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Health Recommender System Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xin Endnote One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. IRB Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com Research Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. Web Based Health Recommender System “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine Extraction while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. } Recommender Systems Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Goals -Become familiar with research methods -Understand research process -Gain experience in conducting research -Learn to distinguish credibility of sources -Explore the Health Informatics field -Understand state of the art recommender systems -Apply knowledge from research to real world data set POSTER TEMPLATE BY: www.PosterPresentations.com Health Recommender System Endnote Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xin Endnote One of the most valuable learning experiences of our Research Web Based Health Recommender System research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further Recommender Systems development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. IRB Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; } Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss Data Set research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Extraction Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Health Recommender System IRB Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve dataXin such as patient information at some Mentors: sensitive Kelly Caine & Fuxiao point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent Endnote Research Web Based Health Recommender System Extraction ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Is it research?IRB If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: Recommender Systems -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Does it involve human subjects? One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions } Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not Does my research involve the FDA? Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Health Recommender System Research Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Our approach to this research project was highly individual, Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xinwith a major group component at the end to develop our final product. Endnote One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Research Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. Web Based Health Recommender System “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” Extraction while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this IRB process. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; } Recommender Systems Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Health Recommender Recommender SystemsSystem Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase examine. Mentors: Kelly or Caine & Fuxiao Xin The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to Endnote Research Web Based Health Recommender System Extraction make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, IRB demographic profiles and user opinions Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. } Recommender Systems Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Recommender System WebHealth Based Health Recommender System Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xin “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical Endnote Research recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. 1.A database of rules 2.A database of facts IRB engine 3.An inference Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. Web Based Health Recommender System “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire K-nearest Neighbor system on a single machine } Recommender Systems There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended Extraction Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Research Conclusions -Recommender systems have been successful in consumer platforms such as Amazon, Netflix, and Facebook -Recommender systems have been used in the Health field -Use has been limited by confidentiality and reliance on a single system over human medicine -State of the art involves the “tagging” technique and the use of an algorithm such as “k-nearest neighbor” POSTER TEMPLATE BY: www.PosterPresentations.com Health Recommender System Data Set Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xin Endnote Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Research Web Based Health Competition Recommender System -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with Recommender Systems demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each Data Set person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. IRB Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine Extraction while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; } Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: my %data = {}; while(<FL3>) { Health Recommender System Extraction chomp; #specify the file name Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller my $file = 'S_person.tab' ; Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xin #this is parsing one line of the file my $file2 = 'S_DrugExp.tab'; #escaping paring the first line, which is the field name my $file3 = 'S_ConditionOCC.tab'; Endnote Research Web Based Health Recommender System Extraction ifOne(not /^\d/) { of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing #open file becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference major group component at the end to develop our final product. accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health next;software package, used to manage bibliographies and management care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free open(FL, $file) || die "Can not open the $file\n"; references when writing essays and articles. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics alternative…like a second opinion.” related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which open(FL2, $file2) || die "Can not open the $file2\n"; }Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. 1. A database of rules open(FL3, $file3) || die "Can not open the $file3\n"; paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we 2. A database of facts #split thetowards linefurther into eachin field, value of ateach field This into invaluable step development the future. and put thewanted to address our next meeting. allowed us to have multiple 3. An inference engine resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best an array sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. my = split(/\t/, $_); Endnote@line was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it $line[5]; easy to able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing my $Condition_Concept_ID = share information with each other. multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. IRB $personID = $line[2]; while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; } PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. www.PosterPresentations.com } Recommender Systems Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) Does it involve human subjects? GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular Does my activity involve deceased individuals? SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) need If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) Does my research involve the FDA? or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of and content-based recommender systems CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (sidecollaborative effect) Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Health Recommender System K-nearest Neighbor Undergraduates: Alex Rogers, Austin Buono, Kate Hawkins, & Tom Hortemiller Mentors: Kelly Caine & Fuxiao Xin Endnote After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through Research Web Based Health Recommender System some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. IRB Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine Extraction while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) name YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) if (not /^\d/) { GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) next; SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) } DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) #split the line into each field, and put the value of CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) each field into an array my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; } Recommender Systems Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: Possibilities for the Future •Access to a real data set could allow for further data extraction leading to more accurate predictions •More time would allow for more detailed programming to achieve a higher functioning recommender system •A higher functioning health recommender system could be helpful in the future of healthcare and the quality of care available to everyone POSTER TEMPLATE BY: www.PosterPresentations.com Endnote One of the most valuable learning experiences of our research was becoming familiar with Endnote. Endnote is a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles. Citing sources is one of the most valuable components of a research paper. Giving people insight to where the information originated is an invaluable step towards further development in the future. Endnote was an extremely useful tool in our collaboration throughout the project. We met several times to discuss research we had found individually, and having our sources neatly recorded made it easy to share information with each other. IRB Since we knew a project like ours would likely involve sensitive data such as patient information at some point in time, we decided to look into the institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee or ethical review board. An IRB is a committee set up to approve, monitor, and review any research that involves humans. They aim to maintain ethical treatment and protect the rights and welfare of all research subjects. In the United States, the FDA along with the Department of Health and Human Services empower IRBs to approve, require modifications in planned research prior to approval, or disapprove research. An IRB performs critical oversight functions for research conducted on human subjects that are scientific and ethical. Not all forms of research require IRB approval. Below is a checklist that we reviewed when determining whether or not we would need IRB approval: Is it research? If BOTH of the following are true, your activity involves research: -The activity is a systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation. -The activity is designed to develop or contribute to general knowledge. Does it involve human subjects? Does my activity involve deceased individuals? If it does, your activity requires submission to the IUPUI/Clarian IRB. Does my research involve the FDA? Is it a student project involving risk to human subjects? TEMPLATE DESIGN © 2008 www.PosterPresentations.com Research Our approach to this research project was highly individual, with a major group component at the end to develop our final product. In the beginning, we met as a group once per week to discuss topics related to our project that we had researched, and to determine which direction we wanted to go next. We would then separate for the week. During this time, we would do individual research over the ideas that we wanted to address at our next meeting. This allowed us to have multiple resources and results when we got together to collaborate with our research. We would then discuss what we considered to be the best sources of information to base our findings on, and then repeat this process. Web Based Health Recommender System “Our recommendation system was designed with the goal of providing accurate, low cost medical recommendations in countries where health care costs are prohibitively expensive, this system can provide a free alternative…like a second opinion.” 1. A database of rules 2. A database of facts 3. An inference engine Extraction while(<FL3>) { chomp; #this is parsing one line of the file #escaping paring the first line, which is the field name PERSON_ID (PRIMARY KEY) if (not /^\d/) { YEAR_OF_BIRTH (age) next; GENDER_COCEPT_ID (gender) } SOURCE_RACE_CODE (race) #split the line into each field, and put the value of DRUG_CONCEPT_ID (medication taken) each field into an array CONDITION_CONCEPT_ID (side effect) my @line = split(/\t/, $_); my $Condition_Concept_ID = $line[5]; $personID = $line[2]; We found this to be a very successful research method, and were then able to apply what we had found to our project as a group. Reviewing multiple resources gave us a base to build our ideas on, and allowed us to be more knowledgeable when approaching our final task. if (not exists $line[5]) { next; } $data{$personID}{'Side_Effects'}{ $Condition_Concept_ID}=1 ; All of this gave us a better understanding and respect for the importance of research. } Recommender Systems Provide advice to users about items they wish to purchase or examine. The recommendations made by the system can help users search through large amounts of information. Also, the system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended. A key part to a recommender system is the knowledge of the content that is in the system. The system needs to be able to make a connection between the user’s needs and the available items that are in the system to be recommended There are 4 different recommender techniques that are widely used: 1. The collaborative recommendation system has knowledge through collaborative opinion profiles, demographic profiles and user opinions 2. The content- based recommendation has the task of learning a specific classification rule for each user on the basis of the user’s rating information and the attributes of each item so that items can be classified as likely to be interesting or not 3. The knowledge based- recommender system has an emphasis on the user’s situation and how recommended items can meet that particular need 4. A hybrid recommender is one that uses recommendation components or logic of different types. For example, it may combine the methods of collaborative and content-based recommender systems Left Side-These rules create the fact database which supports the Inference Engine; tasked with providing recommendations based on the user’s input and the known facts. The fact database also contains the information required by the explanation system, which helps users understand their recommendation. Right Side-A model of the entire system on a single machine Carbonell, J., Siekmann, J., An, A., Stefanowski, J., Ramanna, S., Butz, C., et al. (2007). Web Based Health Recommender System Using Rough Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. (p. 491). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72530-5_59. Data Set Orwik 2009/2010 OMOP Cup: Methods Competition -current methods for detecting adverse drug events from observational data are undeveloped -helps to ensure the safety of prescription drugs -a major global public health challenge -there is a need for new data sources and new algorithms to respond to the challenge -Each challenge offers a Grand Prize S_person: contains a unique identifier for each person along with demographic data. S_ObsPeriod: contains the span of time for which data is captured in the database for a given patient. S_DrugExp: contains periods of drug usage for each person. S_ConditionOCC: contains records of conditions and when they were observed. K-nearest Neighbor After the extraction of the data, this information must be ran through some sort of algorithm to distinguish what medications would be right for a certain person. The algorithm that we chose was K Nearest Neighbor and is the State-of- the- art algorithm used in recommender systems. With this algorithm we are capable of finding similarities between patients and predicting the best medication for them. Using this algorithm also allowed use to create this type of vision with the data we extracted: