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Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2): (27- 41 )
A New Archaeological Research in Northwestern Iran:
Prehistoric Settlements of Little Zab River Basin
A. Binandeh1, A.H. Nobari2, J. Neyestani3, H.Vahdati Nasab4
Received: 2011/9/10
Accepted: 2011/11/28
Abstract
The little Zab River in northwestern Iran rises from the mountains Piranshehr and
flows from the northwest to the southeast direction to join Iraq from Alan passage.
The River basin contains a large number of ancient settlements, and its lower area
that is close to the Zab River has been the most interesting place for people in the
Neolithic Age. An increasing population during Chalcolithic Age led to the
dispersion of settlements. These sites are located in the north of this basin, in a
valley and a little plain.
Keywords: North-Western Iran; The Little Zab River; Archaeological
Survey;
Neolithic; Chalcolithic.
1. PhD Student, Department of Archeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
2. Associate Professor, Department of Archeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran E-mail:
[email protected]
3. Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
4. Assistant Professor, Department of Archeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
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Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
Introduction
The Zab basin has sparse vegetation and its
The Zab River basin consists of Piranshehr
dense
and Sardasht of Iran’s West Azerbaijan
sometimes wild pistachio (Qzvan), almonds
province and parts of Bane in Kurdistan
and tamarisk. Density scales in some areas
province. The Zab River rises from
is more to the neighboring regions. The
northwest highlands of Piranshehr and after
basin is located in Urmia-Sanandaj-Sirjan
joining different branches and passing
or
through highlands of Alan enters into Iraq.
vertical
strip
along
zone,
1976).
south-east and east-west directions (Khezri:
Archeological
2000). The Zab basin is located in an area
Studies
in
West
Azerbaijan
with cold and temperate mountainous
Northwest of Iran, with its appropriate
climate as well as Mediterranean rainfall,
annual
Sanandaj–Sirjan
and
created severe transformation (Nabavi:
latitudinal expansions from northwest to
average
ors
zone, geologocal Laramie factors have
Zab River encounters longitudinal and
an
called
oak,
northeast. In the northwestern parts of this
the
international Iran-Iraq border and the little
with
so
include
geologically after Zagros range in the
The extension of this basin has drawn a
relatively
forests
climate and neighborhood with Anatolia,
temperature
between 11/7 to 13/3 and an annual
Mesopotamia,
and
Naxjavan,
had
a
downpour of about 700 ml.
particular importance in archeology of
different prehistoric and historical periods.
The specific geographical situation of
country’s northwest and specially the West
Azerbaijan in ancient age, as the meeting
place of important cultures turned the
attentions
of
most
scholars
and
archaeologists. Since the beginning of
scientific and archaeological studies in the
early nineteenth century, this area has been
studied and excavated frequently by Iranian
and foreign archaeologists.
Fig 1 Location of Zab Basin in Northwestern Iran
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Binandeh A. and others
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
Studies by Coon (1951), Stein (1940),
lake (Razaghi & Fahemi 1996).
Italian group led by Pecorella and Salvini
Little Zab basin: Stein had visited some of
(1984) and Solecki is convincing reason
ancient sites in the north of this basin (Stein
about its archeological importance (Solecki
1940). Kliess had mentioned one Neolithic
& Solecki 1973; Solecki 1999). Also,
site and some Iron Age places in this basin
during 1969 and 1978, German archaeologists
and Kroll mentioned some Iron Age (І)
in Bastam, English group led by Burney in
sites in Piranshahr (Kroll 2005: 65-85) and
Haftvan and Yanik (Burney 1964; 1969;
in recent years Tepe Rabat near Sardashat
1970; 1972; 1973) conducted excavations,
had excavated (Kargar and Binandeh
and also Swiny surveyed a large area in
2009:113-129). As mentioned, most studies
northwest of Iran (Swiny 1975). Basic
are related to proto-history and historical
archeological studies in the south of Urmia
period, and prehistoric studies remain
lake started with Hassanlu project by Dyson
limited.
and his team (Muscarella 2006), Dinkha
Tepe (Muscarella 1974), Agrab Tepe
Methodology
(Muscarella 1973) and Kord-Lar Tepe
Choosing a method to collect archeological
(Lippert 1979). Prehistoric sites like Hajji
data depends on regional conditions and
Firuz (Voigt 1983), Dalma (Hamlin 1975),
theoretical-
Pizdelli (Dyson & Yong 1960), Goy Tepe
archaeological researches(Alizadeh 2001).
practical
objectives
of
(Brown 1951) and Gijlar and Balo were
The proposed Zab basin was divided into
excavated before the Islamic Revolution in
northern and southern parts and the survey
Iran. In recent years, Iranian archeologist
started from the northern and finally ended
have
conducted
surveys
and
in the southern part. Characteristically,
territory
like
factors such as its local position, remains
excavations
and their types, its height from the sea level,
(Khatib-Shahidi 2006), Qalaichi which is a
environmental possibilities, and neighboring
Manaians
Rabat
structures were taken into account. In order
excavation in the Little Zab basin (Kargar
to record the findings, we, sites were coded
& Binandeh 2009) and (Heydari 2007) and
with five letters where three letters (Zab)
Jolbar Tepe, a Neolithic site near Urmia
represented Zab River whereas the fourth
excavations
in
continuance
of
site
many
this
Hassanlu
(Kargar
2005),
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A New Archaeological Research in …
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
and fifth letters were the sites number.
located between one of the branches and
Zab River.
Recognized Works and Objects
Altogether 22 sites could be identified
through surveying prehistoric areas around
the Little Zab River basin. Artifacts from
six sites belonged to Neolithic period and
the
rest
were
identified
from
the
Chalcolithic period.
Proximity of Neolithic Sites to Water
Resources
Water has been the key to human
settlements. The Zab River basin with
permanent and seasonal branches as well as
water springs has always attracted such
settlements.
As
mentioned,
six
sites
belonging to the Neolithic period have been
identified in the proposed area of study.
Fig 2 Proximity of Neolithic Sites to Water Resources
Two are located in the northern part of the
Neolithic Sites and Elevation
basin and four in the southern part. In the
Except Jaldian Tepe (Zab 47) which is 1500
center, with more compressed branches,
meters above the sea level, rest of the sites
settlements have not been identified. (Zab
is located at lower altitude. (Zab 42) is
42) site is located at the margin of the river
located in a small plain of Lajan Mountain;
and (Zab 47) is close to a tributary, faraway
some 1150 meters from the sea level. The
from the river. In the south, (Zab 38) is
southern sites of the Zab basin are located
located in eastern margin and (Zab 31) and
at heights between 800 and 1150 meters.
(Zab 36) are located near the eastern and
western
branches
relatively
at
(Zab 36) is located in the lowest parts of the
closer
basin between Sardasht and Rabat, near Zab
distance from Zab River and (Zab39) is
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Binandeh A. and others
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
River. It seems that lowlands of the basin
Proximity of Chalcolithic Sites to Water
Resources
As pointed, water is key to the human
are due to its proximity to the Zab River
and its favorable conditions had attracted
survival.
Neolithic people more. (Zab 47) is the only
With
some
permanent
and
seasonal multiple branches and high water
site located in a high area.
springs, the Zab River basin had always
attracted settlers. About 16 Chalcolithic
Neolithic Sites and Forest Cover
sites have been identified, 8 of them
Forest cover of the Zab basin is divided into
situated in northern part of the basin, two in
two completely distinct parts. The northern
the center and six sites in the southern part.
section, which includes more of the city of
In northern part, four sites are located along
Piranshehr, almost lacks forest cover. The
Brkmran River, which is one of the main
southern part in the city of Sardasht has
branches of the Zab River. It seems that this
forest covering, with different density.
part with its plains had been the center of
Jaldian and Lavin site are very far from the
attraction during the Chalcolithic period.
forest. (Zab 36) and (Zab31) are located in
(Zab 15) and (Zab 17) are located along one
forest area with low density and (Zab 38) is
of the sub branches with seasonal water,
in the area with an average forest density.
and high water springs. Khri-Qalatan (Zab
(Zab 39) is located at the margin of high
10) which is separated from the Zab River
density forest.
with a high rolling hill range on in the
southern
margin
of
a
riverbed
and
surrounded by several springs. In the
central part of the basin (Zab 30) in the
margin of Zab River and (Zab 53) is
allocated along one of the branches. In the
south basin only (Zab 38) is situated on the
margin of Zab and other Chalcolithic sites
of this part are located along sub branches.
It seems that this part with its plains among
mountain had been of much importance
Fig 3 Neolithic Sites and Forest Covers
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Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
during the Chalcolithic period. (Zab 15) and
(Zab 4), (Zab 6), (Zab10) and (Zab 23) are
(Zab 17) are located near sub branches with
located in the high margin with poor forest
seasonal water, and beside the high water
cover.
springs and relatively in a distance far from
the River. Khri-Qalatan (Zab 10) which is
separated from the Zab River with a high
rolling hill range is on the southern margin
of a River bed and surrounded by several
springs.
Fig 5 Position of Chalcolithic Sites to Forest Cover
Fig 4 Proximity of Chacolithic Sites to Water
Resources
Conclusion
The Zab River basin has been potential for
Chalcolithic Sites and Forest Cover
Paleolithic groups. Natural food resources
The northern sites are in non-forest areas
in the forest such as fruit trees, wild animals
and principally these lacks the forest cover.
that continue to exist in these forests and
Sites (Zab 30) and (Zab 36) with low cover
water-full valleys all could be ideal
forest area, (Zab 38) with an average cover
environment for hunter and food collector
and (Zab 52) with dense cover. Other sites
human. Also, several caves with good
are located at the margin of the forest. Sites
condition was identified, but unfortunately
32
Binandeh A. and others
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
despite many attempts in foot and around
equivalent horizon with Hasanlu X layer
the cave, stone artifacts has not been found,
(Hamlin 1975:120). Based on the surface
and this can be due to high sedimentation
findings in Zab basin, no place during the
into the cave. Noticeably no open air site
early Neolithic period has been inhabited
has been identified.
and apparently like Sulduz plain the oldest
Neolithic Settlements: Based on surface
rural settlement is related to the late
data, the oldest period identified in this
Neolithic period. Although it seems that in
study is related to the Neolithic period. As a
terms of natural conditions, it is different
result of survey at six sites, pottery works
from the Sulduz plain which contains Hajji-
related to the Neolithic period were
Firuz Tepe. The Sulduz (late Neolithic) had
identified. Neolithic sites are located in the
been a marshy plain. But it seem that
north and south of the basin. Now more
unlike the Zab basin there had been a
Neolithic settlements are situated within the
favorable
existing village. Sherds of pottery which are
before late Neolithic. However, lack of site
collected from surface levels and belong to
before the late Neolithic is considerable. It
Neolithic period are in two simple and
seems that marginal areas of forest and
painted groups with red color tends to pale
mountain had attracted people to those
buff with a polished surface and pale and
regions during Neolithic period. It is only
dense mud cover with vegetative grit,
(Zab 47) which is in a poor high area but
handmade and mostly half-baked. These
other sites are not located in high area.
potteries
geometrical
Neolithic peoples of Zab basin could be
designs that could be compared with Hajji-
classified into rancher and farmer groups.
Firuz pottery. Dyson and Voigt knew Hajji-
Jaldian and Lavin sites according to their
Firuz as contemporary to Hasanlu and
favorable
representative of permanent settlement in
propitious for ranching and agriculture.
village;
decorated
also
with
for
environment
establishment
seem
to
be
its
oldest
Some obsidian blade has been found at this
later
sixth
site (Lavin) that probably like other
millennium B.C. and related it to late
Neolithic sites in North-West Iran, the place
Neolithic (Voigt 1983). Hamlin knows
of supplying them had been the Anatolian.
Hajji-Firuz
In
settlement
they suggest
condition
period
as
to
the
representative
and
in
33
Chalcolithic
period,
number
of
A New Archaeological Research in …
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
settlements reaches to16. In north of the
had appropriate importance. Solecki knew
basin, sites (Zab 30) and (Zab 36) are
nomads the factor of these potteries
located in low cover forest, (Zab 38) in
dispersion (Hole 2004: 101), that is of
forest area with the average cover and (Zab
course considerable. Hamlin refers to wider
52) in area with compressed cover, and
connections
other sites are on the forest margins with
Kermanshah and adjacent regions (Hamlin
low cover. Sites (Zab 4), (Zab 6), (Zab 10)
1975:110-120). In any case, existence of
and (Zab 23) are located on the margin of
rich Chalcolithic sites in Dalma period
poor quality pasture and other sites in this
showed its relation with suburbs and
period are in non-pasture areas. In this
Mesopotamia.
period, we are faced with increasing
considerable impression and influence on
population, the need for more space and
its adjacent and contemporary cultures.
access to resources has caused dispersion of
Halaf
and
culture
name
Halaf
Mesopotamia,
Culture
impressed
local
had
and
establishments. This sites in north of the
weaker cultures. In East of Anatolia
basin in small valleys and plains between
especially in Telki, in Mesopotamia and
the mountain, are more in linear shape and
adjacent regions there are evidences of the
sub-branches of Zab are more considered
Halaf culture. But in despite of these areas,
and in addition to animal-husbandry, they
there isn’t evidence of the Halaf culture in
developed agriculture as well. The basin
the Sulduz plain (Dyson & Young 1960:
southern sites according to its natural
19-28). Based on the surface findings, it is
condition are situated in margin of forest
also not evident in the Zab basin. When this
and they are almost as a colony. This shows
subject became more considerable that in
that forest resources cannot be supplier of
the later periods we seen impression of
major food needed in society. Most of these
cultures in this basin that in the Sulduz
sites had Dalma potteries which are hand-
plain and south of the Urmia Lake basin it
made
and
is not seen. Influence of the Pisdeli culture
vegetative blended which are often in
at least in the northern district of Zab basin
simple and applied forms with thick mud
is evident. Up to now, in North West of
glaze.
abnormal
Iran, evidences of the Ubaid cultural
geographical dispersion in the west of Iran
communication have been reported in
with
There
inadequate
vast
cooking
and
34
Binandeh A. and others
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
Pisdeli – the period that belongs to about
observe this kind of potteries at elevated
3200 - 3900 B.C and is contemporary to
Hamedan region, has not reported. Potteries
Hasanlu VIII.
called
beveled-rim
bowl
includes
Expansion of the Late Chalcolithic
considerable number and based on their
culture and its similarity at Goy Tepe M,
finding, places were proposed (Abdi 1999;
Yanik, Gawra XI-IX, Arsalan Tepe VII and
Goulder 2010).
Tal-Barak is sensible (Helwing, 2005:11-
Considering these potteries belong to the
23). Although, many of the decorative
late Uruk period i.e. later 4th millennium
elements can be seen in different regions
B.C,
but with a local authenticity.
accelerating in the Middle East. In some
we
see
social
complexities
At a little distance from Pisdeli Tepe,
areas, this bowls indicates the beginning
near Urmia M trench, M and N phases at
urbanization (Majedzadeh 1989). But in the
Goy
chronologically
Zab basin, sites with these kinds of pottery
(Helwing 2005: 11-23). Continued relation
was not a big vast so that this could no be
with Ubaid in 3000 B.C is visible in M
signs of urbanization and perhaps these
layer of Goy Tepe. Also, similar gray
bowls are mostly signs of relation with
pottery obtained at the late Chalcolithic
adjacent areas.
Tepe
are
newer
sites in northern Zagros. Similar bowls and
Chalcolithic cultures in northwest Iran in
pitchers in Arsalan Tepe and also in Goy
the late fourth millennium B.C have been
Tepe M are significant and visible. In the
abandoned (Talaei 2002, Kroll 2004: 115-
Chalcolithic layers of Arsalan Tepe (layer
VII); there are potteries comparable to Goy
121).
Tepe, Yanik Tepe (Helwing 2005: 11-23)
Chalcolithic
and Telki Tepe, which approximately its
beyond
second layer (II layer) is related to late
pottery. Sometimes this type of pottery
Chalcolithic.
Called as Yanik culture. Yanik culture in
Another considerable case is identifying
Urmia
Lake
is
basin
occupied
Caucasus
gray
after
by
late
different
monochrome
the Godin Tepe in western Iran is placed
the Uruk type pottery in the three southern
immediately on the Uruk culture which
sites.
perhaps be due to Yanik expansion and
Site in the north basin, which doesn’t
35
A New Archaeological Research in …
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
pushing back (GodinV) to merchants for
not be considered completely only due to
controlling trade transactions. Although
the lack of culture (for example Uruk
the Yanik culture, in many parts of North-
culture) rather due to lack of researches in
West Iran, had prominent presence, but
these areas.
apparently its presence in the Sulduz plain
At least, at one site (Lavin Tepe), Dalma,
was insignificant while was almost absent
Pisdeli and Uruk pottery (beveled-rim
in the Zab basin. At that point of time, the
bowl) have been traced out together.
Zab basin had cultural-commercial ties
Now, if based on prehistoric chronology
with
the
of the Sulduz plain and the south of
northwest Iran. It seems that there are
Urmia Lake basin, we could consider
evidences of all these cultures in the Zob
4000-5000 B.C for the Dalma culture
basin and chronologically it can fill
(Hamlin 1975: 111-128), 3200-3900 B.C.
existence gap in the north west of Iran or
for Pisdeli (Doyson, Young 1960: 19-28)
at least south of Urmia Lake basin. It
and thus, the Uruk culture will certainly
should be noted that, some cases should
come after 3100 B.C.
Mesopotamia
more
than
36
Binandeh A. and others
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
Fig 6 Comparative Chronology of Zab Basin and Adjacent Regions (Henrickson, 1985a, Fig. 21, with Some
Revisions and Modifications)
37
A New Archaeological Research in …
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
[11] Dyson, R. H. Jr. and Youn, T.C. Jr.
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the
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‫‪Binandeh A. and others‬‬
‫)‪Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2‬‬
‫ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان‪ :‬اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻫﺎي‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زاب ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪه‪ ،١‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻫﮋﺑﺮي ﻧﻮﺑﺮي‪ ،٢‬ﺟﻮاد ﻧﻴﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،٣‬ﺣﺎﻣﺪ وﺣﺪﺗﻲ ﻧﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪88/2/12 :‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‪90/1/28:‬‬
‫رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زاب ﻛﻮﭼﻚ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان از ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﭘﻴﺮاﻧﺸﻬﺮ ﺳﺮﭼﺸﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و از‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮف ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق وﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻏﺮب ﺟﺎري ﺷﺪه و در اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻛﻮﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺮزي‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪،‬ودر ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ از ﻣﻌﺒﺮ آﻻن وارد ﺧﺎك ﻋﺮاق ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ واﺷﺎره ﻣﺘﻮن ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎل اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮرد‬
‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﺿﻪ اﻳﻦ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ داراي ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ¬ﻫﺎي ﺳﻔﺎﻟﻲ از دوره‬
‫ﭘﻴﺶ از ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻨﻮن اﺳﺘﻘﺮاري ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زاب و‬
‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ آن ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﺮدﻣﺎن ﻋﺼﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ‪ .‬در دوره ﻣﺲ ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ و ‪ ..‬ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻫﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪ .‬اﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﻃﻪﻫﺎ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺣﻮﺿﻪ در دره و دﺷﺖ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﻲ زاب ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫واژﮔﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي‪ :‬ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان‪ ،‬رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زاب ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‪،‬ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺳﻨﮕﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺲ و‬
‫ﺳﻨﮓ‬
‫‪ .1‬داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻫﻴﺄت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻫﻴﺄت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻫﻴﺄت ﻋﻠﻤﻲ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس‬
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A New Archaeological Research in …
Intl. J. Humanities (2012) Vol. 19 (2)
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