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Community-Based Care Transition
Program: Setting a Price
Discussion Guide – Triple Aim, Care Transitions
July 12, 2011
Joanne Lynn and the
Triple Aim/Beacon team from Cincinnati and
The Beacon team from Tulsa
And all the rest of us, including some guests
Some baseline considerations on:
1. Interventions
2. Price charged
3. Payment
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1. The intervention(s) must decrease Medicare expenditure by
i. Improving care transitions, and thereby
ii. Reducing hospital readmissions
iii. Without causing more than balancing increases in other
Medicare costs (the solicitation mentions only
rehospitalization, ER use, and observation stays – not
post-acute care, non-hospital interventions,
medications, etc. This simplifies things for the
application, but not for the eventual continuation of the
project – which will require overall savings, most likely)
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2. The price
i. Has no upper or lower limit at this time
ii. Applicants must justify their “blended rate” or price
per eligible discharge by explaining the origin of the
price requested
iii. And must set a “Not-to-exceed” total amount that
their work could occasion over the whole 5 years
iv. and this must predict overall savings
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3. Payment: rate per eligible discharge
i. Rate=∑ cost for delivering intervention/# of
eligible discharges
ii. Rate can increase over time with inflation
iii. Rate can require blending by different
interventions for targeted populations
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Things to consider when calculating costs
• First - get very clear as to what you intend to do, what it will take to do it,
whether you have enough experience to base reasonable calculations, what
will be needed for expansion of existing pilots (inclusion of more sites, data,
doing more with HIT, ongoing monitoring and improvements)
• Second – know your own systems well – are there really motivations to do
this work and succeed? Are there champions for the reform needed? If
working across non-traditional groups in a coalition, is there commitment to
some governance and ability to handle the funds well? Have you thought
through the risks and benefits and can convince yourself that you have a
good plan? Delays in getting started are a common way for this sort of
intervention to fail
Continued…
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Then consider - TARGETING – what hospitalized patients will benefit most
from? What will you set out to learn – e.g., about expanding your current
trial with one disease to all Medicare patients? While all Medicare
hospitalizations run substantial risks of rehospitalization, there are still
beneficiaries with very high risks and others with much lower risks, and not
all risks are modifiable (at least with the interventions you propose). Some
teams want to focus more energy on the very high risks or certain
modifiable risks and put in place a low-cost monitoring and fall-back for the
lower (perhaps with a mid-range option as well). Be sure you have thought
through how to recognize optimal effect and bow out of the situation!
Finally, consider how you intend for the project to evolve—different people,
changing roles, more standardization, etc. Especially, consider whether you
mean for new jobs to be permanent additions to health care as initially
designed (or, for example, if you believe the added services could diminish
with standardization and inclusion of some roles in other persons’ jobs)
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What goes into the price?
• Personnel
• include title, base salary and % of time spent on the intervention. Also note any
possible change in base salary and at what rate.
» Includes staff determining eligibility, coaching, providing supervision & oversight,
delivering intervention, recruitment and training (after the initial cost), and technical
support.
» Includes fringe and benefits in accord with usual practice
» Includes cost of recruitment and turnover – but NOT initial training for at least the first
set of implementers – CMS presumes that you are already doing this and don’t need
initial training
» CMS has not given guidance as to whether costs of scaling up to cover more patients or
facilities are acceptable costs.
•
Travel
• Cost of traveling to Baltimore, MD for three annual meetings including hotel costs
at government approved rates and local traveling ARE PROBABLY NOT COVERED –
these will need to be covered in overhead or in other sources. (would be good to
have a letter acknowledging intent to cover these, e.g., from a hospital partner or a
local philanthropy)
•
Equipment and Supplies
• Cost of leasing medical or IT equipment, software for information
exchange and tracking, screening tools, office supplies, etc.
•
Other costs - A reasonable overhead for rent, costs of administration, costs of
insurance, etc (Note – CMS has not said anything about overhead or indirect) 8
Considerations
• Making salaries from piecework (hire a coach as FTE,
pay for it in per-patient reimbursement)
• Costs of training, replacement, for core personnel
• Costs of coalition building, community standardsetting, professional and public education
• Costs of data collection, monitoring locally,
participating in national learning
• Effect of patient refusal
• Effect over time of population education and standardsetting – how will this evolve, and when
• Potential reactions (e.g., to losing billings or control)
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Link to Budget worksheet (opens directly in excel):
http://www.cms.gov/DemoProjectsEvalRpts/downloads/
CCTP_ApplicationBudgetWorksheet.zip
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Completing the budget worksheet
For each row in the worksheet do the following:
1. Describe how you arrived at the given rate, number or percent
2. Explain your assumptions and possibly the effect of falling within a range
3. Consider carefully the potential effect of patient refusal
4. Include any variations in the estimates by year, intervention model used, or
hospital. This can be done by subdividing the columns under each model into
separate years.
5. For Row A (annual Medicare beneficiaries): include the year and growth rate
used to calculate annual Medicare admissions
6. For Row C (180-day episode): Each eligible beneficiary can only be counted
once in a 180-day payment period regardless of the # of admissions.
7. For Row J (hospital admission rate): If using a figure other than $9,600, please
describe the rationale behind your cost.
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END
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