Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Diet-induced obesity model wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbohydrate diet wikipedia , lookup
Waist–hip ratio wikipedia , lookup
Chromium(III) picolinate wikipedia , lookup
Abdominal obesity wikipedia , lookup
Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease wikipedia , lookup
Thrifty gene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
An Epidemic “There is no such thing as ‘a little touch of sugar.’ Diabetes is serious -- whether you take insulin or not.” Type II Diabetes A Continuum Factors • Overeating, even of good food, but especially of refined carbohydrates (sugar) and fats • Possibly: some trace mineral deficiencies, especially chromium, magnesium, and vanadium • Insufficient exercise • Aging • Heredity Afflictions of Diabetics Life expectancy shortened by 5-10 years or more Contributes to 160,000 deaths a year 2-12 times greater risk for heart disease 2-4 times risk for stroke #1 cause of adult blindness Factor in half of all foot and leg amputations Over 50,000 diabetics on dialysis or have transplant yearly Cause of peripheral neuropathy Increased risk of breast and uterine cancers Revised Diagnostic Criteria for Type II Diabetes l Fasting plasma glucose of 126 or greater l 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose of 200 or greater. (Both should be repeated and confirmed.) Half the adults with diabetes are currently undiagnosed. 1. Testing for diabetes should be considered in all individuals at age 45 years and above, and, if normal, it should be repeated at three-year intervals. 2. Testing should be considered at a younger age or be carried out more frequently in individuals who: l are obese (120% ideal body weight) l have a first-degree relative with diabetes l are members of high-risk ethnic populations (e.g., AfricanAmerican, Hispanic, Native American) l have delivered a baby weighing >9 lb or have been diagnosed with GDM l are hypertensive (140/90) l have an HDL cholesterol level 35 mg/dl and/or a triglyceride level 250 mg/dl l on previous testing, had IGT or IFG Chromium & Magnesium - 1 l Organically bound to brewer's yeast is best absorbed l Called "Glucose Tolerance Factor" because it helped restore normal carbohydrate tolerance in early diabetic animals. Deficiencies l Highly refined carbohydrate foods (white flour, white rice, sugar products) are low in chromium and cause rapid loss of it from body tissues. l Fats interfere with absorption l Excess zinc, calcium, iron, manganese interfere with absorption and utilization l Stress, such as malnutrition and blood loss Magnesium One of the most prevalent minerals in the body l Absorption is interfered with by: • High intake of calcium • Phosphate, oxalic acid (spinach, rhubarb), poorly digested fats RDA: Adult men: 350 mg; Adult women: 280mg Processing grains causes loss of most Mg Refined sugar, alcohol, fats, oils=0 l Excessive cooking in a lot of water causes losses Rich sources: peanut flour, sesame seeds, soy flour, wheat bran, wheat germ Good sources: Blackstrap molasses, nuts, peanut butter, whole grains, whole wheat flour, yeast Fair sources: Avocados, bananas, breads, beef, cornmeal, dried fruits, fish, olives, most leafy vegetables Chromium & Magnesium - 2 Good Dietary Sources l Blackstrap molasses, apple peels, banana, corn products, potatoes, whole wheat, wheat bran (cheese, egg, liver L) l Fair sources: Carrots, green beans, oranges, spinach, strawberries l Recent Report: High doses of Chromium Polynicotinate (1000 mcgm/day) can reverse mild to moderate Type II Diabetes in 6-8 months. l Report July 1997 from Johns Hopkins: Low serum magnesium may be a strong independent predictor of Type II Diabetes. Principles of Treatment Fasting l Short-term, medical supervision Vegetarian Diet Exercise Fasting Short-term, 3-5 days Medical supervision Stop all medications, drink only water or herb teas Check blood glucose 3 times a day Stop fast when glucose falls to normal, or if glucose rises instead of falling Vegetarian Diet Diet should be total vegetarian, lowfat, high fiber, mostly natural unrefined vegetables, whole grains with a few nuts, and moderate use of fruits; raw foods in abundance. Makes counting calories and exchange diets largely unnecessary. Exercise > Numerous studies show that exercise can both prevent and reduce Type II diabetes > German study in 1996: “Increased physical activity delays the onset of non-insulin dependent diabetes or even prevents the disease in about 50% of susceptible individuals…” > From Medical College of SC, 1998: “In a study of about 1,500 men and women, researchers found that people who exercised-even moderately-made more efficient use of insulin to metabolize food.” (Previous studies had shown vigorous exercise was beneficial, but this study showed that even a 30 minute stroll daily significantly reduced the risk of diabetes). mericans eat too much food. They eat too much meat, too much fat especially saturated fat - too much cholesterol, too much salt, too much sugar. They should cut their consumption of these and increase their consumption of fruits, vegetables, and cereal products - especially whole grains. Dr. Mark Hegsted, Professor Emeritus of Nutrition, Harvard University Results of Blood Sugar Control for Type I Diabetics 76% reduction in diabetic retinopathy 54% reduction in significant kidney disease 60% reduction in peripheral neuropathy 35% decrease in cardiovascular risk Meat & Death from Diabetes Risk ratio in Seventh-day Adventist men Use of Meat Risk Ratio Less than 1 day per week 6 or more days per week 1.0 3.8X Diabetic Benefits of a HighCarbohydrate, High-Fiber Diet H levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides H blood pressure in those with hypertension Promotes discontinuation of insulin therapy for NIDDM H risk of death from heart disease Improves GI function H body weight in obese H risk of kidney damage H insulin requirements Improves glycemic control Diseases Associated with a Low Fiber Diet Diabetes mellitus Hemorrhoids Constipation Bowel cancer Appendicitis Bowel polyps Vericose veins Heart disease Hiatus hernia Strokes Diverticular disease Gallbladder disease Eight Cancers Linked to Sugar Consumption Colon cancer Rectal cancer Breast cancer Ovarian cancer Uterine cancer Prostate cancer Kidney cancer Cancers of the nervous system Sugar Weakens White Blood Cells’ Ability to Destroy Bacteria Teaspoons of sugar 0 6 12 18 24 # bacteria destroyed 14.0 10.0 5.5 2.0 1.0 Hidden Sugars in Foods (teaspoons) Banana spilt Soft drinks Canned fruit (light syrup) Chocolate cake Chocolate candy Fruit pie Ice cream Donut, glazed Jam, jelly 3 scoops 12 oz 1 serving 1 (4 oz slice) 1 oz 1 slice 1 scoop 1 each 1 Tbs 24 10-12 8 8 7 7 5 4 3 Statistics One year excess medical costs for diabetics: $3,494 per person Ref. Shelby, J.V., et al, Excess Costs of Care for Patients with Diabetes… 2.4 X that of controls Medical Diabetes Care 20; No. 9:136. August 1997 World Epidemic Predicted WHO estimates 135 million worldwide 300 million by 2025 2.8 million die of diabetic complications each year. "Unless we do something drastic, I expect diabetes to become one of the major killers in the world in the year 2010." (Jack Jarrell, president of the International Diabetes Federation.) "I don't think bringing in more drugs is going to help." Risk of Macrovascular (large blood vessel) disease: 1.5-2 X more often in diabetics "Much of the risk of macrovascular complications occurs with impaired glucose tolerance before the onset of overt NIDDM." Ref: Diabetes care 20:#8; p. 1225. July 1997. How to calculate waist-to-hip ratio 1. Have patient stand relaxed, without pulling in the stomach and measure the waist at the level of the navel. 2. Measure the patients hips over the buttocks where the hips are the largest. 3. Divide the waist measurement by the hip measurement. Examples: Waist 36”, Hips 40”; Ratio = 0.9 Waist 46”, Hips 38”; Ratio = 1.2 (The American heart Association recommends that a woman’s waist-hip ratio be no more that 0.80, and a man’s no more than 1.00. The Dietary Guidelines committee of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Health & Human Services recommends a ratio of 0.80 for women and 0.95 for men.) “Checking patient’s waist-hip ratios should be as routine as checking their weight.” (Norman Kaplan, M.D., Professor of Medicine, University of Texas in Dallas)