON’T PANIC!
RULE NUMBER 2:
CALL 911!
RULE NUMBER 3:
DO NOT TOUCH
BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS
UNLESS PROTECTED!
RULE NUMBER 4:
REMEMBER RULE
NUMBER 1!
Should You Drive or Call
Ambulance?
Ask these questions:
Does the persons condition appear to be life
threatening?
Could their condition worsen?
Could moving the person cause more injury?
Questions cont-
Does the person need the attention or equipment that first
responders provide?
Would traffic conditions cause a delay in getting to the
hospital?
Why people fail to get involved
1. Afraid of law suits
2. Afraid of doing something
wrong
3. Afraid of cooties
A
LAYPERSON HAS NO LEGAL DUTY TO
HELP A VICTIM.
 IF YOU
DECIDE TO OFFER HELP, YOU ARE
COVERED UNDER THE GOOD
SAMARITAN LAW, WHICH WILL
GENERALLY PROTECT YOU FROM
LIABILITY, AS LONG AS YOU:
 ACT
IN GOOD FAITH.
 ARE NOT RECKLESS OR NEGLIGENT.
 ACT AS A PRUDENT PERSON WOULD.
 DO NOT EXCEED YOUR SCOPE OF
TRAINING.
 LATEX
GLOVES. (P.P.E.).
 BANDAGES / DRESSINGS.
 FACE SHIELD/POCKET MASK.
 ICE PACKS.
 SCISSORS / TWEEZERS.
 ANTISEPTIC.
 TAPE.
 BLEEDING
CONTROL.
 SEIZURES.
 DIABETES.
 FALLS
/ FRACTURES.
 SYNCOPE / FAINTING.
 ALLERGIC REACTIONS.
 BURNS.
 CPR / AED
 Blood Borne Pathogens
Diabetes
Breathing difficulties
Fainting
Seizures
Heart Attacks
Strokes
Allergic Reactions
Shock
*Sprains / Strains
*Lacerations
*Fractures
*Amputations
*Shock
*Burns
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
RECOGNIZE AN ILL OR INJURED
PERSON.
ASSESS THE SCENE FOR SAFETY.
DON’T PANIC!
ASSESS THE VICTIM.
ALERT EMS!
6)ATTEND TO THE VICTIM:
CHECK ABC’S.
EXAMINE THE PATIENT.
CHECK FOR BLEEDING.
TREAT THE VICTIM.
ASK BYSTANDERS.
7) REMAIN WITH THE VICTIM.
 ARE YOU TAKING
ANY MEDS?
 DO YOU HAVE ANY ALLERGIES?
 DO YOU HAVE ANY MEDICAL PROBLEMS?
 WHAT HURTS?
 MEDIC ALERTS!
29 CFR
1910.1030
Originally issued December 6, 1991.
Places responsibility for protection of
personnel on to the employer:
Mandatory in-service training.
Work practice controls/engineering
controls.
Incident reporting/treatment
protocols.
Hepatitis B vaccinations.
Disease Producing
Organisms
Virus
Generally only live inside the cells of
another organism
Bacteria
Capable of living outside the cells of
another organism
Parasite
Live within a host and feed upon it
Fungus
Generally live on the outside of a host
Infectious disease
Caused by micro-organisms
Not transmissible from person to
person
Communicable disease
Caused by micro-organisms
May be transmitted from person to
person
Direct Transmission
Contact with the blood or body fluids
directly from another person
Indirect Transmission
Contact with blood or body fluids or
micro-organisms on an object
Modes Of
Transmission
Food borne
Ingested by eating or
drinking
Air borne
Droplets inhaled
Blood borne
Piercing of the skin
barrier
Contamination of
mucous membranes
Mucous
Membranes
Eyes
Nose
Mouth
Vagina
Anus
AIDS – The
Process
HIV enters body and attaches to the T-cells.
HIV reprograms T-cells to produce more HIV.
T-cells produce HIV until they burst and spread more
HIV.
New HIV seeks out more T-cells.
AIDS Stages
HIV Primary Infection (Asymptomatic)
From infection to symptoms – up to 10
years
HIV (Symptomatic)
From symptoms to specific T-cell
count (200 cells per micro-liter)
AIDS
From specific T-cell count (200 cells
per micro-liter) till death
AIDS Transmission
NOT transmitted by:
Sitting next to an infected person
Shaking hands with an infected
person
Eating in public areas
Using public restrooms
mosquitoes
IS transmitted by:
Sexual contact
Sharing of needles and syringes with
infected person
Blood transfusion
Exposure to blood or body fluid of
infected person
AIDS –
Cure?
 No
known cure at this
time
 Treatments
• Anti-viral drugs
• Immune system booster
drugs
• Surgery
• Radiation
• Other drug treatment
 Early
diagnosis and
treatment are the keys
to survival
Hepatiti
s
Inflammation of the liver
Chronic
Acute
Leads to cell damage resulting in cirrhosis
or cancer
Hepatitis Strains
HAV
Fecal/oral
Acute
HBV
Blood, semen, vaginal fluids
Chronic
Interferon effective in 35-45% of cases
Hepatitis Strains
HCV
Blood
Chronic
Interferon is effective in 10-20% of
cases
Hepatitis –
Strains
HDV
Blood, semen,vaginal fluids
Chronic
Only infects persons with HBV
HEV
Fecal/oral
Acute
Hepatitis Vaccines
Hepatitis A
Only recommended for persons in the
risk groups who are leaving the
United States
Hepatitis B
Offered free to all department
personnel
Series of three shots
Extremely effective, even postexposure
Hepatitis – Signs and
Symptoms
Light stools
Dark urine
fatigue
Fever
Jaundice
Meningit
is
There is a viral strain
Highly contagious
Signs/Symptoms
Fever
Severe headache
Stiff neck
Sore throat
Children with undiagnosed fever may be
meningitis
Hazards in the
Workplace
Cleanliness in station
Patient care equipment in station living
area
Co-workers
Body fluids on scenes
Sharp objects on scenes
Exposure Control
Plan
Identifies which personnel are at risk
Provides procedures for investigation of exposures
Provides engineering and work practice controls
Mandates Hepatitis B vaccinations and record keeping
Outlines post-exposure procedures and record keeping
Exposure Control Plan
Contains
Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves
Eye protection
Respiratory protection
Sharps containers
Sharps shuttles
Sharps boxes
Pocket masks
Exposure Control
Plan
Scene Operations
Scene control
Wash hands
No eating, drinking, smoking, etc
No recapping of needles
CPR
Respiratory protection
Medical information
Exposure Control
Plan
Post Response
Location for cleaning of equipment
Disinfection with bleach
No eating, drinking, smoking, etc
Durable equipment
Delicate equipment
Exposure Control
Plan
Post Exposure
Report Any
Needle sticks
Break in skin
Splash into mucous membranes
Mouth-to-mouth
Other exposure
To your Immediate Supervisor
REMEBER
Washing hands and utilizing proper Personal Protective equipment
is the best method.
If it is not your body fluid, then do not touch it.
If exposed wash as soon as possible and use hand cleaner.
Skin is largest organ and natural protector keep in tack.
 DIABETES
IS CAUSED BY THE BODY’S
INABILITY TO PROPERLY PROCESS
SUGAR. THIS IS CAUSED BY A
DEFICIENCY IN INSULIN PRODUCTION.
 SOME
DIABETICS TAKE INSULIN SHOTS.
THIS ALLOWS THE BODY TO PROCESS
SUGAR INTO THE CELLS.
 ANOTHER TYPE
OF DIABETES IS
CONTROLLED BY DIET AND / OR ORAL
MEDICATIONS.
 SOMETIMES
A DIABETIC MAY NOT EAT
ENOUGH AFTER TAKING THEIR INSULIN. THIS
CAUSES THE SUGAR LEVEL TO DROP.
(HYPOGLYCEMIA) Most Common
 SINCE THE
BRAIN RUNS ON SUGAR, A LOW
SUGAR LEVEL WILL CAUSE CONFUSION, OR
UNCONSCIOUSNESS.
 SIGNS
& SYMPTOMS INCLUDE:
 CONFUSION,DIZZINESS, DROWSINESS.
 FEELING
OR LOOKING ILL.
 ABNORMAL
 PROFUSE
PULSE (RAPID/WEAK).
SWEATING.
 LOOK
FOR A MEDIC ALERT TAG!
 IF THE
PERSON IS CONSCIOUS , GIVE
THEM FLUIDS CONTAINING SUGAR.
 WATCH THE
PERSON CAREFULLY, THEY
MAY LOSE CONSCIOUSNESS OR COME
COMBATIVE.
IF THE
PERSON IS UNCONSCIOUS:
CALL 911, AND ENSURE THAT THE
PATIENT HAS AN OPEN AIRWAY.
MONITOR THE PATIENT.
 CAUSED
BY A TEMPORARY REDUCTION OF
BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN.
 MANY
PATIENTS FALL, CAUSING INJURY.
 SOME
CAUSES OF SYNCOPE:
 STRESSFUL
EVENT (SIGHT OF BLOOD).
 PAIN.
 HEART
DISEASE.
 SUDDEN
 SOME
STANDING.
CAUSES MAY BE SERIOUS!
 SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
 PALE
INCLUDE:
SKIN.
 NAUSEA.
 DIZZINESS.
 SWEATING.
 VISION
DISTURBANCE.
TREATMENT:
NORMALLY SELF-CORRECTING IN A
SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.
IF THE PATIENT FALLS, KEEP PATIENT STILL
TO INSURE NO FURTHER INJURY.
RAISE FEET APPROX. 12” OFF FLOOR
 SYNCOPE
CAN BE A SIGN OF A MORE
SERIOUS MEDICAL CONDITION. ANYONE
THAT FAINTS SHOULD CONTACT THEIR
PHYSICIAN OR BE EVALUATED AT A
HOSPITAL.
 MANY
CAUSES, SOME VERY SERIOUS OR
LIFE THREATENING.
 SYMPTOMS
INCLUDE: HIVES, SWELLING,
SHORTNESS OF BREATH, DECREASED
B/P, REDNESS, HOARSENESS.
COMMON
INSTIGATORS:
BEES
SHELLFISH
MEDICINES
PLANTS
CALL
911!
KEEP
PATIENT CALM.
BENADRYL
EPI-PEN.
MAY BE GIVEN.
A
DISRUPTION OF THE ELECTRICAL
ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN.
 THIS
DISRUPTION CAN CAUSE LOSS OF
BODY CONTROL, KNOWN AS A SEIZURE.
 EPILEPSY: CHRONIC
CONDITION THAT
CAUSES SEIZURES, CONTROLLED BY
MEDICATION.
 FEVER: CAUSED BY FEVERS >102 DEGREES,
USUALLY OCCUR IN CHILDREN < 5 YEARS
OLD.
 PREGNANCY: THESE CAN BE VERY
SERIOUS, EVEN LIFE THREATENING!
 HEAD
INJURY: FROM FALLS, MVA’S, ETC.
MAY NOT OCCUR UNTIL DAYS AFTER THE
EVENT.
 MENINGITIS: INFECTION.
 BRAIN TUMORS.
 “JERKING
MOTIONS”; MAY INVOLVE
ENTIRE BODY OR JUST A PART OF THE
BODY.
 CONFUSION AFTER THE EVENT.
 DROWSINESS.
 INCONTINENCE.
 EYES ROLLING BACK.
 REMAIN
 CALL
CALM!
911.
 CLEAR
AREA FROM AROUND THE
PATIENT, TO PREVENT INJURY.
 PROTECT
FLOOR.
PATIENTS’ HEAD FROM THE
 DO
NOT PLACE ANYTHING IN THE
PATIENT’S MOUTH!
 THE
PATIENT MAY BE VIOLENT! THIS
CANNOT BE HELPED, BE CAREFUL!
 WHEN THE
SEIZURE STOPS, POSITION
THE PATIENT ON THEIR SIDE.
REMEMBER!
MANY INDIVIDUALS THAT
HAVE SEIZURES FALL AND INJURE
THEMSELVES.
TRY NOT TO MOVE THE
PERSON ANYMORE THAN
NECESSARY.
• Causes
Asthma
Emphysema
COPD
Bronchitis
Hyperventilation
 Most
individuals that have chronic
breathing problems carry an inhaler or
other prescribed medications.
 Most
are metered doses and only work
after 1 or 2 sprays.
 Place
 Do
not agitate / argue.
 Give
 If
patient in position of comfort.
oxygen if allowed and possible.
unconscious check ABC, Start CPR
Also known as MI’s, (Myocardial Infarctions)
MEN:
chest pain
sweating
shortness of breath
pain in arms, jaw, neck, back
WOMEN:
indigestion
unusual fatigue
weakness
possibly chest / back pain
shortness of breath
CARE
CALL 911, DO NOT HESITATE!
PLACE PT. IN POSITION OF COMFORT.
OBTAIN HISTORY (ASPIRIN)?
GIVE OXYGEN IF AVAILAE AND QUALIFIED.
BE PREPARED FOR CPR / AED.
Stroke: Any vascular injury to the brain
Also known as “cerebrovascular accident” (CVA)
80% are ischemic (blockage)
20% are hemorrhagic (bleeding)
(ruptured aneurysm, trauma
750,000 strokes per year in the
United States
4,000,000 stroke survivors in the
US
#1 cause of disability
#3 cause of death (#2 World)
Major Risk
Factors
Risk Factor
Prevalence
HTN
35%
Heart Disease 10 – 20 %
Previous CVA 2%
Carotid Bruit 4%
Diabetes
Smoking
4-6%
25%
Bleeding into the subarachnoid space
Commonly results from aneurysmal
rupture
Rapid onset of symptoms
Results in severe sudden headache due to
marked increase in pressure around the
brain
Weakness
Unable to walk
Unable to talk
Dizzy
Numbness
Found down
Confused
ANY OF THESE COMPLAINTS COULD BE A
STROKE!
PLACE PT. IN POSITON OF COMFORT.
CALL 911
BE PREPARED DO CONDUCT CPR
CONDUCT STROKE ASSESMENT
PTS. MAY BE CONFUSED,
A-B-C
SAMPLE HISTORY
VITALS
DURATION OF SYMPTOMS
MONITOR AIRWAY
O2 IF INDICATED
IMMOBILIZE ?
911!
ARTERIAL BLEED
(SPURTS)
CAPILLARY BLEED
VENOUS BLEED
(DRIPS)
(OOZES)
 PPE!
 DIRECT
PRESSURE.
 ELEVATION.
 PRESSURE BANDAGE.
 PRESSURE POINTS.
 TOURNIQUET.
 USING
A 4X4 DRESSING, PINCH BOTH
NOSTRILS AND LEAN PATIENT FORWARD.
 SOME NOSEBLEEDS CAN BE SEVERE, AND
SHOULD BE EVALUATED BY A PHYSICIAN.
 VARIOUS CAUSES.
 THE
PATIENT WILL BE VERY
DISORIENTED, CONFUSED, AND TIRED.
THIS IS NORMAL, AND USUALLY GOES
AWAY IN A SHORT TIME.
 SOME
BLEEDING MAY BE SEEN FROM
THE MOUTH.
 Approximately
8000 people die each year
from choking.
 Someone
choking needs immediate
attention or they will go unconscious and
need CPR.
 Ask
can you speak?
 If
so encourage to cough and prepare to
give abdominal thrust (Heimlich
Maneuver).
 Stand
behind patient, place hands just
above belly button and give 5 quick
thrusts inward and upward.
After 5 thrusts an object has not expelled
continue until object is freed or pt. goes
Unconscious.
When pt goes unconscious
Lower to the floor an start cycles
Of CPR. Looking in the
Airway after compressions
Make sure 911 has been called
 CLASSIFIED
 1ST
AS:
DEGREE / SUPERFICIAL. (SUNBURN)
 2ND
DEGREE / PARTIAL THICKNESS
(BLISTERS, VERY PAINFUL.)
 3RD
DEGREE / FULL THICKNESS (SKIN
DESTROYED, MAY BE PAINLESS!)
 ENSURE
SCENE SAFETY!
 REMOVE
 DO
PATIENT FROM SOURCE!
NOT BECOME A VICTIM YOURSELF!
 CALL
911!
 CHEMICAL
BURNS: FLUSH THOROUGHLY
WITH WATER, AWAY FROM THE PATIENT.
 IF EYES INVOLVED, FLUSH WITH COPIOUS
AMOUNTS OF WATER.
 FOR THERMAL BURNS, COOL AREA WITH
WATER AND WET CLOTHS.
 SIGNS
AND SYMPTOMS:
 DEFORMITY.
 SWELLING
/ DISCOLORATION.
 PAIN.
 INABILITY
 BONE
TO MOVE INJURED AREA.
EXPOSED.
TREATMENT:
IMMOBILIZE AREA TO STOP MOVEMENT.
ELEVATE THE
ICE
EXTREMITY.
PACKS.
WATCH
FOR SHOCK.
2005 American Heart Association
Guidelines:
A cycle of CPR is
Infant…………0-1yr. 2 minutes or 5
Child………….1-8 yrs
cycles of 30:2
Adult………….8yrs >
Compression Rates / Ratios:
Compressions 100 per minute at a
ratio of 30:2 infants, children, and
adults.
Compression depths; 1/3 to 1/2 the
chest thickness for infant, 1” to 1 ½
for a child, and 1 ½ to 2” for an adult
depending on size of patient.
Determine unresponsiveness, if infant and child perform 2 minutes of
CPR prior to calling 911 if alone.
Adult; determine level of responsiveness, call 911, then start the cycles
of CPR if needed or place in recovery position, and wait for emergency
crews.
Get AED if available.
If AED available and patient was
witnessed going into cardiac arrest
place AED on patient immediately,
if unwitnessed arrest, conduct 2
minutes or 5 cycles of CPR prior to
placement of AED.
Do not place pads on a conscious patient only having chest pains.
If in cardiac arrest; open unit, place pads in designated location, turn on unit,
and follow prompts, if no shock continue CPR for appropriate time, AED will
count down, reanalyze and indicate shock or no shock, continue CPR.
If AED indicates shock,
clear patient and press shock button.
??QUESTIONS??