Download Chapter 3. Prejudice and Dicrimination

Strangers
Strangers
to These
to These
Shores,
Shores,
Tenth
Tenth
Edition
Edition
by Vincent
by Vincent
N. Parrillo
N. Parrillo
©2011
©2011
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc.Inc.
All All
rights
rights
reserved
reserved
PREJUDICE
Prejudice
• A system of negative beliefs, feelings, and action-orientations
regarding a certain group or groups of people
What common prejudiced themes can you think of?
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF
PREJUDICE
Levels of Prejudice
1. Cognitive level of prejudice
• Based on beliefs and perceptions
•
Italians as heavy drinkers
•
Blacks as agile and rhythmic
2. Emotional level of prejudice
• Based on intense feelings
•
•
Jews in the banking system
Muslim-Arabs as threats to western values
3. Action-orientation level of prejudice
•
Based on a predisposition to engage in discriminatory behavior
•
•
Would you consider moving to a particular “ethnic” neighborhood?
Would you consider sending your kids to a predominantly black school?
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF
PREJUDICE
Scapegoating
• Blaming others for something that is not their fault
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Five conditions usually exist for a group to become suitable,
Highly visible
Not strong enough to strike back
Situated within access to the dominant group
Past target of hostility
The symbol of an unpopular concept
• Can you think of past and current examples of
scapegoating in U.S. history?
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
THE SOCIOLOGY OF
PREJUDICE
• Prejudice is a complex phenomenon and is most
likely the product of more than one causal agent
• Sociologists tend to stress social forces and
processes such as:
• Socialization
• Economic competition
• Social norms
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
STEREOTYPING
Stereotype
• An oversimplified generalization by which we attribute
certain traits or characteristics to a group without
regard to individual differences
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
Ethnic Humor
• A common minority practice is to use ethnic humor as a
strategy for defining one’s ethnicity positively
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Opq8YCkFV9s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1BeHcFI5w4&feature=related
• How does the mass media affect our perceptions about
other ethnic groups?
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MASS MEDIA
The Influence of Television
Perpetuation of stereotypes
Influencing of attitudes
The Influence of
Advertising and Music
Exploitation of women,
violence against homosexuals
Use of racial/ethnic stereotypes
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
CAN PREJUDICE BE
REDUCED?
Two basic approaches to reducing prejudice
• Promoting interaction between dominant and minority
groups in all aspects of living, by either voluntary or
compulsory means
•
•
Integrated education
Integrated workplaces
• Dispensing information that destroys stereotypes and
exposes rationalizations
• Neither approach has been successful in all instances
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
DISCRIMINATION
Discrimination
The practice of differential and unequal treatment of
others usually along racial, religious, or ethnic lines
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
DISCRIMINATION
Social Discrimination
The creation of “social distance” between groups
Institutional Discrimination
The unequal treatment of subordinate groups inherent in
the ongoing operations of society’s institutions
Examples: sentencing inequalities, segregated housing,
gerrymandered school districts
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved
THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
CONTROVERSY
• The origin of government affirmative action policy
began with Executive Order 8802 in 1941
• Since 1989, a more conservative Supreme Court
has shown a growing reluctance to use “raceconscious remedies”
Strangers to These Shores, Tenth Edition by Vincent N. Parrillo
©2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved