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Big Idea Evolution: Animals Campbell’s Chapters 32 General Animals, 33 Invertebrates, 34 Vertebrates Animal Evolution • What characteristics unite animals? • What characteristics allow for diversity (at the phylum level)? • Later in the year…what characteristics have animal systems evolved. Common ancestor and unifying characteristics • Heterotrophic cosumers • Lack cell walls (collagen & ECM) • Nervous & Muscle tissue • Diploid dominant • Hox genes Choanoflagellate protist ancestor Animal Cladogram Tree-thinking Formative Assessment • What group of organisms share the most recent C. A. with arthropods? • Who is more closely related? – Porifera & Cnidaria – Cnidaria & Brachiopoda • Which of the following represents a “clade’? – Nemetera & Nematoda – Annelida & Arthropoda – Porifera & Cnidaria Developmental basics (aka…animal embryology in brief) Body plan vocabulary • Symmetry and Cephalization – Radial--dipoblastic – Bilateral--tripoblastic • Cephailization • Germ layers • Body Cavity – Acoleomate – Pseudocoelom – Coelomate • Development & Formation formation of tissues – Protostome • Spiral and determineate • Blastopore becomes mouth – Deuterostome • Radial and indeterminate • Blastopore becomes anus Gastrulation • Endoderm: – Inner lining of dig/resp • Mesoderm: – Muscles, reproductive organs • Ecotderm: – Outer covering, nervous system • Bilateral – Along with this evolved cephalization (CNS) • Radial – Cnidarians: Hydra, jellyfish – Not Starfish (echinoderms) – Embryos are bilateral; adults have a radial symmetry that evolved separately Symmetry Body Cavity • Coelom: digestive organs are suspended in a mesentery to help prevent injury. – Pseudo: false (body cavity but organs no mesentery Developmental plans • Remember that Chordates and Echinoderms share a recent C. A. and are “dooties” Body plan vs. Molecular Data • DNA data refutes structural hypotheses: – Roundworms and flatworms in different clades – Annelids and Arthropods do not share a recent common ancestor Invertebrates: Focus on Arthropods • Examples of evolutionary success and constraint • An Arthropod Story: http://evolution.berkeley.edu /evolibrary/article/arthropo dstory Arthropod Story • 1) Big Idea #4 (Interactions): Develop an appreciation for arthropods in our world. Compare to the human microbiome. • 2) Know the shared characteristics of arthropods and how derived characteristics separate classes within Arthropods • 3) For your own interest… • 4) Connect to the theme “structure meets function”: • 5) Describe “evolutionary constraint” and be able to explain using Arthropods as an example Vertebrates • Do you remember??? • What did T. rex taste like? http://www.ucmp. berkeley.edu/tas te/ Using a character table to draw a cladogram Vertebrate Cladogram Vertebrate Cladogram Tree thinking using the previous cladogram • What would be the characteristics of the common ancestor to reptiles, birds, and mammals? • Are mammals more closely related to birds or crocodiles? What is the significance an amniotic egg? • Shells or placenta and protective cavity allow offspring to be born on land!!! DNA has again challenged our thinking • Does the traditional classification called “reptile” make sense? If we group all reptiles into a clade, what other organisms belong to that clade? Big Idea #1: Evolution • Summary 10-minute writing prompt: – How does our understanding of animals (both modern day and extinct) contribute to our understanding of the Unity and Diversity of living things as a big idea in biology. – Give clear, direct examples from what we discussed to support your reasoning.
