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Sociology: Chapter 10 Sec 1 “Racial and Ethnic Relations” “Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure” Standards for Ch 10: 2.4, 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1-4.4, 4.10, 4.11-4.13, 5.3, 5.5, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 7.5, 7.6 Race Race: Grouping of Human Beings by 1. Skin Color 2. Hair Texture 3. Body Structure Three basic racial groups 1. Caucasoid: White; Fair Skin; Straight/Wavy Hair 2. Mongoloid: Oriental; Yellowish/Brownish Skin; Distinct Folds on the Eyelids 3. Negroids: Dark Skin; Tightly Curled Hair Characteristic Problems Southern India: White features; Dark Skin; Straight Hair AINU: Japan; White Skin; Oriental Features Black Like Me: Possible Book for Review Race From a Social Perspective -Race: Category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and are perceived as being a “distinct” group by others * Sociologists are not as concerned w/ the differences as they are HOW people REACT to these differences Ethnicity and Ethnic Groups Ethnicity: Set of Social Characteristics that distinguish one group from another Ethnic Group: Share a common cultural background and sense of identity -Beliefs and practices often passed from one generation to another *Not ENTIRELY physical *Ex: Jewish people base their ethnicity on religion Characteristics of Minority Groups Minority Group: Category of people who share physical characteristics or cultural practices that result in the group being denied equal treatment… (See p. 234)- Watch: The Great Divide Characteristics of Minority Groups 1. Possess Obvious Physical/Cultural Characteristics that are different than the dominant group 2. Are victims of unequal treatment 3. Membership is Ascribed 4. Group members share a bond and sense of loyalty 5. Members practice Endogamy: Marriage w/in group Sociology: Chapter 10 Sec 2 “Patterns of Intergroup Relations” Standards:” “ Discrimination and Prejudice 1. Discrimination: Denial of equal treatment based on group membership 2. Prejudice: Unsupported generalization about a category of people: “Pre-Judge” Types of Discrimination 1. Legal Discrimination: Discrimination upheld by law (Jim Crow) 2. Institutionalized Discrimination: An outgrowth of the structure of society; 1882-1970: 1,170 African-Americans lynched; Crime; Trying to vote *Even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, blacks were still denied equal opportunities in many Two “Precedent” Court Cases Plessy v Ferguson: 1896; “Separate but Equal is Constitutional” *This case made racial segregation LEGAL Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas: 1954; “Plessy v. Ferguson is UN-constitutional because it is impossible to keep the races ‘separate but equal’ because of the unequal distribution of the means of production” *After this case, schools systems started “busing” students to other high schools to integrate the American school system Watch: Remember the Titans Self- Fulfilling Prophecy Prejudice: W.I. Thomas Stereotype: Oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group -”If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.” -Ex: If I am interviewing candidates for a job opening and I believe the “stereotype” that “Black people are lazy,” is it likely that I will hire a black candidate? Robert K. Merton Self-Fulfilling Prophecy A prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction true. “You are bad” Racism and Patterns of Prejudice Racism: Belief that one’s own race or ethnic group is superior to others Merton’s Patterns of Discrimination and Prejudice: See chart; P. 240 1. Active Bigot: Someone who is prejudice and openly discriminates 2. Timid Bigot: Is prejudiced but is afraid to discriminate because of societal pressure 3. Fair-Weather Liberal: Not Prejudiced; discriminates because of societal pressures 4. All-Weather Liberal: Not prejudice; does not discriminate Sources of Discrimination and Prejudice 1. Stereotyping: Oversimplified exaggerated generalization about a particular group -Often times, this becomes a NORM in some societies and racism becomes “Socialized” into an individual 2. Scapegoating: Place blame of one’s own troubles on an innocent person or group -Jewish people in pre-WWII Germany -Mexican-Americans being blamed for “taking” American jobs 3. Differences in the distribution of power also influences discrimination. Read P. 241 Patterns of Minority Group Treatment 1. Assimilation: Blending of culturally distinct groups into a group w/ common culture (MexicanAmerican can’t speak Spanish well) 2. Cultural Pluralism: Let cultures keep heritage (Little Italy in Chicago; Little Havana in Miami) 3. Legal Protection: Civil Rights Act of 1964 -Affirmative Action 4. Population Transfer: Transfer Minorities to a new area: Ex: Indian removal; 1930’s Minority Group Treatment 5. Subjugation: Rule by force -Segregation: Physical separation -De Jure: Based on laws -De Facto: Informal Norms 6. Extermination: -Genocide: Destroy an entire population -Holocaust