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Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15
Nursing
 Explain the roles and responsibilities of unlicensed personnel who
perform nursing duties, including certified/certificated nursing assistants,
home health aides, dialysis technicians, patient care technicians, and
surgical technicians.
 Differentiate between the roles and responsibilities of licensed nurses,
including licensed practical nurses and licensed vocational nurses,
registered nurses, and advanced practice nurses.
 Practice 16 nursing procedures.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel
Licensed Nursing Personnel
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Careers in Nursing
Nursing offers many career opportunities.
An aging population, increasing turnover because of age, and people
exiting the nursing field have created the need for new trainees.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Careers in Nursing (cont.)
Nursing can be divided into two areas:
Unlicensed nursing personnel
• Certified or certificated nursing assistant
• Home health aide
• Dialysis technician
• Surgical technician
Licensed nursing personnel
• Licensed practical nurse or licensed vocational nurse
• Registered nurse
• Advanced practice nurse
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel
Need is being generated by the rapidly rising cost of
healthcare.
Work under licensed nurses.
Perform nursing tasks that can be safely done by
people with specific training.
There are unresolved issues currently being debated
about which tasks can safely be delegated to
unlicensed personnel.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant
Regulated by state law – not federal.
Federal government issued guidelines for training in Omnibus Budget
Reconciliation Act (OBRA).
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant (cont.)
Nursing assistant is often primary caregiver.
Often involves working evenings, nights, weekends, and holidays.
Typically works in 3 types of facilities:
• Acute care.
• Long-term care.
• Residential care.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant (cont.)
Tasks delegated may include:
• Answering patient call signals.
• Setting up rooms for new admissions.
• Keeping patient rooms neat to ensure safety.
• Delivering messages, supplies, and equipment.
• Serving and assisting with meals.
• Assisting with daily personal care.
• Assisting with toileting.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant
Tasks delegated may include (cont.):
• Making beds.
• Providing oral care.
• Assisting with oral care.
• Assisting with skin care.
• Helping with shaving.
• Taking and reporting vital signs.
• Assisting with bathing and/or showering.
• Reporting changes in patient’s condition.
• Helping patients transfer and/or ambulate.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant –
Long-Term Care
Perform the same duties as in acute care, but additional duties may
include:
• Emptying bedpans.
• Cleaning incontinent patients.
• Reporting significant changes, including
changes in mental status or self-care
capabilities.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Certified or Certificated Nursing Assistant –
Residential Care
Perform same duties as in acute care and long-term care, but
additional duties may include:
• Assisting with medications.
• Assisting with taking patients
shopping or other outings.
• Providing assistance with
transportation to medical
appointments.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Home Health Aide
Works with patients in their homes.
• May work in one or multiple homes.
• Patients are often elderly, disabled, or ill.
Works independently with occasional supervisory oversight.
• Supervisor is home health nurse who writes detailed plan of care.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Home Health Aide (cont.)
Performs same tasks as certified or certificated nursing assistant.
Assists with medications.
Assists with personal care.
• Cooks meals.
• Assists with eating, bathing, and dressing.
• Does light housekeeping and laundry.
• Changes bed linens.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Home Health Aide (cont.)
Assists with shopping.
Takes patients to medical appointments.
Provides assistance that allows patient to remain safely in home.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Dialysis Technician
Also known as hemodialysis or renal dialysis technician.
Operate kidney dialysis machines.
May perform maintenance and repairs on dialysis equipment.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Dialysis Technician (cont.)
Must minimize exposure of patient’s blood to minimize spread of
disease.
Tasks may include any or all of the following:
• Getting machines ready.
• Obtaining and recording patient’s weight and vital signs before
procedure.
• Administering anesthetics and medications before, during, and
after procedure.
• Beginning the procedure.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Dialysis Technician (cont.)
Tasks may include any or all of the following (cont.):
• Monitoring the patient and process.
• Checking for signs or symptoms of adverse reactions.
• Administering emergency care if needed.
• Cleaning equipment after procedure.
• Training patients on how to perform the procedure at home.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Surgical Technician
Also known as operating room technician.
Assist during surgical procedures.
Work under supervision from surgeons, registered nurses, and others.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Surgical Technician (cont.)
Work in operating or delivery room.
May work in outpatient facility for physicians or dentists.
May set up an operating room before surgery.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Surgical Technician (cont.)
Other duties may include:
• Maintaining a sterile environment for surgery.
• Learning required surgical tools.
• Knowing the order in which surgical tools are required during
surgery.
• Setting up and testing non-sterile equipment.
• Preparing patient for surgery: shaving, cleaning, and disinfecting.
• Taking patient’s vital signs.
• Checking medical charts for the surgeon.
• Transporting patients to the recovery room.
• Cleaning and restocking after surgery.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Unlicensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Patient Care Technician
The patient care technician (PCT), or patient care assistant, is
responsible for providing assistance to doctors, nurses, and other
support staff while also interacting directly with the patient.
Patient care technicians focus on recording vital health information,
collecting samples, and assisting patients. The education and job
responsibilities vary between states and healthcare facilities.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel
Attend postsecondary education courses and pass a
test.
Obtain a license through a state agency.
Licensed nurses include:
• Licensed practical or vocational nurse.
• Registered nurse.
• Advanced practice nurse.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse
Perform care under supervision of physician or registered nurse.
Typically receives training from vocational or technical school.
Are required by all states to pass a licensing examination.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse Job
Responsibilities:
Taking vital signs.
Treating bedsores.
Administering injections.
Giving enemas.
Administering medications.
Applying dressings.
Applying ice packs and hot water bottles.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse Job
Responsibilities (cont.):
Inserting and caring for urinary catheters.
Assessing patients for effects of medication and treatments.
Assisting with meals.
Recording intake and output.
Helping with personal needs of patients.
Helping with emotional needs of patients.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse Job
Responsibilities (cont.):
Assisting with the delivery of infants.
Caring for and feeding infants.
Supervising nursing assistants.
Helping evaluate patient needs and developing care plans.
Making appointments and keeping records in physicians’ offices.
Teaching patients how to care for themselves.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Nurse
Types of registered nurses:
• Hospital nurse.
• Office nurse.
• Nursing home nurse.
• Home health nurse.
• Public health nurse.
• Occupational or industrial nurse.
• Head or supervisory nurse.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Nurse (cont.)
Must pass national licensing exam and be licensed in state where they
work.
Three training paths:
• Hospital training program.
• Associate degree from community college.
• Bachelor of science in nursing.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Hospital Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Providing all care given by LPN/LVNs.
• Providing bedside nursing care.
• Starting IVs.
• Carrying out medical regimes as ordered by physicians.
• Supervising LPN/LVNs and unlicensed assisting personnel.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Office Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Providing care for outpatient patients.
• Preparing patients for examinations.
• Assisting physicians with examinations.
• Administering injections and IV solutions.
• Performing wound care.
• Assisting with minor surgeries.
• Maintaining documentation.
• Performing routine specimen collection and lab work.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Nursing Home Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Managing the nursing care for patients.
• Filling management positions.
• Participating in staff education.
• Handling administrative and supervisory duties.
• Assessing patient’s medical conditions.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Home Health Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Providing periodic care to patients in their homes.
• Assessing the home environment for safety.
• Teaching patients and their family members how to care for
themselves.
• Supervising the home health aide, possibly an LPN/LVN, to assist
with cases.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Public Health Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Working in the community setting.
• Working with the selected populations to improve the health of the
community at large.
• Educating community members in health maintenance, disease
prevention, nutrition, and child care.
• Providing health screenings.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Occupational or Industrial Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Providing workplace care to employees and customers.
• Assessing and educating on health hazards found in the
workplace.
• Assisting with health examinations.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
The Registered Head or Supervisory Nurse
Job responsibilities may include:
• Managing the department.
• Planning work schedules and assigning duties.
• Planning and monitoring the budget.
• Supervising all personnel.
• Maintaining all required records.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse
Takes advanced training to obtain advanced practice certificate or
degree.
Nurse practitioner is allowed to write prescriptions with physician’s
approval.
There are four specialties:
• Clinical nurse specialist.
• Certified registered nurse anesthetist.
• Certified nurse-midwife.
• Certified registered nurse practitioner.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
The Clinical Nurse Specialist is a registered nurse who specializes in a
specific nursing area such as:
• Gerontology (care of older patients).
• Neonatology (care of prematurely born infants).
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
The certified registered nurse anesthetist has additional training in the
use of anesthesia.
• Works in surgical suites.
• Works under the supervision of an anesthesiologist or a physician
who specializes in anesthesiology.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
The certified nurse-midwife assists with the delivery of infants.
• Has training and expertise in the delivery process.
• May assist with birth in home of patient.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
Licensed Nursing Personnel (cont.)
Advanced Practice Nurse (cont.)
Duties depend on setting in which they work.
Many work in rural areas where access to traditional care is scarce.
May work in:
• Physician’s office.
• Hospital outpatient area.
• Surgical area.
• Acute care, clinics, or in patient’s home.
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
What are the three training paths for a
registered nurse?
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
What are the three training paths for a
registered nurse?
1. Hospital diploma
2. Associate’s degree
3. Bachelor of science in nursing degree
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
One area that a clinical nurse specialist
works in is gerontology. What group of
people does this term reference?
Chapter 15 Nursing
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
15.1
Careers in Nursing
One area that a clinical nurse specialist
works in is gerontology. What group of
people does this term reference?
Patients over the age of 65
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.2
Basic Nursing
Procedures
Basic Nursing Procedures
Hand Hygiene
Making an open or closed bed
A fold in a sheet can cause a decubitus ulcer.
Preventing bedsores
Transporting patients
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.2
Basic Nursing
Procedures
What is the difference between open beds
and closed beds?
Chapter 15 Nursing
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15.2
Basic Nursing
Procedures
What is the difference between open beds
and closed beds?
Open beds are beds that are used by a
patient but are unoccupied when made.
Closed beds are those that are in readiness
for the next patient.
Chapter 15 Nursing
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End of
Chapter 15 Nursing
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