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Download PEDIATRIC NURSING Caring For Children and Their Families
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PEDIATRIC NURSING Caring For Children and Their Families MODULE 1 What is Pediatric Nursing? • Caring for children and families • Promoting health and wellness through several roles – – – – Care provider Educator Research Advocate - Manager of care - Collaborator Nursing Process • Foundation for all nursing – Assessment – Nursing diagnosis – Planning – Implementation/interventions – Evaluation See page 31, Box 2-3 Special Competencies • • • • • • Medication dosage calculation Pediatric-specific skills Neonatal, infant and child resuscitation Play therapy Family-centered care Developmentally appropriate care and communication Peds Nursing Issues • Safety of culture and environment • Access to healthcare • Divorce, abuse, drug use- exposure in home • Lack of prenatal care and appropriate screenings • Violence and bullying in school • Injury and accidents • Nutrition and obesity rates; eating disorders • Peer pressure, drug and alcohol use • Sexual activity and rates of STD and teen pregnancy • Mental health • Child abuse and neglect Care Settings • Acute care- hospital setting • Critical care hospital unit • Specialty clinics for children with special needs • Public health department • School • Home health and hospice care • Primary care facilities Definition of Family • • • • • • Family is who they say they are Biological Legal Emotional Two or more persons Nuclear, alternative, adoptive, foster, and group Growth and Development • • • • Growth vs Development Piaget-cognitive Freud-psychosexual Erikson-psychosocial • Table 4-1 pages 56-57 • Kohlberg- moral (won’t focus on) Communication • • • • • • Techniques Verbal Nonverbal Active listening Play Purpose?? Stages of G & D • • • • • Infant Toddlers Preschoolers School age Adolescent Emotional Factors • • • • • • Separation anxiety Stranger anxiety Tantrums Depression Self image Insecurity Safety/Accident Prevention • • • • • Environmental Equipment Medication Anticipatory guidance Risk factors Pain Management • Nonpharmacologic • Pharmacologic – Non-opioid – Opioid Anatomic Differences • Respiratory – Small, short, narrow airways – Obligatory nose breathers – Immature respiratory system • Skin – Larger body surface area – Increase fluid loss – Problems with temp regulation • Cardiac – – – – – Increased heart rate Congenital anomalies Decreased blood pressure Increased oxygen demand Increased metabolic demand • Renal – – – – – – – Immature, not effective for filtration Can’t concentrate urine Small changes=big consequences Differing lab values by age group Small bladder capacity Prevent UTI 1-2mL/kg/hr • GI – – – – Feces changes based on diet and age Dietary inclusions Allergies Congenital disorders • Neuro – Primitive reflexes – Replaced slowly with gross and fine motor movement – Cephalocaudal; proximodistal – Dependent on nutrition and function of other body systems • Immune – Need acquired immunity in infancy • 3-4 months of age – Immunizations – Immature immune system, not adequate until early childhood • Musculoskeletal – Spurts and lulls – Mastery of motor skills is influenced by environment and stimulation – Highly individualized – 2-4-6-8-10/12 concept G&D Templates • http://www.atitesting.com
